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新羅 文書木簡의 기초적 검토 – 신 출토 월성해자 목간을 중심으로
HASHIMOTO Shigeru 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2021 嶺南學 Vol.- No.77
This paper reviews document wooden tablets of Silla. The term ‘document’ in the broad sense are documents, records and letters prepared by various government offices, but here we deal with the document in the narrow sense on which the sender and receiver are written. In order to clarify the characteristics and the changes in document wooden tablets of Silla, it is important to compare with those of ancient Japan, such as Jeonbaek mokkan. First of all, we will examine the text and contents of the wooden tablets recently unearthed at the moat of the Wolseong Palace. The contents of the three-sided wooden tablet were that a ‘Dangju’, local government official, sent grain to a government official in the capital, and it is presumed that ‘Sobaekin’ came to the capital and reported it. The document wooden tablets of Silla were, just like Japanese Jeonbaek mokkan, presumed to be related to oral communication and mainly used as report to higher officials. At the same time, it is confirmed that there are differences between the two. The sender and date are written on Silla's document, but not on Japanese ones. The shape of Japanese documents are tabular, while Silla’s ones are cylindrical or polyhedrons. It is likely that these morphological features were designed to make it easier to understand that they were documents. In particular, large ones are assumed to have served as passes. ‘Muncheok’ who wrote a wooden tablet of the moat of the Wolseong Palace is same as the government post found in the stone monuments of Namsansinseong fortress, indicating that local residents were responsible for the administration of documents widely in the provinces. And a comparison between the Three Kingdoms Period and the Unification Period reveals a change in the method of date marking. Such a change can be confirmed in ancient Japan too, but there is a difference in the appearance of the change. Such difference is presumed to be due to differences in the method of introducing the political system of China. 본고는 신라의 문서목간을 검토대상으로 한다. 여기서 문서목간이란 여러 관청에서 작성된 문서, 기록, 편지 가운데 수발 관계를 알 수 있는 협의의 문서목간을 말한다. 신라 문서목간의 특징이나 시대적 변화를 밝히기 위해 고대 일본의 문서목간인 前白木簡과 비교하는 것을 중시한다. 먼저 최근에 출토된 월성 해자 목간의 판독문과 내용을 검토했다. 삼면목간은 지방관인 당주가 왕경에 있는 관인에게 곡물을 보냈다는 내용이며 ‘所白人’은 왕경까지 와서 보고한 사람으로 추정된다. 신라 문서목간은 일본의 전백목간처럼 구두전달과 관계된다고 생각되며 주로 上申文書로 사용되었다. 한편 전백목간과 달리 발신자나 날짜를 명기한다는 등 차이점도 확인된다. 목간의 형태도 전백목간은 판자형인데 신라 문서목간은 원주형목간이나 다면목간이다. 이러한 형태적 특징은 문서라는 것을 쉽게 알 수 있도록 의도적으로 만든 것일 가능성이 크다. 특히 크기가 큰 것은 통행증의 역할을 했을 것으로 추정된다. 월성해자 목간을 쓴 文尺은 남산신성비에 나오는 職名과 똑같으며 지방민이 지방에서 널리 문서행정을 담당한 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 삼국시대와 통일기 문서목간을 비교해 보면 날짜 표기 서식에 변화가 있다. 이러한 변화는 고대 일본에서도 보이는 상황이지만 변화 양상에는 차이가 있다. 이러한 차이는 중국의 율령제를 도입하는 방식의 차이에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.
Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Bacteriorhodopsin and Its Photointermediates
Hashimoto, Shinji Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy was used to elucidate the dynamic change of the protein structure of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) during the photocycle. The photointermediates minus light- adapted (LA) BR difference spectra show Trp difference signals, which are assigned to Trp189 or Trp182 on helix F by using the mutants, W182F and W189F. The Difference signals of Trp 182 indicates an increase in hydrogen bonding strength at the indole nitrogen and a large change in the side chain conformation (X$\^$2,1/ torsion angle) in the M$_1$ \longrightarrow M$_2$ transition. On the other hand, Trp189 shows an increased hydrophobic interaction. These results suggest that the tilt of helix F occurs in the M$_1$\longrightarrow M$_2$ transition. In the M$_2$ \longrightarrow N transition, the hydrophobic interaction of Trp182 decreases drastically, The decrease in hydrophobic interaction of Trp182 in the N state suggests an invasion of water molecules that promote the proton transfer from Asp96 to the Schiff base. Structural reorganization of the protein after the tilt of helix F may be important for efficient reprotonation of the Schiff base.
Hashimoto, Gaku,Ono, Kenji,Okuda, Hiroshi Techno-Press 2012 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.5 No.3
We apply a partitioned-solution (iterative-staggered) coupling method based on a fixed Eulerian mesh with the level set function to a large-deformation fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem where a large-deformable thin structure moves in a high-speed flow field, as an airbag does during deployment. This method combines advanced fluid and structure solvers-specifically, the constrained interpolation profile finite element method (CIP-FEM) for fluid Eulerian mesh and large-deformable structural elements for Lagrangian structural mesh. We express the large-deformable interface as a zero isosurface by the level set function, and introduce virtual nodes with level sets and structural normal velocities to generate the level set function according to the large-deformable interfacial geometry and enforce the kinematic condition at the interface. The virtual nodes are located in the direction normal to the structural mesh. It is confirmed that application of the method to unfolded airbag deployment simulation shows the adequacy of the method.
Hashimoto, Takashi,Nishimura, Takuma,Lim, Jong Min,Kim, Dongho,Maeda, Hiromitsu Wiley (John WileySons) 2010 Chemistry Vol.16 No.38
<P>Bidipyrrin-bridged macrocycles, prepared from Ni(II)-bridged dipyrrin-based nanorings by intramolecular oxidative biaryl coupling reactions, yielded [2+4]-type Zn(II)-assisted stable twisted-ring dimers comprising two double helices. These [2+4]-type metal complexes can be optically resolved by chiral HPLC and exhibit tunable electronic and optical properties as a result of spring-like motions. The double helices behave as glue to connect two macrocycles and as the screws of hinges to form thermally responsive synchronized spring systems.</P>
Hashimoto, Gaku,Noguchi, Hirohisa Techno-Press 2008 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.1 No.2
In this study, we investigate the discontinuous-derivative treatment at the gas-liquid interface in underwater explosion (UNDEX) problems by using the Moving Least Squares-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (MLS-SPH) method, which is known as one of the particle methods suitable for problems where large deformation and inhomogeneity occur in the whole domain. Because the numerical oscillation of pressure arises from derivative discontinuity in the UNDEX analysis using the standard SPH method, the MLS shape function with Discontinuous-derivative Basis Function (DBF) that is able to represent the derivative discontinuity of field function is utilized in the MLS-SPH formulation in order to suppress the nonphysical pressure oscillation. The effectiveness of the MLS-SPH with DBF is demonstrated in comparison with the standard SPH and conventional MLS-SPH though a shock tube problem and benchmark standard problems of UNDEX of a trinitrotoluene (TNT) charge.
Hashimoto, Yoshio,Tashiro, Akimasa,Shinozaki, Takashige,Ishii, Hiaeo,Kawatate, Kazuo The Korean Society of Oceanography 2002 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.37 No.3
We have been measuring the voltage differences by using submarine cables in the Tsushima and in the Tokara Straits. The aim of these measurements is to estimate the volume transports of the ocean currents through those straits. In this paper, the voltage differences are compared with the corresponding sea level and air pressure differences between straits. Especially in the Tsushima Strait, the voltage difference is consistent with the air pressure difference as well as the sea level difference.