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( Kristy Swiderski ),( Rebecka Bindon ),( Jennifer Trieu ),( Timur Naim ),( Shana Schokman ),( Mathusi Swaminathan ),( Anita J L Leembruggen ),( Elisa L Hill-yardin ),( Rene Koopman ),( Joel C Bornste 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.1
Background/Aims Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy exhibit significant, ongoing impairments in gastrointestinal (GI) function likely resulting from dysregulated nitric oxide production. Compounds increasing neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and/or activity could improve GI dysfunction and enhance quality of life for dystrophic patients. We used video imaging and spatiotemporal mapping to identify GI dysfunction in mdx dystrophic mice and determine whether dietary intervention to enhance nitric oxide could alleviate aberrant colonic activity in muscular dystrophy. Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/10 and mdx mice received a specialized diet either with no supplementation (control) or supplemented (1 g/kg/day) with L-alanine, L-arginine, or L-citrulline for 8 weeks. At the conclusion of treatment, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and colon motility examined by spatiotemporal (ST) mapping ex vivo. Results ST mapping identified increased contraction number in the mid and distal colon of mdx mice on control and L-alanine supplemented diets relative to C57BL/10 mice (P < 0.05). Administration of either L-arginine or L-citrulline attenuated contraction number in distal colons of mdx mice relative to C57BL/10 mice. Conclusions GI dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been sadly neglected as an issue affecting quality of life. ST mapping identified regional GI dysfunction in the mdx dystrophic mouse. Dietary interventions to increase nitric oxide signaling in the GI tract reduced the number of colonic contractions and alleviated colonic constriction at rest. These findings in mdx mice reveal that L-arginine can improve colonic motility and has potential therapeutic relevance for alleviating GI discomfort, improving clinical care, and enhancing quality of life in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH
Shi, Y.J.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, J.M.,Ko, W.H.,Diamond, P.H.,Yi, S.,Ida, K.,Lee, K.D.,Jeong, J.H.,Seo, S.H.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Bae, Y.S.,Terzolo, L.,Yun, G.S.,Bitter, M.,Hill, K. IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.1
<P>The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG → TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.</P>
Svenningsen, Per,Andersen, Kenneth,Thuesen, Anne D,Shin, Hee-Sup,Vanhoutte, Paul M,Skøtt, Ole,Jensen, Boye L,Hill, Caryl,Hansen, Pernille B L Springer-Verlag 2014 Pfl ugers Arch Vol.466 No.12
<P>Voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in the vascular excitation-contraction mechanism and regulation of arterial blood pressure. It was hypothesized that T-type channels promote formation of nitric oxide from the endothelium. The present experiments determine the involvement of T-type channels in depolarization-dependent dilatation of mesenteric arteries and blood pressure regulation in Cav3.1 knock-out mice. Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation following depolarization-mediated vasoconstriction was reduced significantly in mesenteric arteries from Cav3.1(-/-) compared to wild type mice. Four days of systemic infusion of a nitric oxide (NO)-synthase-inhibitor to conscious wild type elicited a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure that was absent in Cav3.1(-/-) mice. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence labeling showed co-localization of Cav3.1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in arteries from wild type mice. Nitric oxide release measured as DAF fluorescence and cGMP levels were significantly lower in depolarized Cav3.1(-/-) compared to wild type arteries. In summary, the absence of T-type Cav3.1 channels attenuates NO-dependent dilatation in mesenteric arteries in vitro, as well as the hypertension after L-NAME infusion in vivo. Furthermore, Cav3.1 channels cluster with eNOS and promote formation of nitric oxide by the endothelium. The present findings suggest that this mechanism is important for the systemic impact of NO on peripheral resistance.</P>
L. Oxborrow,Helen Goworek,S. Claxton,T. H. Cooper,H. Hill,A. McLaren 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07
Clothing longevity supports sustainability, but the paper questions the implementation of this strategy. The research, based on industry and expert experiences, posits the technical possibility of achieving longer-lasting clothing, but identifies norms of agency and interaction within the global clothing supply chain as factors limiting the business case and processes.
Hill, Christopher M.,DeBusk, Hunter,Simpson, Jeffrey D.,Miller, Brandon L.,Knight, Adam C.,Garner, John C.,Wade, Chip,Chander, Harish Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.3
Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.
Christopher M. Hill,Hunter DeBusk,Jeffrey D. Simpson,Brandon L. Miller,Adam C. Knight,John C. Garner,Chip Wade,Harish Chander 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.3
Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a 2×2×3 withinsubject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.