활동적인 일본 남자에서 노화가 HbAIc에 미치는 영향

Hashimoto 대한당뇨병학회 1995 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.19 No.4

Some Considerations on Developments in Reliabili~ Maintainability and Manning Indices for Engine Systems During the Past 30 Years in Japan - and the Future

Hashimoto, T.,Harada, T.,Kume, K. The Korean Society of Marine Engineering 1993 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.17 No.5

A marine engine system (MES) should be evaluated by not only reliability (R) but also maintainability (M) and manning index (MI), because this system can be recognised as a typical man-machine system. In 1977 at the first ICMES Conference in Paris one of the authors presented a total evaluation of the MES with the three indices, R, M, MI, proving the human ability of detecting faults and defects in this system. This paper describes how the MES has developed from the point of view of the above three indices during the past 30 years in Japan and its problems in the future, and arrives at the following conclusions : the reliability of the MES has developed due to quality control (QC) ; the maintainability of the MES has improved due to education and training ; the manning index of the MES has improved due to Rand M ; the availability of the MES has kept constant due to the decreasing complement onboard, at the rate of one person per year approximately ; and two esimations having the three indices were shown by the SRIC 1990 Data Base in Japan, for the two kinds of subsystems in the developed MES.

Some Trends of Marine Engineering and Shipbuilding in Asia (reliability investigation works and their evaluation indices)

Hashimoto, Takeshi The Korean Society of Marine Engineering 1996 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.20 No.3

In Asia countries the productions of ship building and marine engines have been increasing, specially Japanese marine industries have worked hard after 1960s and Korean ones after 1980s. Recently the other countries, as Taiwan and China, have been working so that these hour Asian countries are occuping the high level of shared ratio of productions for gross tonnages and horse powers, which are 74 and 64[%] of the world ones ($8.6\times10$+6[GT], $8.6\times10$+6[PS]) in 1994. Korean industries had the highest shared ratio of production of tanker vessel and 2 stroke diesel engine as 45[%]($2.2\times10$+6[GT]) and 37[%]($1.0\times10$+6[PS]) which were more than those of Japan as 34 and 16[%] in 1989 respectively. Some marine databases and their network links among Asian countries are proposed due to the posibility of collection and analyses with their own specifications by the marine industries and operators as well as Japanese ship reliability investigation works(SRIW) like SRIC in Japan. During 1966 and 1996 16 times of SRIW in Japan have been carried out by ship reliability investigation group(SRIG) in Japan. There have been collected and evaluated a great number of field data of failures and maintenances($700\times10$+3[occ], $1.6\times10$+6[MH}) during running hours($13.4\times10$+6[Hrs]), from which many kinds of evaluation indices could be gotten as the three indices of occurring rate$\lambda$(52.2[occ/1000Hrs]), average man-hour mh(2.29[MH/occ]) and manning index MI(119[MH/1000Hrs]). An estimation example having the three indices$\lambda$, mh and MI were shown by the SRIC 1990 Data Base in Japan for the two kinds of fuel oil suppling subsystems which are dual fuel oil one(DFOS) and mono fuel oil one(MFOS). Three indices MI, and mh for DFOS and MFOS results in 7.16 and 5.20[MH/1000Hrs], 2.63 and 2.06[occ/1000 Hrs]. Therefore the more simple subsystem MFOS can save approximately 30[%] of maintenance load. Finlly an utilization methods are shown for the SRIC in Japan by means of computer system and worlwide internet links.

