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Hoffman, Daniel J. The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.
Recent economic changes throughout the world, either development or crises and recessions, have prompted a host of nutrition related problems, including a decreased prevalence of undernutrition, an increase in the prevalence of diet related diseases, widespread food insecurity as crop prices increase, and so on. In addition, evidence is mounting that suggests that exposure to poor nutrition early in life is a predisposing factor for chronic diseases in adulthood. Thus, the role of international or community nutrition professionals is vital to not only studying and understanding the interplay between economics, food policy, and health, but also to improving the ability to intervene and prevent many problems related to food insecurity in developed and developing countries. The purpose of this review is to outline and describe these issues as a means to open discussion on how to best alleviate major nutrition problems in the world.
Applications of Polymers in Bioseparations and Delivery of Biomolecules
Hoffman, Allan S. The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 1986 의공학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Polymers are widely applied in bioseparation processes as well as in drug delivery systems. These two fields have a certain commonality, in that they involve either removal or delivery of specific biomolecules from or to an aqueous environment It is also to be noted that therapeutic toxin renloval is an example of a bioseparation process. This presentation will focus on the use of polys!ors in physical as well as biospecific separations and delivery of biomolecules. Several new systems will also be described.
Costs involved in compliance with new endoscope reprocessing guidelines
David Hoffman,Christina Cool 대한소화기내시경학회 2024 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.57 No.4
Background/Aims: In March 2022, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) released the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/AAMI ST91:2021, their latest update on comprehensive, flexible, and semirigid endoscope reprocessing. These updated standards recommend the sterilization of high-risk endoscopes when possible and provide new recommendations for the precleaning, leak testing, manual cleaning, visual inspection, automated reprocessing, drying, storage, and transport of endoscopes. Methods: ANSI/AAMI ST91:2021 was compared with ANSI/AAMI ST91:2015 for major reprocessing differences that result in either time and/or cost increases. Time estimates were captured by explicit recommendation inclusion or taken from the literature. All the costs were estimated using publicly available resources. Results: The updated standards represent a potential 24.3-minute and 52.35 to 67.57 United States dollars increase per procedure in terms of reprocessing time and spending, respectively, not including capital investments. Capital costs per procedure were highly dependent on the procedure volume of the facility. Conclusions: The new AAMI standards recommend several major changes, such as sterilization, for facilities to reprocess and manage endoscopes between uses. As more facilities increase their reprocessing methods to reflect the updated standards, they do so at a cost and introduce several delays. As the reprocessing landscape evolves, facilities should consider their true costs and alternative solutions, such as single-use endoscopes.
What’s So Peaceful about Asian Peace?
Blake Hoffman,Paul F Diehl,Andrew Owsiak,Gary Goertz,Yahve Gallegos Institute for International Trade and Cooperation, 2018 Asian International Studies Review Vol.19 No.1
Previous work on an Asian peace has been imprecise on where, when, and why it occurs. This study examines different levels of state-based peace starting with the absence of war; unlike other treatments, however, we examine the incidence of civil war as well as the traditional interstate war. We then consider a more stringent threshold for peace, focusing on the absence or diminution of violent conflicts short of war, specifically incidents of militarized disputes and lesser conflicts. Finally, we look a broader conception of peace (“positive peace”) and examine all state relationships in Asia along a peace scale, which ranges from serious rivalries to negative peace to integrated security communities. Our findings indicate the strongest evidence for Asian peace with respect to avoiding interstate war. Nevertheless, there are significant conflicts involving violence and the threat of military force that persist in the region. A number of rivalries, many of them long-standing, continue to raise the specter of war. In addition, positive peace in Asia is rare for interstate relations and isolated to a few states for internal peace.
The Effects of Informational Complexity and Working Memory on Problem-Solving Efficiency
Bobby Hoffman,Matthew T. McCrudden,Gregory Schraw,Kendall Hartley 서울대학교 교육연구소 2008 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.9 No.4
This study investigated the influence of informational complexity and working memory capacity oil problem-solving efficiency, We examined two predictions of the situational efficiency hypothesis, which states efficiency of problem solving varies as a function of situational constraints. One prediction is that informational complexity affects problem-solving efficiency. A second prediction is that working memory capacity affects problem-solving efficiency. Students completed a working memory task and solved abstract and concrete syllogisms. Participants solved abstract syllogisms more accurately than concrete syllogisms and spent more time solving abstract syllogisms. Thus participants demonstrated greater problem-solving efficiency when solving concrete syllogisms. Results indicate that there is a trade-off between problem-solving accuracy and problem-solving time when information differs with respect to informational complexity, a phenomenon we refer to as the efficiency paradox. Working memory capacity did not affect accuracy or efficiency. The results support the conclusion that problem-solving efficiency is situational and a function of the complexity of information. Educational implications and directions for future research are suggested.
Quaternion-based Robust Trajectory Tracking Control of a Quadrotor Hover System
Derek Hoffman,Muhammad Rehan,William MacKunis,Mahmut Reyhanoglu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.6
This paper presents a robust nonlinear output feedback control method that achieves three degree of freedom (3-DOF) attitude trajectory tracking of a hover system test bed. The proposed control method formally incorporates dynamic model uncertainty in addition to test bed voltage constraints. To reduce the computational requirement in the closed-loop system, constant feedforward estimates of the input-multiplicative parametric uncertainty are utilized in lieu of adaptive parameter estimates. To eliminate the need for angular rate measurements, the control design employs a bank of dynamic filters, which operates as a velocity estimator in the closed-loop system. A rigorous error system development and Lyapunov-based stability analysis are presented to prove asymptotic 3-DOF attitude trajectory tracking control. Computer simulation and experimental results are also included to illustrate the performance of the attitude control method using the Quanser 3-DOF hover system test bed.