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Clinical and radiologic preoperative predicting factors for GB cholesterol polyp
Hye-Lin Song,Jun-Ho Shin,Hungdai Kim,Yong-Lai Park,Chang-Hak Yoo,Byung-Ho Son,Ji-Sup Yoon,Hyung-Ook Kim 대한외과학회 2012 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.82 No.4
Purpose: To use the clinical and radiological data to differentiate non-cholesterol versus cholesterol gall bladder (GB) polyps, which can be useful in deciding the treatment of the patient. Methods: One hundred and eighty-seven patients underwent cholecystectomy for GB polyps of around 10 mm for 10 years, and were divided into two groups, cholesterol polyps (146 patients) and non-cholesterol polyps (41 patients) based on the postoperative pathological findings. Gender, age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), symptoms, laboratory findings, size, number of polyps, presence of GB stone and maximum diameter measured by preoperative ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and pathological diameter were subjected to comparative analysis. Results: Patients diagnosed with cholesterol polyps were younger in age and had higher BMI, and the total cholesterol levels and white blood cell levels were higher, but were not statistically significant. It was notable to see that 28.6% of the cholesterol polyps were not found in the preoperative CT yet the percentage of the undetectable rate was significantly lower (8%) in the non-cholesterol polyp group. There was a discrepancy in maximum diameters between the two radiological methods in both groups but the discrepancy was significantly larger in the cholesterol polyp group. Conclusion: The clinical signs that can be helpful to diagnose whether it is a cholesterol polyp or not are younger patients who have high BMI, polyps which are detectable only on the USG and large maximum diameters between the USG and CT. And if the discrepancy of the maximum diameter is lesser than 1mm the polyp may be considered as a non-cholesterol polyp.
모니터링을 통한 신재생에너지 적용 건물의 에너지 성능평가
송영학(Song Young-Hak),이건호(Lee Keon-Ho),이혜린(Lee Hye-Lin),김기태(Kim Ki-Tae) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2013 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.1
Increased energy prices and trying to decrease environmental loads have created many efforts to reduce the amount of energy consumed in buildings, and currently many nations are actively conducting research on passive houses, low-energy buildings and zero-energy buildings. On the other hand, the 2012 EXPO had been held in Yeosu, South Korea from May to August 2012, so this study will monitor energy consumption, which is going to be used for the period, targeting the Korea Exhibition, built with the concept of low and renewable energy. The building is located on the south coast of South Korea that usually shows high temperatures and humidity over seasonal changes and summer during the exhibition. The heat transmission coefficient of the outer walls and windows is designed as 0.15W/m²K and 1.8W/m²K respectively to minimize energy consumption and a geothermal heat pump is introduced as a key heat source to improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning. In addition, the power generation facilities are using renewable energy, including two 50kW hydrogen fuel cells, a 200kW photo voltaic array and two 3kW wind power generators, in order to enhance the self-reliance level of the building site. A simulation-based calculation using DOE-2 will be conducted in order to estimate the energy consumption during the exhibition and although the energy consumption could be seen as different according to usage case, it is shown as 827 to 998MWh/year and the energy production as 886 to 1,067MWh/year, thus zero energy consumption in the building site is expected to be carried out during the operation phase.
Choi, Jung-Hye,Chen, Chien-Lin,Poon, Song Ling,Wang, Hsin-Shih,Leung, Peter C K Published for the Society of Endocrinology by the 2009 Endocrine-related cancer Vol.16 No.1
<P>In addition to their critical roles in folliculogenesis and ovarian granulosa cell steroidogenesis, gonadotropins have been implicated as potential risk factors in ovarian epithelial carcinomas, most of which are derived from ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of FSH and LH in OSE and its neoplastic counterpart is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that gonadotropins promote the growth of OSE cells by regulating the levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via the activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways in immortalized human OSE (IOSE) cells. In this study, we investigated whether cAMP and its novel binding target, named exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), are involved in the gonadotropin-induced EGFR expression in OSE cells. Gonadotropins elevated intracellular cAMP levels in both IOSE and granulosa cells, and this increase was attenuated by SQ22536, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase (AC). The activation of the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways as well as the expression of EGFR was stimulated by reagents that elevate intracellular cAMP levels, via cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP and AC activator forskolin. A similar increase was observed when the cells were treated with a novel cAMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyl adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT-2ME-cAMP), which activates Epac specifically but not PKA. Moreover, the gonadotropin-induced EGFR expression and ERK1/2 and Akt activation were abolished by overexpression of dominant negative Epac. Taken together, these results indicate that the AC/cAMP/Epac signaling pathway may mediate the up-regulation of EGFR by gonadotropins via ERK1/2 and Akt activation.</P>
Kim, Eun Hye,Park, Hae-Jung,Han, Gye-Yeong,Song, Man-Ki,Pereboev, Alexander,Hong, Jeong S.,Chang, Jun,Byun, Young-Ho,Seong, Baik Lin,Nguyen, Huan H. American Society for Microbiology 2014 Journal of virology Vol.88 No.17
<P>Influenza vaccines aimed at inducing antibody (Ab) responses against viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) provide sterile immunity to infection with the same subtypes. Vaccines targeting viral conserved determinants shared by the influenza A viruses (IAV) offer heterosubtypic immunity (HSI), a broad protection against different subtypes. We proposed that vaccines targeting both HA and the conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) would provide protection against infection with the same subtype and also HSI against other subtypes. We report here that single intranasal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector encoding both HA of H5 virus and M2e (rAdH5/M2e) induced significant HA- and M2e-specific Ab responses, along with protection against heterosubtypic challenge in mice. The protection is superior compared to that induced by rAd vector encoding either HA (rAdH5), or M2e (rAdM2e). While protection against homotypic H5 virus is primarily mediated by virus-neutralizing Abs, the cross-protection is associated with Abs directed to conserved stalk HA and M2e that seem to have an additive effect. Consistently, adoptive transfer of antisera induced by rAdH5/M2e provided the best protection against heterosubtypic challenge compared to that provided by antisera derived from mice immunized with rAdH5 or rAdM2e. These results support the development of rAd-vectored vaccines encoding both H5 and M2e as universal vaccines against different IAV subtypes.</P><P><B>IMPORTANCE</B> Current licensed influenza vaccines provide protection limited to the infection with same virus strains; therefore, the composition of influenza vaccines has to be revised every year. We have developed a new universal influenza vaccine that is highly efficient in induction of long-lasting cross-protection against different influenza virus strains. The cross-protection is associated with a high level of vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved stalk domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ectodomain of matrix protein. The vaccine could be used to stimulate cross-protective antibodies for the prevention and treatment of influenza with immediate effect for individuals who fail to respond to or receive the vaccine in due time. The vaccine offers a new tool to control influenza outbreaks, including pandemics.</P>