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Hippocampal neural correlates for values of experienced events.
Lee, Hyunjung,Ghim, Jeong-Wook,Kim, Hoseok,Lee, Daeyeol,Jung, MinWhan The Society 2012 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.32 No.43
<P>Newly experienced events are often remembered together with how rewarding the experiences are personally. Although the hippocampus is a candidate structure where subjective values are integrated with other elements of episodic memory, it is uncertain whether and how the hippocampus processes value-related information. We examined how activity of dorsal CA1 and dorsal subicular neurons in rats performing a dynamic foraging task was related to reward values that were estimated using a reinforcement learning model. CA1 neurons carried significant signals related to action values before the animal revealed its choice behaviorally, indicating that the information on the expected values of potential choice outcomes was available in CA1. Moreover, after the outcome of the animal's goal choice was revealed, CA1 neurons carried robust signals for the value of chosen action and they temporally overlapped with the signals related to the animal's goal choice and its outcome, indicating that all the signals necessary to evaluate the outcome of an experienced event converged in CA1. On the other hand, value-related signals were substantially weaker in the subiculum. These results suggest a major role of CA1 in adding values to experienced events during episodic memory encoding. Given that CA1 neuronal activity is modulated by diverse attributes of an experienced event, CA1 might be a place where all the elements of episodic memory are integrated.</P>
Lee, Minho,Heo, Eunyoung,Lim, Heesook,Lee, Jun Young,Weon, Sangho,Chae, Hoseok,Hwang, Hee,Yoo, Sooyoung Korean Society of Medical Informatics 2015 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.21 No.1
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>We aimed to develop a common health information exchange (HIE) platform that can provide integrated services for implementing the HIE infrastructure in addition to guidelines for participating in an HIE network in South Korea.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>By exploiting the Health Level 7 (HL7) Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Cross-enterprise Document Sharing-b (XDS.b) profile, we defined the architectural model, exchanging data items and their standardization, messaging standards, and privacy and security guidelines, for a secure, nationwide, interoperable HIE. We then developed a service-oriented common HIE platform to minimize the effort and difficulty of fulfilling the standard requirements for participating in the HIE network. The common platform supports open application program interfaces (APIs) for implementing a document registry, a document repository, a document consumer, and a master patient index. It could also be used for testing environments for the implementation of standard requirements.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>As the initial phase of implementing a nationwide HIE network in South Korea, we built a regional network for workers' compensation (WC) hospitals and their collaborating clinics to share referral and care record summaries to ensure the continuity of care for industrially injured workers, using the common HIE platform and verifying the feasibility of our technologies.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>We expect to expand the HIE network on a national scale with rapid support for implementing HL7 and IHE standards in South Korea.</P>
Vancomycin-related Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis in a Patient with Cervical Cancer
Lee, Mi Suk,Lee, Byeongmahn,Kim, Dong In,Cho, Kun-Hyung,Cha, Heejeong,Suh, Hoseok 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.1
선상 IgA 수포성 피부병(linear IgA bullous dermatosis; LABD)은 기저막대 항원에 대한 IgA 자가항체에 의해 발생하는 질환이다. IgA 자가항체의 생성 기전은 아직 명확하지 않으며 발생 원인에 따라 특발성과 약제 유발성으로 나누며 자가면역 질환, 악성 종양과 연관되어 나타나기도 한다. 저자들은 내원 1년 전 자궁경부암으로 치료받은 후 추적 관찰 중 요추부위 골수염이 의심되어 입원한 48세 여자에서 vancomycin 사용과 관련되어 발생한 LABD 1예를 보고하는 바다. 환자는 척수 골수염의 치료를 위해 vancomycin을 5일째 투여받던 중갑자기 체간부에서 긴장성 수포가 발생하였으며 피부 조직의 직접 면역 형광검사에서 기저막대 층에 선상의 IgA 침착이 있어 LABD로 진단되었다. 본 증례에서 원인 약제인 vancomycin 중단과 스테로이드, dapsone의 병합 사용 후에도 수포 발생이 계속 지속되었는데 기저 질환인 자궁 경부암의 재발 및 인근 척추 전이가 뒤늦게 발견되어 LABD의 유발에 약제뿐만 아니라 자궁 경부암에 의한 종양연관 피부병이 함께 관여한 것으로 사료된다. LABD is an autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease which is characterized by linear deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) in the basement membrane. The definite pathogenesis of LABD is still unknown. Some cases of LABD have been associated with drugs. Vancomycin is the most commonly implicated drug. Although LABD is a relatively rare adverse reaction of vancomycin, it is important for clinicians to be aware of this reaction because the use of vancomycin is increasing along with the increase in the incidence of MRSA infections.
