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The Anti-Polar Structure of CH3NH3PbBr3
Hiroyuki Mashiyama,Y Kawamura,Y Kubota 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.2I
The orthorhombic phase IV of MAPbBr3 was investigated by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction data from the powdered crystal measured by using a Debye-Scherrer camera. The diffraction pattern at 115 K was fitted by using a Rietveld method to refine the structural parameters. Some orthorhombic space groups, as well as monoclinic space groups, were tried to fit the data. The crystal symmetry was assigned as Pnma(Z = 4), a nonpolar space group with a = 7.976, b = 11.841 and c = 8.565 °A. The crystal structure of phase IV can be derived from cubic phase I, but not from tetragonal phase II. The polar MA ions are located in an anti-parallel way to cancel the polarization. The successive transitions are discussed from structural viewpoints.
Mechanisms of ASR surface cracking in a massive concrete cylinder
Kagimoto, Hiroyuki,Yasuda, Yukihiro,Kawamura, Mitsunori Techno-Press 2015 Advances in concrete construction Vol.3 No.1
Relative humidity and strains within a massive concrete cylinder (${\varphi}450mm{\times}900mm$) in the drying and the re-saturating process were measured for elucidating the process of ASR surface cracking in concrete. The expansion behavior of mortars in dry atmospheres with various R.H. values and the resaturating process was revealed. Non- or less-expansive layers were formed in near-surface regions in the concrete cylinder in the drying process, but ASR expansions actively progressed in inner portions. After resaturating, R.H. values of near-surface regions rapidly increased with time, but expansions in the regions were found to be very small. However, in the middle portions, of which R.H. values were kept 80% ~ 90% R.H. in the drying process, expansion actively progressed, resulting in further development of surface cracks in the re-saturating process.
Kouichi Kawamura,Atushi Fujiwara,Mitsuya Yamada,Wataru Furukawa,Jun Kurita,Hiroyuki Okamoto 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.6
The bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) is a notorious exotic fish, which causes serious damages to freshwater ecosystems in the world. Therefore, it is a matter of urgency to control this species for the conservation of ecosystem. New microsatellite loci were developed for L. macrochirus using high throughput 454 GS-FLX+ pyrosequencing. We selected 24 primer pairs that were tested on 47 individuals from Lake Biwa, which encompasses the oldest and largest population of L. macrochirus in Japan. Allele per locus varied 2–17. Expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.185 to 0.888 and 0.120 to 0.872, respectively. Applied to L. macrochirus in Lake Biwa, these markers could detect genetic differentiation among populations, which showed a pattern of isolation by distance. These markers are expected to be useful in the estimation of population structure and ecology of L. macrochirus.
Detached plasma control by H- / D- negative ion in divertor simulator
akira Tonegawa,Hiroyuki YAZAWA,Kazutaka KAWAMURA,Masataka ONO,Syusaku MAETA 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
We have developed a new way to stably maintain a detached hydrogen or deuterium plasma based on feedback control of the relative negative-ion (H.or D.) density in the linear divertor plasma simulator, TPD-SheetIV. Measurements of the relative negative ion density, nH.or nD., heat load to the target plate, Q, and the secondary gas-flow rate, Gdiv, were carried out as a function of neutral pressure in the plasma. The detached plasma is steadily maintained in the region of the target plate by rapidly varying Gdiv so as to maximize the value of the n.Hor n.Dand to keep the gas pressure constant. The new system has achieved the goal of reducing both Q and the amount of Gdiv in a detached plasma without radiative and three-body recombination processes.
Observation of disossiative recombination in the hydrogen sheet plasma
akira Tonegawa,Hiroie MATSUMOTO,Hiroyuki YAZAWA,Kazutaka KAWAMURA,Masataka ONO,Takehisa SHIBUYA 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The experimental observation of dissociative recombination in Molecular Assisted Recombination (MAR) for hydrogen detached plasma has been studied in the linear divertor plasma simulator, TPD-SheetIV. Measurements of the relative concentrations of atomic and molecular ions (nH+, n+ H2, and n+ H3), electron density (ne), electron temperature (Te), and heat load to the target plate (Q) were carried out in hydrogen detached plasma with hydrogen gas puff at varying discharge current. An “omegatron” mass analyzer, situated behind a small hole of the endplate, is used for analyzing ion species. It is shown from these results that the dominant molecular process is a dissociative recombination process via H+ 2 , H+ 3 in the plasma over the range of low plasma density (<5 × 1018 m.3) and low hydrogen pressure (<4 mTorr). In contrast, molecular assisted dissociation (MAD) always dominates over the MAR in the high density plasma (>5 × 1018 m.3).
Algorithm detecting low arousal states of car drivers based on the driver’s eye blinking pattern
Keisuke Suzuki,Kiichi Yamada,Yumie Minakami,Hiroyuki Kawamura 대한인간공학회 2010 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.5
In this study, five kinds of state variables characterizing the eye blinking behavior for detecting low arousal level of car drivers were investigated. This investigation was carried out in a driving simulator for clarifying what kind of state variables are useful for designing the algorithm of awaking alarm, in terms of minimizing the missing alarms in low arousal condition and the excess alarms in awaking condition simultaneously. In applying the ratio regarding closing/opening time of eyelid and the variation of this ratio for designing the algorithm, the time frequency of the missing alarms was approximately 1.5 % and extremely lower than the conditions when the algorithm was based on the other state variables like the total time for eye closing or the opening rate of eyelid. The excess alarms in applying this algorithm are also lower than the other algorithms. An effectiveness of awaking alarm based on this algorithm was also evaluated and clarified that the awaking effects by the acoustic alarm evaluated in terms of the fluctuation of RRI (ECG) was not sufficient, and the methodology for awaking the driver should be studied.