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민영기,정윤석,박인철,조준필,탁승제 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Acute myocardial infarction after a bee sting is a very rare process. Among proposed mechanisms, vasospasm of the coronary artery ㅑs the most probable mechanism. Many mediators are included in the venom of wasps, and those mediators have vasoconstrictive properties and may constrict the coronary artery. Furthemore, those mediators have thrombogenic properties that lead to thrombogenesis in the coronary artery and aggravate myocardial ischemia. Epinephrine, commonly used in the management of anaphylactic shock, may further aggravate myocardial ischemia, We experienced two cases of acute myocardial infarction after a bee sting. In the first case, we could find no underlying abnormalities of the coronary vessel because the patient died during coronary angiography. In the second case, the electrocardiogram showed inferior wall myocardial infarction, but only mild stenosis of the right coronary artery was seen in coronary angiography.
A Review on Laboratory Experiments for Applications of Acoustic Emission and Micro-Seismicity
( In Tak Hwang ),( Sung Oh Cho ),( Desy Caesary ),( Myung Jin Nam ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Irreversible deformation due to stress releases energy in a form of wave, which is called as acoustic emission (AE) or Micro-seismicity (MS); AE signals are usually at higher frequencies than MS. Since AE and MS events are rapidly increased before the major failure of a medium, analyzing the events can monitor crack propagation not only large-scale structures such as dams, tunnels and underground spaces, but also deep bedrocks in shale gas production fields or enhanced geothermal systems. In order to enhance the crack monitoring activity, many laboratory experiments are performed to evaluate damage of structure and determine source location of the events by acquiring AE signals. AE parameters like count rate and cumulative AE energy are important in order to estimate degree of damage, while first arrival time is critical in determining source location. Those parameters are analyzed in many laboratory experiments based on pencil lead break test or destructive test. This paper aims to summarize and review laboratory experiments which have been made for the analysis of AE signals in various failure tests. This study was supported by KETEP under MOTIE (No. 20194010201920) and by KEITI under ME (No. 2018002440005).
Extraction of the Channel Mobility in InGaZnO TFTs Using Multifrequency Capacitance–Voltage Method
In-Tak Cho,Ick-Joon Park,Dongsik Kong,Dae Hwan Kim,Jong-Ho Lee,Sang-Hun Song,Hyuck-In Kwon IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.6
<P>In this letter, we propose a mobility-extraction method using the frequency-independent capacitances extracted from the multifrequency capacitance-voltage method in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). This method does not use the long-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) current-voltage ( I-V) model and can include the effect of subgap states on the calculation of the mobility. Considering that the I-V characteristics of the disordered semiconductor transistor do not exactly follow those of the long-channel MOSFET model and the subgap states significantly affect the electrical behavior of the disordered semiconductor transistors, the proposed method is expected to be useful in the extraction of the exact values of the mobilities in disordered semiconductor transistors including a-IGZO TFTs.</P>
In-Tak Cho,Woo-Seok Cheong,Chi-Sun Hwang,Jeong-Min Lee,Hyuck-In Kwon,Jong-Ho Lee IEEE 2009 IEEE electron device letters Vol.30 No.8
<P>A comparative study is made of the low-frequency noise (LFN) in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/SiN<SUB>x</SUB> gate dielectrics. The LFN is proportional to 1/f<SUP>gamma</SUP>, with gamma ~ 1 for both devices, but the normalized noise for the Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/SiN<SUB>x</SUB> device is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that for the Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> device. The mobility fluctuation is the dominant LFN mechanism in both devices, but the noise from the source/drain contacts becomes comparable to the intrinsic channel noise as the gate overdrive voltage increases in Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/SiN<SUB>x</SUB> devices. The SiN<SUB>x</SUB> interfacial layer is considered to be very effective in reducing LFN by suppressing the remote phonon scattering from the Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> dielectric. Hooge's parameter is extracted to ~6.0 times 10<SUP>-3</SUP> in Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/SiN<SUB>x</SUB> devices.</P>
1/f-Noise in AlGaN/GaN Nanowire Omega-FinFETs
Vodapally, Sindhuri,Jang, Young In,Kang, In Man,Cho, In-Tak,Lee, Jong-Ho,Bae, Youngho,Ghibaudo, Gerard,Cristoloveanu, Sorin,Im, Ki-Sik,Lee, Jung-Hee IEEE 2017 IEEE electron device letters Vol.38 No.2
<P>The low-frequency noise (LFN) characteristics of AlGaN/GaN FinFETs with omega-gate and combined two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and MOS conduction are investigated. It is found that LFN is dominated by carrier number fluctuations whatever the width of the fin. Charge trapping in narrow devices is one order of magnitude lower than in wide fin device. In narrow devices, the sidewall conduction prevails and the noisemainly stems fromthe carrier trapping in the sidewall Al2O3 gate dielectric. Instead, in wide fin devices, the top gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure dominates and the LFN is mostly governed by the carrier trapping in the GaN layer close to 2DEG channel.</P>
Serotoninergic modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission in developing rat CA3 pyramidal neurons
Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Kim, Jung-Tak,Park, Eun-Joo,Lee, Maan-Gee,Shin, Hong-In,Choi, Byung-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung Raven Press [etc.] 2007 Journal of neurochemistry Vol.103 No.6
