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Li, Hong-Sheng,Chen, Jin-Hu,Zhang, Wei,Shang, Dong-Ping,Li, Bao-Sheng,Sun, Tao,Lin, Xiu-Tong,Yin, Yong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3
Objective: To evaluate the effect of intravenous contrast on dose calculation in radiation treatment planning for oesophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 22 intravein-contrasted patients with oesophageal cancer were included. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the enhanced blood stream in thoracic great vessels and heart was overridden with 45 HU to simulate the non-contrast CT image, and 145 HU, 245 HU, 345 HU, and 445 HU to model the different contrast-enhanced scenarios. 1000 HU and -1000 HU were used to evaluate two non-physiologic extreme scenarios. Variation in dose distribution of the different scenarios was calculated to quantify the effect of contrast enhancement. Results: In the contrast-enhanced scenarios, the mean variation in dose for planning target volume (PTV) was less than 1.0%, and those for the total lung and spinal cord were less than 0.5%. When the HU value of the blood stream exceeded 245 the average variation exceeded 1.0% for the heart V40. In the non-physiologic extreme scenarios, the dose variation of PTV was less than 1.0%, while the dose calculations of the organs at risk were greater than 2.0%. Conclusions: The use of contrast agent does not significantly influence dose calculation of PTV, lung and spinal cord. However, it does have influence on dose accuracy for heart.
Sun Hu-Nan,Fang Wan,Jin Mei-Hua,Han Ying-Hao,Kim Sun-Uk,Lee Sang-Han,Kim Nam-Soon,Kim Cheol-Hee,Lee Dong-Seok The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Scien 2004 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.10 No.4
Inflammatory factor such as Interleukin-1 play important roles in determining the fate of both acute and chronic neurological disorders. We investigated whether inhibitors of PKC or PTK can serve as pharmacological agents to reduce IL-I production and the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects in a mixed population of glia. Inhibitors of PKC such as H7, Go6976 and Ro31-8220 significantly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1α and IL-β in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary glial cells. While the PTK inhibitor genistein also significantly reduced the production of these cytokines, it did not affect the expression of their mRNA. Taken together, inhibitors of PKC and PTK could serve as pharmacological agents to reduce IL-1 production. However, the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects are different. Our results provide evidence that inhibitors of protein kinases can serve as pharmacological agents to modulate IL-1 production in glial cell, and in turn, alleviate neuronal injury.
Hu, Guang,Hu, Huasi,Yang, Quanzhan,Yu, Bo,Sun, Weiqiang Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.1
The traditional methods for radiation shield design always only focus on either the structure or the components of the shields rather than both of them at the same time, which largely affects the shielding performance of the facilities, so in this paper, a novel method for designing the structure and components of shields simultaneously is put forward to enhance the shielding ability. The method is developed by using the genetic algorithm (GA) and the MCNP software. In the research, six types of shielding materials with different combinations of elements such as polyethylene (PE), lead (Pb) and Boron compounds are applied to the radiation shield design, and the performance of each material is analyzed and compared. Then two typical materials are selected based on the experiment result of the six samples, which are later verified by the Compact Accelerator Neutron Source (CANS) facility. By using this method, the optimal result can be reached rapidly, and since the design progress is semi-automatic for most procedures are completed by computer, the method saves time and improves accuracy.
