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Effect of Liquid Mulch on the Transpiration Rate and Water Use Efficiency of Drip-irrigated Cotton
Yunguang Li,Zhenhua Wang,Jinzhu Zhang,Wenhao Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.1
This study was carried out to address the ever severer white pollution issue in the cotton fields of arid areas and to primarily stop the increase of film residuals in cotton fields. The feasibility of replacing plastic films with liquid mulch in combination with drip irrigation was evaluated. A bucket experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of liquid mulch on the transpiration rate and water use efficiency (WUE) of drip-irrigated cottons. A total of 5 treatments were set up: liquid mulch (1900 kg/hm2) coupled with drip irrigation (LFD1), liquid mulch (2200 kg/hm2) coupled with drip irrigation (LFD2), liquid mulch (2500 kg/hm2) coupled with drip irrigation (LFD3), plastic film coupled with drip irrigation (PFD) and drip irrigation without mulch (NFD or control). The results showed that in the bud stage, the peak value of cotton leaf transpiration rate in LFD3 was 0.95 mmol•m-2•s-1 (or 21.99%) higher than that in control but 0.39 mmol•m-2•s-1 (or 6.89%) lower than that in PFD. The WUE in LFD3 was the highest in any cotton growth stage among the treatments. The peak value of WUE in the seedling and bud stages was 16.90% and 15.03%, respectively higher in LFD3 than in control. When used at an appropriate dosage, liquid mulch can lower the transpiration rate and significantly raise the WUE of drip-irrigated cottons, thus paving the way towards high yields. In addition, liquid mulch has no negative effects on the soil environment and thus is of important research value and good application prospect in light of drip-irrigated cottons in arid areas.
Lin Yao,Qian Yang,Jinzhu Song,Chong Tan,Changhong Guo,Li Wang,Lianhai Qu,Yun Wang 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.2
Trichoderma harzianum 88, a filamentous soil fungus, is an effective biocontrol agent against several plant pathogens. High-throughput sequencing was used here to study the mycoparasitism mechanisms of T. harzianum 88. Plate confrontation tests of T. harzianum 88 against plant pathogens were conducted, and a cDNA library was constructed from T. harzianum 88 mycelia in the presence of plant pathogen cell walls. Randomly selected transcripts from the cDNA library were compared with eukaryotic plant and fungal genomes. Of the 1,386 transcripts sequenced, the most abundant Gene Ontology (GO) classification group was “physiological process”. Differential expression of 19 genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR at different mycoparasitism stages against plant pathogens. Gene expression analysis revealed the transcription of various genes involved in mycoparasitism of T. harzianum 88. Our study provides helpful insights into the mechanisms of T. harzianum 88-plant pathogen interactions.
IL-17A Secreted by Th17 Cells Is Essential for the Host against Streptococcus agalactiae Infections
( Jing Chen ),( Siyu Yang ),( Wanyu Li ),( Wei Yu ),( Zhaowei Fan ),( Mengyao Wang ),( Zhenyue Feng ),( Chunyu Tong ),( Baifen Song ),( Jinzhu Ma ),( Yudong Cui ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.5
Streptococcus agalactiae is an important bacterial pathogen and causative agent of diseases including neonatal sepsis and meningitis, as well as infections in healthy adults and pregnant women. Although antibiotic treatments effectively relieve symptoms, the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant strains indicate the need for an effective immunotherapy. Effector T helper (Th) 17 cells are a relatively newly discovered subpopulation of helper CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes, and which, by expressing interleukin (IL)-17A, play crucial roles in host defenses against a variety of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. However, whether S. agalactiae infection can induce the differentiation of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells into Th17 cells, and whether IL-17A can play an effective role against S. agalactiae infections, are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the responses of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and their defensive effects after S. agalactiae infection. The results showed that S. agalactiae infection induces not only the formation of Th1 cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ, but also the differentiation of mouse splenic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells into Th17 cells, which highly express IL-17A. In addition, the bacterial load of S. agalactiae was significantly increased and decreased in organs as determined by antibody neutralization and IL-17A addition experiments, respectively. The results confirmed that IL-17A is required by the host to defend against S. agalactiae and that it plays an important role in effectively eliminating S. agalactiae. Our findings therefore prompt us to adopt effective methods to regulate the expression of IL-17A as a potent strategy for the prevention and treatment of S. agalactiae infection.