이호석(Hoseok Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.7
원가계산은 국방조달물자의 가격을 결정하는 행위이다. 국방비의 효율적인 사용과 조달참여업체에 대한 보상은 최종적으로 원가계산을 통해 이루어 진다. 원가계산의 가장 중요한 원칙은 합리성과 공정성이며, 이를 실무적으로 실현하기 위한 명확한 기준이 필요하다.. 본 연구는 방산물자 지정과 원가계산규칙 적용의 관계에 대해 새로운 관점을 제시하였다. 그것은 방산물자원가계산규칙이 방산물자지정의 부가적인 혜택이 아니라 본질이라는 것이다. 이런 관점은 원가계산규칙 적용에 있어 보다 분명한 기준을 제공해 준다고 할 것이다.
Elaborate Refresh: A Fine Granularity Retention Management for Deep Submicron DRAMs
Seol, Hoseok,Shin, Wongyu,Jang, Jaemin,Choi, Jungwhan,Lee, Hakseung,Kim, Lee-Sup IEEE 2018 IEEE Transactions on Computers Vol.67 No.10
<P>As the DRAM cell size continues to shrink, the proportion of leaky cells is increasing. As a result, the prior approaches, called retention aware refresh, which skip unnecessary refresh operations for non-leaky cells, are unable to skip as many refresh operations as before. The large granularity of the DRAM refresh mechanism makes this problem more serious. Specifically, even when there are only a small number of leaky cells in a particular retention group, that group is classified as a leaky group. Because of that, many non-leaky cells that also belong to that group are refreshed at an unnecessarily frequent rate. Since the granularity of the retention group is larger, this inefficiency becomes huge. To solve this problem, we propose a novel retention aware refresh approach called Elaborate Refresh, to reduce the granularity of the retention group further. The key idea of the Elaborate Refresh is to store leaky row addresses per each chip, and refresh different leaky row in each chip simultaneously. By doing so, Elaborate Refresh reduces the overhead of the leaky group refresh 16 times. In addition, Elaborate Refresh stores retention information in the DRAM chip, thus saving the refresh energy, even in the self-refresh mode when the memory controller cannot control the DRAM.</P>
Choi, Hoseok,Lee, Jeyeon,Park, Jinsick,Lee, Seho,Ahn, Kyoung-ha,Kim, In Young,Lee, Kyoung-Min,Jang, Dong Pyo IOP 2018 Journal of neural engineering Vol.15 No.1
<P> <I>Objective</I>. In arm movement BCIs (brain–computer interfaces), unimanual research has been much more extensively studied than its bimanual counterpart. However, it is well known that the bimanual brain state is different from the unimanual one. Conventional methodology used in unimanual studies does not take the brain stage into consideration, and therefore appears to be insufficient for decoding bimanual movements. In this paper, we propose the use of a two-staged (effector-then-trajectory) decoder, which combines the classification of movement conditions and uses a hand trajectory predicting algorithm for unimanual and bimanual movements, for application in real-world BCIs. <I>Approach</I>. Two micro-electrode patches (32 channels) were inserted over the dura mater of the left and right hemispheres of two rhesus monkeys, covering the motor related cortex for epidural electrocorticograph (ECoG). Six motion sensors (inertial measurement unit) were used to record the movement signals. The monkeys performed three types of arm movement tasks: left unimanual, right unimanual, bimanual. To decode these movements, we used a two-staged decoder, which combines the effector classifier for four states (left unimanual, right unimanual, bimanual movements, and stationary state) and movement predictor using regression. <I>Main results</I>. Using this approach, we successfully decoded both arm positions using the proposed decoder. The results showed that decoding performance for bimanual movements were improved compared to the conventional method, which does not consider the effector, and the decoding performance was significant and stable over a period of four months. In addition, we also demonstrated the feasibility of epidural ECoG signals, which provided an adequate level of decoding accuracy. <I>Significance</I>. These results provide evidence that brain signals are different depending on the movement conditions or effectors. Thus, the two-staged method could be useful if BCIs are used to generalize for both unimanual and bimanual operations in human applications and in various neuro-prosthetics fields.</P>