Hu, Xi,Sun, Jihong,Li, Fangyuan,Li, Ruiqing,Wu, Jiahe,He, Jie,Wang, Nan,Liu, Jianan,Wang, Shuaifei,Zhou, Fei,Sun, Xiaolian,Kim, Dokyoon,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Ling, Daishun American Chemical Society 2018 Nano letters Vol.18 No.2
<P>Although metallic nanomaterials with high X-ray attenuation coefficients have been widely used as X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, their intrinsically poor biodegradability requires them to be cleared from the body to avoid any potential toxicity. On the other hand, extremely small-sized nanomaterials with outstanding renal clearance properties are not much effective for tumor targeting because of their too rapid clearance in vivo. To overcome this dilemma, here we report on the hollow bismuth subcarbonate nanotubes (BNTs) assembled from renal-clearable ultrasmall bismuth subcarbonate nanoclusters for tumor-targeted imaging and chemoradiotherapy. The BNTs could be targeted to tumors with high efficiency and exhibit a high CT contrast effect. Moreover, simultaneous radio- and chemotherapy using drug-loaded BNTs could significantly suppress tumor volumes, highlighting their potential application in CT imaging-guided therapy. Importantly, the elongated nanotubes could be disassembled into isolated small nanoclusters in the acidic tumor microenvironment, accelerating the payload release and kidney excretion. Such body clearable CT contrast agent with high imaging performance and multiple therapeutic functions shall have a substantial potential for biomedical applications.</P>
Hu-Nan Sun,Wan Fang,Mei-Hua Jin,Ying-Hao Han,Sun-Uk Kim,Sang-Han Lee,Nam-Soon Kim,Cheol-Hee Kim,Dong-Seok Lee 대한의생명과학회 2004 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.10 No.4
Inflammatory factor such as Interleukin-1 play important roles in determining the fate of both acute and chronic neurological disorders. We investigated whether inhibitors of PKC or PTK can serve as pharmacological agents to reduce IL-1 production and the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects in a mixed population of glia. Inhibitors of PKC such as H7, G?6976 and Ro31-8220 significantly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1α and IL-β in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary glial cells. While the PTK inhibitor genistein also significantly reduced the production of these cytokines, it did not affect the expression of their mRNA. Taken together, inhibitors of PKC and PTK could serve as pharmacological agents to reduce IL-1 production. However, the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects are different. Our results provide evidence that inhibitors of protein kinases can serve as pharmacological agents to modulate IL-1 production in glial cell, and in tum, alleviate neuronal injury.
Hu, Dong,Ran, Yu-Liang,Zhong, Xing,Hu, Hai,Yu, Long,Lou, Jin-Ning,Sun, Li-Xing,Yang, Zhi-Hua Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2006 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.39 No.6
Proteins that are unfolded or misfolded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) must be targeted for refolding or degradation to maintain the homeostasis of the ER. Derlin-1 was reportedly implicated in the retro-translocation of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol for degradation. In this report, we showed that Derlin-1 was down-regulated in the endothelial cells derived from human hepatic cavernous hemangioma (CHEC) compared with other tested cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed that ER was aberrantly enlarged in CHEC cells, but not in other tested cells. When overexpressed, Derlin-1 induced the dilated ER to return normal size. This ER dynamic was associated with the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). In CHEC cells where Derlin-1 was down-regulated, increased expression of the immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (Bip) and UPR-specific splicing of X-box DNA-binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA were detected, as compared with that in other tested cells, indicating that UPR was activated. After Derlin-1 overexpression, the extent of UPR activation diminished, as evidenced by decreased expression of Bip, reduced amount of the spliced form of XBP1 ($XBP1_S$), and elevated expression of the unspliced form of XBP1 ($XBP1_U$). Taken together, these findings provide another example of a single protein being able to affect ER dynamic in mammalian cells, and an insight into the possible molecular mechanism(s).
Hu Jinchao,Li Xu,Hu Weiming,Xu Qimin,Huyue Sun 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.6
Decision-making is the “brain” of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and is vitally critical to the safety of CAVs. The most of driving data used to train the decision-making algorithms is collected in general traffic conditions. Existing decision-making methods are difficult to guarantee safety in challenging traffic conditions, namely severe congestion and accident ahead. In this context, a semi-supervised decision-making algorithm is proposed to improve the safety of CAVs in challenging traffic conditions. To be specific, we proposed the expert-generative adversarial imitation learning (E-GAIL) that integrates imitation learning and deep reinforcement learning. The proposed E-GAIL is deployed in roadside unit (RSU). In the first stage, the decision-making knowledge of the expert is imitated using the real-world data collected in general traffic conditions. In the second stage, the generator of E-GAIL is further reinforced and achieves self-learn decision-making in the simulator with challenging traffic conditions. The E-GAIL is tested in general and challenging traffic conditions. By comparing the evaluation metrics of time to collision (TTC), deceleration to avoid a crash (DRAC), space gap (SGAP) and time gap (TGAP), the E-GAIL greatly outperforms the state-of-the-art decision-making algorithms. Experimental results show that the E-GAIL not only make-decision for CAVs in general traffic conditions but also successfully enhances the safety of CAVs in challenging traffic conditions.
