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자연정화공법을 이용한 소형 축산폐수처리장치의 최적여재 선정
김아름(Ah-Reum Kim),김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),박종환(Jong-Hwan Park),김성헌(Sung-Hun Kim),이성태(Seong-Tae Lee),정태욱(Tae-Uk Jeong),최정호(Jeong-Ho Choi),김현욱(Hyunook Kim),조주식(Ju-Sik Cho),허종수(Jong-Soo Heo) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.2
소규모 축산농가로부터 발생되는 축산폐수를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 인공습지를 개발하기 위하여 인공습지에서 가장 중요한 인자 중 하나인 최적 여재의 선정에 관하여 연구하였다. 최적여재를 선정하기 위하여 여재를 왕사, 쇄석, 제올라이트 및 방해석으로 달리하여 충진한 후 각 여재별 축산폐수 처리효율 조사한 결과 COD 처리효율은 왕사가 다른 여재에 비하여 높았고, SS 처리효율은 모든 여재에서 94~95%로 큰 차이 없었다. 또한 T-N 처리효율은 제올라이트가 다른여재에 비해 높았고, T-P 처리효율은 방해석이 다른여재에 비해 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 COD,SS, T-N 및 T-P 모두를 안정적으로 처리할 수 있는 최적여재는 왕사였다. 소형 축산폐수처리장치에서 질소와 인 처리효율을 극대화 하기 위해 호기성조 (왕사:쇄석:방해석=3:2:1)와 혐기성조 (왕사:쇄석:제올라이트=3:2:1)에 혼합여재를 주입한 결과 최적 여재인 왕사에 비해 질소 및 인 처리효율이 각각 15% 및 7% 향상되었다. In order to develop livestock wastewater treatment technology by natural purification method, the optimum filter media in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus for treating livestock wastewater were studied. Removal rates of pollutants under different filter media were in the other of coarse sand ≒ broken stone > zeolite > calcite for COD, zeolite >> broken stone ≒ coarse sand ≒ calcite for T-N, and calcite > coarse sand ≒ broken stone ≒ zeolite for T-P. Based on the above results, the optimum filter media was coarse sand in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus. To meet acceptable effluent quality standard for livestock wastewater and to improve T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, removal efficiencies of pollutants in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with mixed filter media were studied. The removal rates of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in effluent were 84, 94, 65 and 98% in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus with mixed filter media, respectively. For increasing the T-N and T-P removals in small-scale livestock wastewater treatment apparatus, the mixed filter media are recommended.
Kim, Hee Jung,Yoon, Jungbin,Matsuura, Atsushi,Na, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Won-Kyu,Kim, Hyunook,Choi, Ji Woong,Park, Ji Eun,Park, Sung-Jean,Kim, Kyung Tae,Chang, Rakwoo,Lee, Byung Il,Yu, Yeon Gyu,Shin, Yeon-Kyu National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.40
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Germ cells possess the inherent ability to inactivate cell abscission through TEX14 (testis-expressed gene 14), and they may provide information on inactivation of the abscission in abnormal cells, including cancer cells. Structural and functional studies of how TEX14 inactivates germ cell abscission reveal that the AxGPPx<SUB>3</SUB>YxPP motif of TEX14 competitively binds to CEP55-EABR [endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and ALIX-binding region] to prevent the recruitment of ALIX, which is a component of the ESCRT machinery and which contains the AxGPPx<SUB>3</SUB>Y motif. Multiexperiment analyses of CEP55-EABR–TEX14 interactions showed how the TEX14 peptide binds dominantly to CEP55-EABR in the presence of ALIX and safeguards the intercellular bridges of germ cells.</P><P>Intercellular bridges are a conserved feature of spermatogenesis in mammalian germ cells and derive from arresting cell abscission at the final stage of cytokinesis. However, it remains to be fully understood how germ cell abscission is arrested in the presence of general cytokinesis components. The TEX14 (testis-expressed gene 14) protein is recruited to the midbody and plays a key role in the inactivation of germ cell abscission. To gain insights into the structural organization of TEX14 at the midbody, we have determined the crystal structures of the EABR [endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and ALIX-binding region] of CEP55 bound to the TEX14 peptide (or its chimeric peptides) and performed functional characterization of the CEP55–TEX14 