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Kim, Shin Ae,Das, Sumit,Lee, Howon,Kim, Junghoon,Song, Yun Mi,Kim, In Sook,Byun, Kyung Min,Hwang, Soon Jung,Kim, Sung June Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.108 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Matrix mineralization is a terminal process in osteoblast differentiation, and several approaches have been introduced to characterize the process in tissues or cultured cells. However, an analytical technique that quantitates in vitro matrix mineralization of live cells without any labeling or complex treatments is still lacking. In this study, we investigate a simple and enhanced optical method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection that can monitor the surface‐limited refractive index change in real‐time. During monitoring MC3T3‐E1 cells in vitro culture every 2 days for over 4 weeks, the SPR angle is shifted with a greater resonance change in cells cultured with osteogenic reagents than those without the reagents. In addition, the SPR results obtained have a close relevance with the tendency of conventional mineralization staining and an inductively coupled plasma‐based calcium content measure. These results suggest a new approach of a real‐time SPR monitoring in vitro matrix mineralization of cultured cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1473–1478. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
실제 및 시뮬레이션 환경에서의 적대적 공격 기법 연구 동향
김용수(Yongsu Kim),윤영여(Youngyeo Yun),강효은(Hyoeun Kang),김명길(Myeongkil Kim),김호원(Howon Kim) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.2
딥러닝 기술은 지속적인 발전을 통해 실생활에 다양하게 적용되고 있지만, 악의적인 데이터를 주입하여 오작동하게 만드는 적대적 공격에 취약한 것으로 밝혀져 큰 위협이 되고 있다. 특히, 기존 연구에서 발전하여 실제 환경이나 이와 유사한 시뮬레이션 환경에서 딥러닝 모델을 공격할 수 있는 연구가 많이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 실제 및 시뮬레이션 환경에서의 적대적 공격 기법 연구 동향을 조사하여, 향후 실생활에 큰 위협이 되는 적대적 공격에 대한 효과적인 방어 연구를 진행하는 데 기여하고자 한다.
Plasmonic nano lithography with a high scan speed contact probe
Kim, Yongwoo,Kim, Seok,Jung, Howon,Lee, Eungman,Hahn, Jae W. The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.22
<P>We demonstrate plasmonic lithography with an optical contact probe to achieve high speed patterning without external gap distance control between the probe and the photoresist. The bottom surface of the probe is covered with a 10 nm thickness silica glass film for the gap distance control and coated with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to reduce friction between the probe and the photoresist. We achieve a patterning resolution of ~50 nm and a patterning speed of ~10 mm/s. We obtain the quality of line patterning comparable to that in conventional optical lithography.</P>
Howon Kim,Youngtae Sung,Euisoon Jeong J-INSTITUTE 2022 Regulations Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: This study comprehensively identified which of the sub-Factor s of organizational fairness they per-ceived had a positive effect on organizational effectiveness. In addition, this study verified how power distance tendency, an individual characteristic variable, affects the relationship between their job satisfaction, organiza-tional commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. Method: The scope and method of this study are as follows. First, the time range of the study ran from Decem-ber 1, 2020 until December 30, 2020, and the spatial range of the study was the Daegu Metropolitan Police Agency, 10 police stations affiliated, and 31 patrol divisions within the police station. Second, as for the method of the study, a reference study and an empirical study were concurrently conducted via a questionnaire survey. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that the organizational fairness perceived by police officers had a significant positive effect on organizational effectiveness. Second, in the influence of power distance tendency on organizational effectiveness, it was found that the higher the power distance tendency, the more negative effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: The implications of this study are as follows. First, the establishment of a fair police organizational culture should precede. Second, in order to ensure that individual police officers have an active and positive attitude in enhancing organizational effectiveness, organizational efforts should be made to resolve complaints based on compensation results. Third, it is necessary to solve operational problems by receiving expert diagnoses on the operation of the performance-based pay system of the police organization and to actively collect and reflect the opinions of police officers who are subject to application.
Programming magnetic anisotropy in polymeric?microactuators
Kim, Jiyun,Chung, Su Eun,Choi, Sung-Eun,Lee, Howon,Kim, Junhoi,Kwon, Sunghoon Nature Publishing Group 2011 Nature materials Vol.10 No.10
Polymeric microcomponents are widely used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and lab-on-a-chip devices, but they suffer from the lack of complex motion, effective addressability and precise shape control. To address these needs, we fabricated polymeric nanocomposite microactuators driven by programmable heterogeneous magnetic anisotropy. Spatially modulated photopatterning was applied in a shape-independent manner to microactuator components by successive confinement of self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles in a fixed polymer matrix. By freely programming the rotational axis of each component, we demonstrate that the polymeric microactuators can undergo predesigned, complex two- and three-dimensional motion.
Kim, Howon,Chang, Yun Hee,Lee, Soon-Hyeong,Kim, Yong-Hyun,Kahng, Se-Jong American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.10
<P>Controlling and sensing spin states of magnetic molecules at the single-molecule level is essential for spintronic molecular device applications. Here, we demonstrate that spin states of Co–porphyrin on Au(111) can be reversibly switched over by binding and unbinding of the NO molecule and can be sensed using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS). Before NO exposure, Co–porphryin showed a clear zero-bias peak, a signature of Kondo effect in STS, whereas after NO exposures, it formed a molecular complex, NO–Co–porphyrin, that did not show any zero-bias feature, implying that the Kondo effect was switched off by binding of NO. The Kondo effect could be switched back on by unbinding of NO through single-molecule manipulation or thermal desorption. Our density functional theory calculation results explain the observations with pairing of unpaired spins in d<SUB><I>z</I><SUP>2</SUP></SUB> and ppπ* orbitals of Co–porphyrin and NO, respectively. Our study opens up ways to control molecular spin state and Kondo effect by means of enormous variety of bimolecular binding and unbinding reactions on metallic surfaces.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-10/nn4039595/production/images/medium/nn-2013-039595_0007.gif'></P>
Probing Single-Molecule Dissociations from a Bimolecular Complex NO–Co-Porphyrin
Kim, Howon,Chang, Yun Hee,Jang, Won-Jun,Lee, Eui-Sup,Kim, Yong-Hyun,Kahng, Se-Jong American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.7
<P>Axial coordinations of diatomic NO molecules to metalloporphyrins play key roles in dynamic processes of biological functions such as blood pressure control and immune response. Probing such reactions at the single molecule level is essential to understand their physical mechanisms but has been rarely performed. Here we report on our single molecule dissociation experiments of diatomic NO from NO-Co-porphyrin complexes describing its dissociation mechanisms. Under tunneling junctions of scanning tunneling microscope, both positive and negative energy pulses gave rise to dissociations of NO with threshold voltages, +0.68 and -0.74 V at 0.1 nA tunneling current on Au(111). From the observed power law relations between dissociation rate and tunneling current, we argue that the dissociations were inelastically induced with molecular orbital resonances by stochastically tunneling electrons, which is supported with our density functional theory calculations. Our study shows that single molecule dissociation experiments can be used to probe reaction mechanisms in a variety of axial coordinations between small molecules and metalloporphyrins.</P>