Sun, Cunhua,Li, Xuehua,Hu, Yulong,Zhao, Pingyi,Xu, Tian,Sun, Jian,Gao, Xiali Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.5
Drought is a severe abiotic stress that affects global crop production. A drought model was created for 'Toyonoka' Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa, and the effects of drought stress on contents of proline, sugars, and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated. Strawberry transplants with identical growth were chosen for the experiments and the randomized design included four replications (10 plants per block). The experimental sets differed in the moisture level of the culture medium relative to the range of moisture content as follows: control, 70-85%; mild drought stress, 50-60%; moderate drought stress, 40-50%; and severe drought stress, 30-40%. Drought stress was imposed by limiting irrigation. Plants were sampled and physiological parameters w ere measured on 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after the commencement of droughts tress. The water potential of strawberry leaves decreased in the plants under mild, moderate, and severe stress during the course of the water stress treatment and exhibited a significant difference from the control. Strawberry leaves subjected to drought stress had higher accumulation of proline, sugars, and malondialdehyde, and higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase than leaves of control plants. Malondialdehyde levels increased in parallel with the severity and duration of drought stress. By contrast, antioxidant enzyme activity displayed dynamic responses to drought stress, first increasing and subsequently decreasing as the severity and duration of drought stress increased. These results suggest that strawberry plants respond to drought stress by altering the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of osmotically active metabolites. These biochemical response changes may confer adaptation to drought stress and improve the capacity of plants to withstand water-deficit conditions.
Sun, Hu-Nan,Kim, Sun-Uk,Huang, Song Mei,Kim, Jin-Man,Park, Young-Ho,Kim, Seok-Ho,Yang, Hee-Young,Chung, Kyoung-Jin,Lee, Tae-Hoon,Choi, Hoon Sung,Min, Ju Sik,Park, Moon-Ki,Kim, Sang-Keun,Lee, Sang-Rae Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of Neurochemistry Vol.114 No.1
<P><I>J. Neurochem</I>. (2010) <B>114</B>, 39–50.</P><P>Abstract</P><P>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) actively participate in microglia-mediated pathogenesis as pro-inflammatory molecules. However, little is known about the involvement of specific antioxidants in maintaining the microglial oxidative balance. We demonstrate that microglial peroxiredoxin (Prx) 5 expression is up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through activation of the ROS-sensitive signaling pathway and is involved in attenuation of both microglial activation and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Unlike in stimulation of oxidative insults with paraquat and hydrogen peroxide, Prx V expression is highly sensitive to LPS-stimulation in microglia. Reduction of ROS level by treatment with either NADPH oxidase inhibitor or antioxidant ablates LPS-mediated Prx V up-regulation in BV-2 microglial cells and is closely associated with the activation of the c-<I>jun</I> N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. This suggests the involvement of ROS/JNK signaling in LPS-mediated Prx V induction. Furthermore, NO induces Prx V up-regulation that is ablated by the addition of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or deleted mutation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-stimulated microglia. Therefore, these results suggest that Prx V is induced by cooperative action among the ROS, RNS, and JNK signaling cascades. Interestingly, knockdown of Prx V expression causes the acceleration of microglia activation, including augmented ROS generation and JNK-dependent NO production. In summary, we demonstrate that Prx V plays a key role in the microglial activation process through modulation of the balance between ROS/NO generation and the corresponding JNK cascade activation.</P>