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허혜경,이은현,이원희,소향숙,정복례,강은실 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Purpose: This study was to investigate symptom occurrence related to the disease characteristics of patients with cancer. Method: A total of 301 patients with cancer participated in this study. The participants were recruited from University Hospitals located in Seoul, Wonju, Kwangju, Daegu, and Pusan. Data collection was performed by using a questionnaire on symptom occurrence. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS computer program that included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and t-test. Result: The mean score of fatigue was the highest (3.24), followed by loss of appetite, lack of concentration, change in appearance, pain, insomnia, change in bowel pattern, nausea/vomiting, coughing, and dyspnea. Most symptoms were significantly correlated with each other. The level of symptom occurrence in patients with lung cancer or cervix cancer was significantly higher than the level in patients with stomach cancer. Patients receiving radiation therapy or a combined therapy of radiation therapy and chemotherapy experienced significantly higher level of symptom occurrence significantly higher level of symptom occurrence than those receiving chemotherapy only. Also, female patients experienced higher level of symptom occurrence than male patients did. Conclusion: The sites of cancer, types of treatment, and gender influence the level of symptom occurrence of patients with cancer. Thus, these variables should be considered when assessing and planing for symptom occurrence of patients with cancer.
Lee, Jong-Ho,Kim, Na-Hyang,Winstel, Volker,Kurokawa, Kenji,Larsen, Jesper,An, Jang-Hyun,Khan, Adnan,Seong, Min-Young,Lee, Min Ja,Andersen, Paal Skytt,Peschel, Andreas,Lee, Bok Luel American Society for Microbiology 2015 Infection and immunity Vol.83 No.11
<P>The cell envelopes of many Gram-positive bacteria contain wall teichoic acids (WTAs). <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> WTAs are composed of ribitol phosphate (RboP) or glycerol phosphate (GroP) backbones substituted with <SMALL>d</SMALL>-alanine and <I>N</I>-acetyl-<SMALL>d</SMALL>-glucosamine (GlcNAc) or <I>N</I>-acetyl-<SMALL>d</SMALL>-galactosamine (GalNAc). Two WTA glycosyltransferases, TarM and TarS, are responsible for modifying the RboP WTA with α-GlcNAc and β-GlcNAc, respectively. We recently reported that purified human serum anti-WTA IgG specifically recognizes β-GlcNAc of the staphylococcal RboP WTA and then facilitates complement C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis of <I>S. aureus</I> laboratory strains. This prompted us to examine whether anti-WTA IgG can induce C3 deposition on a diverse set of clinical <I>S. aureus</I> isolates. To this end, we compared anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis abilities using 13 different staphylococcal strains. Of note, the majority of <I>S. aureus</I> strains tested was recognized by anti-WTA IgG, resulting in C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis. A minority of strains was not recognized by anti-WTA IgG, which correlated with either extensive capsule production or an alteration in the WTA glycosylation pattern. Our results demonstrate that the presence of WTAs with TarS-mediated glycosylation with β-GlcNAc in clinically isolated <I>S. aureus</I> strains is an important factor for induction of anti-WTA IgG-mediated C3 deposition and opsonophagocytosis.</P>
KU, Bok-Kyung,KIM, Soon-Bok,MOON, Oun-Kyeong,LEE, Sang-Jin,LEE, Jong-Hwan,LYOO, Young-Soo,KIM, Hee-Jung,SUR, Jung-Hyang Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2005 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.67 No.11
