A sub-1-volt nanoelectromechanical switching device.

Lee, Jeong Oen,Song, Yong-Ha,Kim, Min-Wu,Kang, Min-Ho,Oh, Jae-Sub,Yang, Hyun-Ho,Yoon, Jun-Bo Nature Pub. Group 2013 Nature nanotechnology Vol.8 No.1

<P>Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches have received widespread attention as promising candidates in the drive to surmount the physical limitations currently faced by complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The NEM switch has demonstrated superior characteristics including quasi-zero leakage behaviour, excellent density capability and operation in harsh environments. However, an unacceptably high operating voltage (4-20 V) has posed a major obstacle in the practical use of the NEM switch in low-power integrated circuits. To utilize the NEM switch widely as a core device component in ultralow power applications, the operation voltage needs to be reduced to 1 V or below. However, sub-1 V actuation has not yet been demonstrated because of fabrication difficulties and irreversible switching failure caused by surface adhesion. Here, we report the sub-1 V operation of a NEM switch through the introduction of a novel pipe clip device structure and an effective air gap fabrication technique. This achievement is primarily attributed to the incorporation of a 4-nm-thick air gap, which is the smallest reported so far for a NEM switch generated using a 'top-down' approach. Our structure and process can potentially be utilized in various nanogap-related applications, including NEM switch-based ultralow-power integrated circuits, NEM resonators, nanogap electrodes for scientific research and sensors.</P>

생쥐의 骨髓細胞에 대한 Aminopterin 과 Amethopterin의 細胞遺傳學的 影響

양재섭,강봉석,최명철,김길웅 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 基礎科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Aminopterin and amethopterin(Methotrexate; MTX) are antifolic drugs and anti-tumour agents, which inhibit DNA biosynthesis, were previously known to have mutagenic effects on various mammalian cells. Mutagenecity and toxicity of these agents have been determined by various methods. In the present study, effects of two anti-tumour agents on cultured mouse bone marrow cells were analyzed by observing chromosome aberrations and mitotic index. The results of the present investigation were as follows; 1. The chromosome aberrations analyzed were mainly chromosome gaps and breaks, chromatid gaps and breaks. In the Group-1 (treated for 8 hours), chromosome aberrations were not shown and it seems that mutagenic actions of anti-tumour agents were not aroused due to the short period of culture and the other culture conditions. However, in the Group-2 (treated for 24 hours), as the concentrations of antifolic compounds were increased, chromosome aberrations were increased. 2. In mitotic index, the Group-I treated with aminopterin and amethopterin showed marked inhibition in the mitotic index(O. 6% in aminopterin, 0.9% in amethopterin) at the high concentrations, compared with that of control (5. 2%). Both aminopterin and amethopterin showed a dose-dependent reduction of mitotic index. In the Group-2, each group treated with two antifolic compounds showed no marked differences in the mitotic index. compared with that of control. 3. Aminopterin was a more potent agent for induction of chromosome aberration than amethopterin.

인간 염색체에 있어서 14q/22q Robertsonian 전좌형에 관한 연구

양재섭 대구대학교 부설 과학교육연구소 1990 과학교육 Vol.3 No.-

배양 포유동물 세포에 인위적으로 삽입한 재조합 DNA의 복제에 관한 연구

양재섭,김길웅 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 1985 基礎科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The transformation of LMTK- to LMTK+ was performed with cell fusion and DNA blot hybridization. The chick erythrocytes were used in cell fusion, pJM 94 and chick erythrocyte DNAs were used in DNA blot hybridization. The frequency of transformation was less than 5 x 10-8 in tretment of pJM 94 and 2.5 x 10-6 in treatment of chick erythrocyte DNA. The frequency of cell fusion was 10-7. The TK genes of LMTK+ transformated by DNA blot hybridization well more stable than the TK genes of LMTK* transformated by cell fusion. It is thought that the very low frequency of transformation in treatment of pJM 94 was caused by absence of viral promoter and presence of yeast prometer in pJM 94 DNA.

Cefradine 함유 alginate bead의 제조 및 용출

김대섭,구자성,양재헌 우석대학교 생명과학연구소 1998 생명과학연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Cefradine, first generation cephalosporins, is a water soluble antibiotic agent. We prepared the alginate beads containing cefradine for developing release and evaluated the dissolutions of cefradine from beads. Cefradine was encapsulated into inner water phase of W/O/W emulsion beads which were prepared by cross-linking of alginate with Ca^2+. The delayed release patterns of cefradine for W/O/W emulsion beads were observed as it was compared with alginate simple beads without oil phase. As a results, W/O/W multiple emulsion beads could be use a controlled release DDS of water soluble agents such as cefradine. Also chitosan of high M.W could be a good intermediator of controlled release DDS.

