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Choung,Yonghwan,Kumari,Saloni 대동문화재단 2021 대동CT연구 Vol.1 No.1
Expeditious settlement of disputes is pre-requisite of free economy, especially in the commercial matters. But pendency and backlog of cases in Indian judiciary has ransacked the working and functioning of nation as a whole. The underprivileged and poor people are the worst victim of this issue. Courtroom Litigation is a lengthy and expensive affair. And the pendency prolongs the cases for years depriving Justice to the needy as well as paralysing the economic activity of the nation. If this issue is not addressed in the near future, it has potential to crash the Indian judicial system under the weight of arrears. The idea of this paper is not to dwell upon the problem. It aims to explore the solutions and optimum methods needed for a reformative measure. Access of justice is a basic human right guaranteed by the common law. The Indian legal system is under constant pressure and questions have been raised as how do they plan to continue the justice delivery system. Thus, there is a need to prioritise the issue of pendency and access to justice to all. Since, a major dependency now lies upon the online and digital mode, the productivity during pandemic and even for future, can be enhanced through improved infrastructure of the online mode of alternative dispute settlement. The pandemic has reshaped how pending cases and future cases will be adjudicated. In light of this, the paper aims to divert the attention towards Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) and specifically Online modes of Dispute resolution and evaluate the efficacy of Online Dispute Resolution (“ODR”) mechanisms.
Hypodontia and Hyperdontia of Permanent Teeth in Korean Schoolchildren
Hyock-Soo Moon,Sun-Chui Choi,Pill-Hoon Choung3 대한구순구개열학회 2001 대한구순구개열학회지 Vol.4 No.2
This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth among Korean schoolchildren, and to compare differences in the prevalence between Korea, other country, and other ethnic groups. The sample consisted of 346 girls aged 6.9~0.3 yr and 375 boys aged 6.8~0.4 yr on whom a panoramic radiograph was taken at Yeonchun-Gun community in Korea. The prevalence of congenitally missing teeth (third molars excluded) was 6.7% in boys and somewhat higher, 9.5% in girls, and 8.0% for both sexes combined. On the average, number of missing teeth per affected child was 1.9 teeth. The most commonly congenitally missing teeth were the mandibular second premolar (32.7%), followed by the mandibular incisor (28.7%), the maxillary second premolar (16.7%), and the maxillary lateral incisors (10.2%). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 2.1 % in boys, 1.4% in girls, and 1.8% for both sexes combined. The most common supernumerary teeth were the mesiodens (76.9%), followed by the supernumerary premolar (23.1%). The affected male-female ratio was 1.6: 1.0. The prevalence of congenital missing teeth in this study was similar to in studies of Japanese, Danish, American and German. The frequency of hyperdontia was lower in this study than in studies of Chinese children, Japanese and American.
혼합형 교습전략을 기반으로 하는 지능형 코스웨어 저작 시스템
정정호(Choung-Ho Choung),신학재(Hak-Jai Sin),김민구(Min-Koo Kim) 한국정보과학회 1995 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2A
상용되고 있는 대부분의 교육용 프로그램은 정해진 순서에 따라 교습이 진행된다. 이러한 교육용 프로그램은 주로 학습의 보조적인 수단으로 사용되고 있다. 교육용 프로그램이 학습의 주된 수단으로 사용되기 위해서는 개인교사와 같이 학습자의 상태에 따라 교습을 진행하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 학습자의 상태에 따라 교습을 진행하는 교육용 프로그램을 제작할 수 있는 저작 시스템을 설계하였다. 설계한 저작 시스템에서는 정적인 교습순서와 동적인 교습순서를 기술할 수 있다. 정적인 교습순서란 대상이 되는 학습자들에 맞도록 미리 계획된 교습순서를 말하고, 동적인 교습순서란 개별 학습자의 상태에 따라 변화되는 교습순서를 말한다. 본 논문에서는 정적인 교습순서과 동적인 교습순서를 혼합하여 기술할 수 있는 저작 시스템 모델을 제시하였다.
Maxillary reconstruction for hemimaxillectomy defect using vascularized cranial bone
정필훈(Pil Hoon Choung),이정훈(Choung Hoon Lee),민병국(Byoung Kook Min),정상철(Sang Choul Choung) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1988 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.14 No.1
악성종양 수술로 인한 상악결손 환자에 있어서의 그 휴유증은 발음장애, 연하곤란, 저작장애, 편측안모함몰, 반흔성 구축으로 인한 안모추형등 실로 다양하다. 그러나, 이러한 후유증을 제거하기 위한 상악결손의 회복에 관한 보고는, surgical doturator 등 치과보철적 회복 이외에, 연조직 재건의 증례를 제외하고는 경조직 재건의 보고는 그 수가 많다고 할 수 없다. 본 교실에서는 상악결손의 경조직 재건을 위해 견갑골, 두개골, 장골, 늑골, 쇄골등을 이용하는 여러 방법을 고려한 후, 측두근막에 연결된 두개골관으로 경조직을 형성한 후 비점막 피판으로 연조직을 재건하는 방법을 사용하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었기에 이에 복하는 바이다.
Choung, Yeonsook,Lee, Jongsung,Cho, Soyeon,Noh, Jaesang The Ecological Society of Korea 2020 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.44 No.3
Background: Most of the Pinus densiflora forests, occupying the largest area, have been restored in South Korea since the 1970s. As young pioneer forests, the succession process is under way. Since the forests are distributed nationwide and are vulnerable to disturbances, the process may differ depending on the geography and/or site conditions. Therefore, we reviewed the direction, the seral communities, and the late-successional species of progressive and disturbance-driven succession nationwide in the cool-temperate zone through meta-analysis and empirical observations. Main text: As a result of a meta-analysis of the direct succession and vertical structure, we found that the P. densiflora forest is in a directionally progressive succession, changing to the broadleaved forest after forming a mixed forest with its overwhelming successor, Quercus species (particularly Q. mongolica and Q. serrata). In dry stands in a relative sense, the Quercus species was favored occupying over 80% of the abundance of the succeeding species. Therefore, in dry stands, it is presumed that Quercus-dominated stage would last for a long time due to the current dominance and long life span, and eventually, it settles as Quercus-broadleaved forest with a site change. Contrary to this, it is presumed that in mesic stands where Quercus species do not occur or have low abundance, the late-successional broadleaved species settle early to form a co-dominant forest with multiple species. Due to geographical limits, the species composition of the two late-successional forests is different. Disturbances such as insect pests and fire retrogressed vulnerable P. densiflora forest for a while. However, it was mostly restored to the Quercus forest and is expected to be incorporated in the pathway of the dry stand. Conclusions: We revealed the succession process of P. densiflora forests according to geography and moisture and found that stand moisture had a decisive effect on the species and abundance of the successor. Although the P. densiflora forest is undergoing structural changes, the forest is still young; so within a few decades, physiognomy is not likely to change. Therefore, the decrease in the forest area may be due to other causes such as disturbances and forest conversion rather than due to succession.