<P>In this study, we performed experiments to evaluate the extend of the process of apoptotic cell death by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Apoptosis can also occur in some virus-infected cells, and ability of viruses to either inhibit or promote apoptosis may influence the pathologic outcome of infection. In this study, to determine if apoptosis plays a role in the outcome of FMDV infection in swine, we evaluated apoptosis in diseased tissues collected from pigs inoculated with two different stains of FMDV (O1 Campos and O Taiwan). And host cell DNA fragmentation in diseased tissue from animals which were infected with either virus was evaluated by occurrence of a laddering pattern characteristic of apoptosis. Infection of cultured keratinocytes from swine tongue failed to demonstrate apoptosis in the first few hours of infection, suggesting that cell-to-cell correlation between viral antigen and apoptotic changes, e.g. cytokine secretions by immune system cells, could be critical to initiating apoptosis. Consistent with this finding, we were able to detect the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in diseased tissues. A clear difference in the pathogenicity of the two different FMDV isolates to pigs was not demonstrated in our study.</P>
이향복 ( Hyang-bok Lee ),이행병 ( Haeng Byoung Lee ),이처영 ( Cheo Young Lee ),김은기 ( Eun-ki Kim ) 대한화장품학회 2007 대한화장품학회지 Vol.33 No.4
멜라닌은 UV로부터 피부를 보호하는 기능을 하며, 인종과 피부색을 결정하는 요인이다. 또한 미백 기능성 화장품개발의 주요 목표물이기도 하다. 최근 미와 관련된 화장품 시장이 급성장 하면서 미백효능 증대를 위한 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 있고, 보다 안전하고 효능을 극대화하기 위한 미백 기성화장품의 개발은 관심업계의 주력 분야이다. 또한 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 수단으로 지속적인 특허 출원이 따르고 있다. 특허는 관련업계의 연구경향을 파악할 수 있는 중요한 문헌이기도 하다. 본 논문에서는 미백 기능성화장품과 관련된 특허 분석을 통하여 관련 업계의 미백연구기술의 개발 동향을 소개하고 미백 기능성 화장품의 개발 및 활성성분의 원료개발에 대한 이해를 돕고자 한다. Melanin plays an important role in protecting human skin from UV radiation and determines the race and skin color. Melanin is also major target for developing skin-whitening cosmeceuticals. Recently, as the market size of skin-whitening cosmeceuticals has rapidly expanded, related researches and developments are also focused on maximizing the safety and efficacy. Also, patents of skin-whitening materials have been increasing steadily for ensuring the competitive power. Patent also shows the research trend of industry and institutes. In this review, we analyze the trend of research and development based on the patent application of skin-whitening cosmeceuticals.
공용접지방식의 철도시스템에서 지락고장시험에 의한 고장전류 분류 및 전위 분포 특성
유향복(Hyang-Bok Ryoo),임진옥(Jin-Og Eim),이형수(Hyung-Soo Lee),이성욱(Seong-Oug Lee),김주락(Joo-Rak Kim),차형주(Hyung-Ju Cha) 한국철도학회 2012 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5
전기철도시스템에서 전기설비는 가공전차선로, 전기차량 및 레일로 구성되는 고압 전력급전계통과 신호궤도회로, 본드 및 전철기, 각종 통신·제어설비, 열차통신을 위한 각종 무선설비, 기타 전원으로 사용되는 저압의 여러 가지 전기설비로 구성되어 있으며, 이러한 설비들은 모두 매설지선 접지전극에 공통으로 연결되어 있다. 공통(공용) 방식의 접지시스템에서 지락고장이 발생하면 고장전류가 대지로 흘러가므로 대지전위 분포가 나타나게 되어 전기설비의 내부 및 주변에 전위차가 발생하여 인체의 안전이나 설비의 절연에 위험을 초래하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 고통접지 방식의 철도시스템에서 인공으로 지락고장을 발생시켜서 고장전류의 분류 및 전위 분포 특성에 대하여 측정하고 분석하였다. Power supply system of electric railway is compose with distribution line, electric rolling stock, rail, track circuit of signal and communication, protection facilities and so on. All device of electric railway system is connected by buried earth wire. Power supply distribution systems are consisted of catenary condutcor, an overhead protective wire and a buried earth wire. Phase to ground faults are possible one of the maximum number of faults in the power distribution system of the electric railway. During a ground fault the maximum fault current and neutral to ground voltage will appear at the rail nearest to the fault. point. In this paper phase to ground faults were staged at the specified steel pole along the rail and measured the ground fault current distribution in the ground fault current, and measured potential nearest to the fault point.