단백질분해효소를 생성분비하는 호알칼리성 Coryneform bacterium TU-19의 분리 및 동정

최명철,양재섭,강선철 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

토양으로부터 알칼리성 단백질분해효소를 생성분비하는 호알칼리성 미생물을 분리하였다. 이 균의 형태적 특징은 Gram 양성이었으며, 포자를 형성하지 않고, 운동성이 없으며, 불규칙적인 간균의 형태를 하고 있는 호기성 미생물이었다. 또한 기타 다른 형태적, 생리생화확적 특징과 종합적으로 비교해 볼 때 이 균주는 Coryneform 세균과 매우 유사하였다. 따라서 본 분리균주는 Coryneform bacterium TU-19로 잠정적으로 동정하였다. 그러나 화학적 분석 결과 및 부분적인 생리생화적 특징들에 있어서는 Coryneform bacteria의 어느 종과도 정확히 일치하지 않았다. An alkalophilic bacterium producing alkaline protease(s) was isolated from soil. It was a Gram-positive, non-sporulating, immotile, irregular rod, strictly aerobic, and weak acid-forming bacterium. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the isolate resembled those of the Coryneform bacteria. However, there was not any species within this genera to which microorganism can be closely matched. Therefore, it is provisionally identified as a Coryneform bacterium TU-19.

A. 高校 科學 (生物·地球科學) 및 數學科 探究學習의 評價模型 定立과 評價紙 開發

李相協,權炳奎,林在圭,孫文求,吳岱燮,楊洪準,梁承榮,姜用熙,林成圭,金正遠,金吉民,兪正在 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1982 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Currently the evaluation of high school science and mathematics learning has been too much knowledge-centered without concerning the inquiring ability or scientific attitude. This study, therefore, was made for the purpose of establishing of evaluation model for high school science (biology and earth science) and mathematics learning and its evaluation items. In this paper, the research was done about three fields, biology, earth science and mathematics. 1. For the biology, the evaluation methods of inquiry learning were studied with the foreign references, and proper evaluation items were suggested. 2. For the earth science, after analizing 5 kinds of earth science textbook of current using in high school, essential 19 items were selected. 5 of them were tested in test group and control group, then, the results were analized. 3. For the mathematice, the teaching elements of「Set」and「Flow chart」in mathematics (Ⅰ) were selected and structured. Detailed teaching objects were established and evaluation items were introduced.

산마늘 자생지의 임분구조와 식물종의 연관

김혜진 ( Hye Jin Kim ),윤총원 ( Chung Weon Yun ),도은수 ( Eun Soo Doh ),장준복 ( Jun Pok Chang ),최명석 ( Myung Suk Choi ),양재경 ( Jae Kyung Yang ),박희권 ( Hee Kwon Park ),신학섭 ( Hak Sub Shin ),이서희 ( Seo Hui Lee ),배관호 ( 한국산림과학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.4

This study was conducted to describe forest stand characteristics of the habitats of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum population from the ecological analysis of classification of vegetation types, importance values, species diversity, interspecific association and community similarity in Ulleung Island and Mt. Hambaek, in which investigated by 48 plots (10 m×10 m). The vegetation studied was classified into 1 community group, 2communities, 2 groups and 3 subgroups for a species unit and divided by 5 units for a vegetation unit. In the Fagus engleriana group (vegetation unit 1, 2 and 3), importance value of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum in herb layer showed relatively higher value than other units. Importance value of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum in herb layer had higher value. In the analysis of interspecific association, most of the species associated positively to A. victorialis var. platyphyllum belonged to habitat features of valley area and sub-alpine zone. Therefore, it was considered that the growing environment of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum population was closely correlated to soil moisture and air humidity.

