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First Results from BISTRO: A SCUBA-2 Polarimeter Survey of the Gould Belt
Ward-Thompson, Derek,Pattle, Kate,Bastien, Pierre,Furuya, Ray S.,Kwon, Woojin,Lai, Shih-Ping,Qiu, Keping,Berry, David,Choi, Minho,Coudé,, Simon,Francesco, James Di,Hoang, Thiem,Franzmann, Erica American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.842 No.1
<P>We present the first results from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array. 2 camera, with its associated polarimeter (POL-2), on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. We discuss the survey's aims and objectives. We describe the rationale behind the survey, and the questions that. the survey will aim to answer. The most important of these is the role of magnetic fields in the star formation process on the scale of individual filaments and cores in dense regions. We describe the data acquisition and reduction processes for POL-2, demonstrating both repeatability and consistency with previous data. We present a first-look analysis of the first results from the BISTRO survey in the OMC 1 region. We see that the magnetic field lies approximately perpendicular to the famous 'integral filament' in the densest regions of that filament. Furthermore, we see an 'hourglass' magnetic field morphology extending beyond the densest region of the integral filament into the less-dense surrounding material, and discuss possible causes for this. We also discuss the more complex morphology seen along the Orion Bar region. We examine the morphology of the field along the lower-density northeastern filament. We find consistency with previous theoretical models that predict magnetic fields lying parallel to low-density, non-self-gravitating filaments, and perpendicular to higher-density, self-gravitating filaments.</P>
Sorcar, Saurav,Thompson, Jamie,Hwang, Yunju,Park, Young Ho,Majima, Tetsuro,Grimes, Craig A.,Durrant, James R.,In, Su-Il The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Energy & environmental science Vol.11 No.11
<P>The production of solar fuels offers a viable pathway for reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the storage and transport of solar energy. While photoconversion of CO2 into C1 hydrocarbon products, notably methane (CH4), is known, the ability to directly achieve significant quantities of higher-order hydrocarbons represents an important step towards practical implementation of solar fuel technologies. We describe an efficient, stable, and readily synthesized CO2-reduction photocatalyst, Pt-sensitized graphene-wrapped defect-induced blue-coloured titania, that produces a record high combined photocatalytic yield of ethane (C2H6) and methane. For the first time, a systematic ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy study on the mechanism underlying ethane formation indicates that the process is dependent upon upward band bending at the reduced blue-titania/graphene interface. Furthermore, transient absorption spectroscopy indicates photogenerated holes move into the graphene while electrons accumulate on the Ti<SUP>3+</SUP> sites, a phenomenon contradicting prior assumptions that graphene acts as an electron extractor. We find that both mechanisms serve to enhance multielectron transfer processes that generate ˙CH3. Utilizing a continuous flow-through (CO2, H2O) photoreactor, over the course of multiple 7 h runs approximate totals of 77 μmol g<SUP>−1</SUP> C2H6 and 259 μmol g<SUP>−1</SUP> CH4 are obtained under one sun AM 1.5G illumination. The photocatalyst exhibits an apparent quantum yield of 7.9%, 5.2% CH4 and 2.7% C2H6, and stable photocatalytic performance over the test duration of 42 h. The carbon source for both products is verified using <SUP>13</SUP>CO2 isotopic experiments.</P>
( Tarek Boutefnouchet ),( Christopher Downham ),( James Bassett ),( Peter Thompson ),( Andrew Sprowson ) 대한슬관절학회 2016 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.28 No.2
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction combined with tibial tuberosity transfer (TTT) in the treatment of patellofemoral instability. Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic search was carried out to identify and review the published literature pertinent to MFPL reconstruction combined with TTT. Relevant studies were critically appraised with narrative data synthesis. Studies that met the eligibility criteria were suitable for appraisal and consisted of case series and therapeutic series (levels IV & III). All studies had inherent variations in outcomes reporting and limited follow-up. Combined treatment offers restoration of normal anatomy, thus adding clinical value to the currently recommended anatomic approach to MPFL reconstruction. Nevertheless, the current body of evidence does not determine the threshold at which patellofemoral axis requires the need for adjunctive distal realignment as opposed to MPFL reconstruction alone. This review highlighted numerous recurring limitations in the conduct and presentation of the studies, which inadvertently mitigated the interpretation of their results. Future priority should be awarded to larger randomised controlled trials utilising validated patient reported outcome measures.
Jeung, Min-Gull,Thompson, James-N.Jr,Lee, Chung-Choo The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1997 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.1 No.4
Polygenic variation of sternopleural bristle number was investigated at the whole chromosome level in a natural population of Drosophila melanogasfer. Fifty pairs of second and third chromosomes were analyzed at $25^\circ{C}$. Since environmental factors such as temperature influence polygenic expression of quantitative traits, whole chromosomal effects of 28 pairs from the larger original sample were measured under cycling temperature, a $10-30\circ{C}$ cycle in 24 hours, to reveal any polygenic alleles whose effects might be masked under the constant temperature. While third chromosomes typically showed a larger contribution to polygenic variation in both environments, second chromosomes showed greater sensitivity to environmental changes. Cluster analyses of second and third chromosomes produced a limited number of clusters. Such a small number of cluster's implies that there may be a small number of genes, or quantitative trait loci (QTLs), having large effects on phenotypic variation. The genetic structure assessed under constant temperature, however, did not show any correlation with the structure under cycling temperature. The discrepancy could be caused by independent response of each polygenic allele to temperature changes. Thus, polygenic structure in natural populations should be thought of as a temporally changing profile of interactions between gene and ever-changing environment.
Krieger, Elmar,Joo, Keehyoung,Lee, Jinwoo,Lee, Jooyoung,Raman, Srivatsan,Thompson, James,Tyka, Mike,Baker, David,Karplus, Kevin Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Proteins Vol.77 No.suppl9
<P>A correct alignment is an essential requirement in homology modeling. Yet in order to bridge the structural gap between template and target, which may not only involve loop rearrangements, but also shifts of secondary structure elements and repacking of core residues, high-resolution refinement methods with full atomic details are needed. Here, we describe four approaches that address this 'last mile of the protein folding problem' and have performed well during CASP8, yielding physically realistic models: YASARA, which runs molecular dynamics simulations of models in explicit solvent, using a new partly knowledge-based all atom force field derived from Amber, whose parameters have been optimized to minimize the damage done to protein crystal structures. The LEE-SERVER, which makes extensive use of conformational space annealing to create alignments, to help Modeller build physically realistic models while satisfying input restraints from templates and CHARMM stereochemistry, and to remodel the side-chains. ROSETTA, whose high resolution refinement protocol combines a physically realistic all atom force field with Monte Carlo minimization to allow the large conformational space to be sampled quickly. And finally UNDERTAKER, which creates a pool of candidate models from various templates and then optimizes them with an adaptive genetic algorithm, using a primarily empirical cost function that does not include bond angle, bond length, or other physics-like terms.</P>