interaction by multiexperiment analyses. We show that TEX14 interacts with CEP55-EABR via its AxGPPx<SUB>3</SUB>Y (Ala793, Gly795, Pro796, Pro797, and Tyr801) and PP (Pro803 and Pro804) sequences, which together form the AxGPPx<SUB>3</SUB>YxPP motif. TEX14 competitively binds to CEP55-EABR to prevent the recruitment of ALIX, which is a component of the ESCRT machinery with the AxGPPx<SUB>3</SUB>Y motif. We also demonstrate that a high affinity and a low dissociation rate of TEX14 to CEP55, and an increase in the local concentration of TEX14, cooperatively prevent ALIX from recruiting ESCRT complexes to the midbody. The action mechanism of TEX14 suggests a scheme of how to inactivate the abscission of abnormal cells, including cancer cells.</P>
Kim, Hyunook,Lee, Hyunjoo,Choi, Eunsun,Choi, Il,Shin, Taesub,Im, Hyungjoon,Ahn, Soobin Elsevier 2014 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.117 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Anaerobic biodegradation of sulfur-containing compounds always generates volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) including H<SUB>2</SUB>S, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS). VSC emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) result in odor complaints from people living nearby. To control odor-causing compounds in WWTPs, it is important to know the odor emission quantity particularly with continuous monitoring. Since modified activated sludge processes always include anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions for nutrient removal, odor emission from these different environmental settings is expected.</P> <P>In this study, continuous monitoring of VSCs from the headspace of an alternating aerobic and anoxic (AAA) activated sludge process via total reduced sulfur (TRS) analyzer was performed. There is clear pattern of the initial TRS peak immediately after the initiation of the aeration in the AAA system and TRS concentration begins to drop through the remaining air-on cycle. On the other hand, during the air-off period, TRS concentrations increase with time. In particular, a clear inflection point in the TRS profile could be observed after complete removal of nitrate during air-off, meaning more VSCs formation. Since the highest odor emission occurs after the initiation of aeration, the future control of exhausted air should only deal with air collected during the initial aeration period (e.g., 30min), a similar concept for the treatment of first flush in combined sewer overflow. In addition, application of a control scheme to initiate aeration immediately after denitrification is completed during air-off should be beneficial in reducing odor emission.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Odorous volatile sulfurs emitted from AAA system characterized. </LI> <LI> VSC peaks right after start of aeration for AAA system observed. </LI> <LI> More sulfur emission during air-on period than air-off observed. </LI> <LI> Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in influent on sulfur generation studied. </LI> <LI> Odor control schemes for both air on and off periods suggested. </LI> </UL> </P>
김현욱(Hyunook Kim) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
혐기 하에서 황을 포함한 유기물이 분해될 때에는 H2S, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide (DMS)과 같은 휘발성 황화합물들(VSCs)이 생성된다. 하수처리장에서 배출되는 VSCs는 처리장 주변 주민들로부터 악취 민원을 유발할 수 있다. 하수처리장의 대표적인 VSCs 배출원은 활성슬러지 공정이다. 하수처리장 악취 제어를 위해서는 이들 VSCs가 어떻게 활성슬러지에서 생성이 되어서, 대기 중으로 배출되는지에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 특히, 대한민국 정부는2000년대 후반부터 전국 하수처리장에 질소/인 제거를 요구하고 있다. 이에 활성슬러지 공정이 다양한 형태로 변형이 되고 있으며, 특히 혐기, 무산소, 호기 등의 환경변화가 되도록 설계하고 있다. 이번 연구발표에서는 혐기 혹은 무산소 반응환경과 호기성 반응 환경이 교호되는 간헐 호기/무산소 교호공정에서 배출되는 VSCs에 대해서 논의하고자 한다. 또한, 실시간 총유기황화물 (TRS) 가스 분석를 이용하여, VSCs의 배출제어 방법을 논의하고자 한다. 배출가스에 대한 TRS 모니터링을 통해서, TRS 가스의 시간별 배출 특성에서 특이성을 확인할 수 있었다. 매번 무산소공정이 종료되고, 폭기가 시작되는 시점에 TRS 센서는 큰 peak를 보였다. 또한, 무산소 시간에는 탈질 반응 종료되기 이전에는 TRS가 천천히 증가하였으나, 탈질 반응이 종료되고 난 이후에는 TRS 배출이 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 현 상은 시스템의 ORP와 관련이 있는 것임을 확인하였다.