호안블록용 박테리아 기반 악취저감 키트의 악취제거 성능평가

양근혁,문주현,정기태,윤현섭,심재일,Keun-Hyoek Yang,Ju-Hyun Mun,Ki-Tae Jeong,Hyun-Sub Yoon,Jae-Il Sim 한국건설순환자원학회 2024 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구에서는 박테리아 기반 악취저감 키트의 악취제거 성능을 평가하였다. 박테리아는 악취오염원인 암모니아(NH₃), 황화수소(H₂S), 총질소(T-P) 및 총인(T-N)을 제거할 수 있는 Rhodobacter capsulatus, Paracoccus limosus 및 Brevibacterium hankyongi를 사용하였다. 사용된 소재들은 박테리아와 다공성골재(팽창질석, 제올라이트 비드, 활성탄)이며, 제거 메커니즘에 따라 소재들의 융합을 달리하였다. 물리적 흡착 메커니즘을 갖는 소재들(제올라이트 비드 및 활성탄)은 악취오염원(NH₃, H₂S, T-P 및 T-N)의 농도 저감율이 점차 둔화되어 48시간 이후부터 더 이상의 악취오염원의 농도의 저감 효과가 없었다. 생물학적 흡착 메커니즘으로 악취를 제거하는 박테리아가 고정화된 팽창질석은 지속적인 농도 저감으로 108시간 이후에 악취오염원의 농도가 0 ppm에 도달하였다. 결과적으로 실제 하천수에서 물리적 흡착 메커니즘을 갖는 소재들의 악취제거 성능은 환경부에서 제시하고 있는 악취 배출허용 기준을 만족하지 못한 반면, 박테리아가 고정화된 팽창질석은 악취 배출허용 기준을 만족하였으며, 수질도 1등급으로 평가되었다. This study evaluated the odor removal performance of a bacteria-based odor reduction kit. The bacteria used were Rhodobacter capsulatus, Paracoccus limosus, and Brevibacterium hankyongi, which can remove ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), total nitrogen (T-P), and total phosphorus (T-N), which are odor pollutants. The materials used were bacteria and porous aggregates (expanded vermiculite, zeolite beads, activated carbon), and the combination of the materials varied depending on the removal mechanism. Materials with a physical adsorption mechanism (zeolite beads and activated carbon) gradually slowed down the concentration reduction rate of odor pollutants (NH₃, H₂S, T-P, and T-N), and had no further effect on reducing the concentration of odor pollutants after 60 hours. Expanded vermiculite, in which bacteria that remove odors through a bio-adsorption mechanism were immobilized, had a continuous decrease in concentration, and the concentration of odor pollutants reached 0 ppm after 108 hours. As a result, the odor removal performance of materials with physical adsorption mechanisms in actual river water did not meet the odor emission standard required by the Ministry of Environment, while the expanded vermiculite immobilized with bacteria satisfied the odor emission permissible standard and achieved water quality grade 1.

생명특허의 허용과 인간존엄성의 문제

양재섭(Jae Sub Yang) 한국생명윤리학회 2009 생명윤리 Vol.10 No.2

최초로 생명체에 생명특허를 허용한 차크라바티 사건(1980)은 물질과 생명의 경계가 허물어지고 생명의 소유화와 상품화를 허용하는 계기가 되었다는 점에서 많은 논쟁을 불러 일으켰다. 이어서 굴의 배수체, 발암유전자 생쥐에 특허를 허용하였고, 드디어 인간유전체계획이 진행됨에 따라 인간의 유전자에 대한 특허와 인간이 소유하고 있는 바이러스도 특허 대상으로 논의되었다. 이러한 과정에서 인간에 대한 생명특허의 허용이 인간존엄성을 훼손하는지 여부는 중요한 관심사가 되었다. 그런데 유엔 세계인권선언(1948), 유네스코의 인간유전체와 인권에 관한 선언(1997) 등의 문서들은 한결같이 인간의 존엄과 가치를 천명하였으며 영리목적으로 이용하지 말 것을 권고하고 있다. 결과적으로 인간에 대한 생명특허의 허용은 생명을 목적보다는 수단으로 다루는 분위기를 조성하고 이윤적 동기를 강하게 유발한다는 점에서 상당부분 인간존엄성을 손상시키는 것으로 생각된다. The Chakrabarty case which allowed patenting of a living organism for the first time has created many issues specifically with regards to privatization and commercialization of life and distorting the boundaries between living and non-living things. Since then, polyploid of oyster and onco-mouse have been patented. Furthermore, with the progress of the Human Genome Project, there is more discussion on patenting human genes and human-possessing viruses. In the process, whether the human-related patents destroy human dignity have become an important issue. The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights(1997) strongly stress the importance of human dignity and recommend not to exploit it for commercialization. Finally, the human-related patents tend to promote commercialization rather than preserving life dignity, therefore, to damage human dignity. Human dignity should always be preserved.