<P>Abstract</P><P>Serotoninergic modulation of GABAergic mIPSCs was investigated in immature (postnatal 12–16-days old) rat CA3 pyramidal neurons using a conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (10 &mgr;mol/L) transiently and explosively increased mIPSC frequency with a small increase in the current amplitude. However, 5-HT did not affect the GABA-induced postsynaptic currents, indicating that 5-HT acts presynaptically to facilitate the probability of spontaneous GABA release. The 5-HT action on GABAergic mIPSC frequency was completely blocked by 100 nmol/L MDL72222, a selective 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptor antagonist, and mimicked by mCPBG, a selective 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptor agonist. The 5-HT action on GABAergic mIPSC frequency was completely occluded either in the presence of 200 &mgr;mol/L Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> or in the Na<SUP>+</SUP>-free external solution, suggesting that the 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptor-mediated facilitation of mIPSC frequency requires a Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>influx passing through voltage-dependent Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>channels from the extracellular space, and that presynaptic 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptors are less permeable to Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>. The 5-HT action on mIPSC frequency in the absence or presence of extracellular Na<SUP>+</SUP> gradually increased with postnatal development. Such a developmental change in the 5-HT<SUB>3</SUB> receptor-mediated facilitation of GABAergic transmission would play important roles in the regulation of excitability as well as development in CA3 pyramidal neurons.</P>
Jung-Kyu Lee,In-Tak Cho,Hyuck-In Kwon,Cheol Seong Hwang,Chan Hyeong Park,Jong-Ho Lee IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.7
<P>Low-frequency noise (LFN) characteristics have been studied in polycrystalline- TiO<SUB>x</SUB>-based resistive random access memories (RRAMs). LFNs are proportional to 1/<I>f</I> in high-resistance state (HRS), but those in low-resistance state (LRS) are proportional to 1/<I>f</I> only in less than ~100 Hz. The normalized noise power in HRS is around three orders of magnitude higher than that in LRS. Bias dependence of 1/<I>f</I> noise shows that the current conduction mechanisms from noise measurements are consistent with those from the current-voltage relationships in TiO<SUB>x</SUB>-based unipolar RRAM devices.</P>
Nasal Anthropometry on Facial Computed Tomography Scans for Rhinoplasty in Koreans
Moon, Kyung Min,Cho, Geon,Sung, Ha Min,Jung, Min Su,Tak, Kyoung Seok,Jung, Sung-Won,Lee, Hoon-Bum,Suh, In Suck Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2013 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.40 No.5
Background Cephalometric analysis is essential for planning treatment in maxillofacial and aesthetic facial surgery. Although photometric analysis of the Korean nose has been attempted in the past, anthropometry of the deeper nasal structures in the same population based on computerized tomography (CT) has not been published. We therefore measured three anthropometric parameters of the nose on CT scans in our clinical series of patients. Methods We conducted the current retrospective study of a total of 100 patients (n=100) who underwent a CT-guided radiological measurement at our institution during a period ranging from January of 2008 to August of 2010. In these patients, we took three anthropometric measurements: the nasofrontal angle, the pyramidal angle, and the linear distance between the nasion and the tip of the nasal bone. Results The mean nasofrontal angle was $131.14^{\circ}$ in the male patients and $140.70^{\circ}$ in the female patients. The mean linear distance between the nasion and the tip of the nasal bone was 21.28 mm and 18.02 mm, respectively. The mean nasal pyramidal angle was $112.89^{\circ}$ and $103.25^{\circ}$ at the level of the nasal root, $117.49^{\circ}$ and $115.60^{\circ}$ at the middle level of the nasal bone, and $127.99^{\circ}$ and $125.04^{\circ}$ at the level of the tip of the nasal bone, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, our data will be helpful in the preparation of silicone implants for augmentation and/or corrective rhinoplasty in ethnic Korean people.
Perfluorooctanoic acid alters T lymphocyte phenotypes and cytokine expression in mice
Son, Hee-Young,Lee, Soyoung,Tak, Eun-Nam,Cho, Hae-Sung,Shin, Hong-In,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Yang, Jae-Ho Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Environmental toxicology Vol.24 No.6
<P>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been used in commercial applications and detected in environmental matrices. This study focuses on whether PFOA affects the function of immune organs (spleen and thymus). Male ICR mice were exposed to 0, 2, 10, 50, and 250 ppm of PFOA in drinking water for 21 days. PFOA differently altered T lymphocyte populations. In the spleen, all doses of PFOA decreased CD8<SUP>+</SUP> lymphocytes; CD4<SUP>+</SUP> lymphocytes were increased by 50 and 250 ppm of PFOA. Exposure to 250 ppm of PFOA increased CD8<SUP>+</SUP> lymphocytes in the thymus. In the histopathological evaluation, the spleen of 250 ppm PFOA-treated groups revealed the increase of lymphoid hyperplasia of white pulp without significant alteration of red pulp. The thymus of 250 ppm PFOA-treated group showed decreased thickness of the cortex and medulla, but lymphoid cells were more densely arranged. PFOA elevated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) in the spleen, and proto-oncogene, c-myc, in the spleen and thymus. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that PFOA has an immunomodulatory effect by altering T lymphocyte phenotypes and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.</P>