新羅 文書木簡의 기초적 검토 – 신 출토 월성해자 목간을 중심으로

HASHIMOTO Shigeru 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2021 嶺南學 Vol.- No.77

This paper reviews document wooden tablets of Silla. The term ‘document’ in the broad sense are documents, records and letters prepared by various government offices, but here we deal with the document in the narrow sense on which the sender and receiver are written. In order to clarify the characteristics and the changes in document wooden tablets of Silla, it is important to compare with those of ancient Japan, such as Jeonbaek mokkan. First of all, we will examine the text and contents of the wooden tablets recently unearthed at the moat of the Wolseong Palace. The contents of the three-sided wooden tablet were that a ‘Dangju’, local government official, sent grain to a government official in the capital, and it is presumed that ‘Sobaekin’ came to the capital and reported it. The document wooden tablets of Silla were, just like Japanese Jeonbaek mokkan, presumed to be related to oral communication and mainly used as report to higher officials. At the same time, it is confirmed that there are differences between the two. The sender and date are written on Silla's document, but not on Japanese ones. The shape of Japanese documents are tabular, while Silla’s ones are cylindrical or polyhedrons. It is likely that these morphological features were designed to make it easier to understand that they were documents. In particular, large ones are assumed to have served as passes. ‘Muncheok’ who wrote a wooden tablet of the moat of the Wolseong Palace is same as the government post found in the stone monuments of Namsansinseong fortress, indicating that local residents were responsible for the administration of documents widely in the provinces. And a comparison between the Three Kingdoms Period and the Unification Period reveals a change in the method of date marking. Such a change can be confirmed in ancient Japan too, but there is a difference in the appearance of the change. Such difference is presumed to be due to differences in the method of introducing the political system of China. 본고는 신라의 문서목간을 검토대상으로 한다. 여기서 문서목간이란 여러 관청에서 작성된 문서, 기록, 편지 가운데 수발 관계를 알 수 있는 협의의 문서목간을 말한다. 신라 문서목간의 특징이나 시대적 변화를 밝히기 위해 고대 일본의 문서목간인 前白木簡과 비교하는 것을 중시한다. 먼저 최근에 출토된 월성 해자 목간의 판독문과 내용을 검토했다. 삼면목간은 지방관인 당주가 왕경에 있는 관인에게 곡물을 보냈다는 내용이며 ‘所白人’은 왕경까지 와서 보고한 사람으로 추정된다. 신라 문서목간은 일본의 전백목간처럼 구두전달과 관계된다고 생각되며 주로 上申文書로 사용되었다. 한편 전백목간과 달리 발신자나 날짜를 명기한다는 등 차이점도 확인된다. 목간의 형태도 전백목간은 판자형인데 신라 문서목간은 원주형목간이나 다면목간이다. 이러한 형태적 특징은 문서라는 것을 쉽게 알 수 있도록 의도적으로 만든 것일 가능성이 크다. 특히 크기가 큰 것은 통행증의 역할을 했을 것으로 추정된다. 월성해자 목간을 쓴 文尺은 남산신성비에 나오는 職名과 똑같으며 지방민이 지방에서 널리 문서행정을 담당한 것을 알 수 있다. 그리고 삼국시대와 통일기 문서목간을 비교해 보면 날짜 표기 서식에 변화가 있다. 이러한 변화는 고대 일본에서도 보이는 상황이지만 변화 양상에는 차이가 있다. 이러한 차이는 중국의 율령제를 도입하는 방식의 차이에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Bacteriorhodopsin and Its Photointermediates

Hashimoto, Shinji Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2

Ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy was used to elucidate the dynamic change of the protein structure of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) during the photocycle. The photointermediates minus light- adapted (LA) BR difference spectra show Trp difference signals, which are assigned to Trp189 or Trp182 on helix F by using the mutants, W182F and W189F. The Difference signals of Trp 182 indicates an increase in hydrogen bonding strength at the indole nitrogen and a large change in the side chain conformation (X$\^$2,1/ torsion angle) in the M$_1$ \longrightarrow M$_2$ transition. On the other hand, Trp189 shows an increased hydrophobic interaction. These results suggest that the tilt of helix F occurs in the M$_1$\longrightarrow M$_2$ transition. In the M$_2$ \longrightarrow N transition, the hydrophobic interaction of Trp182 decreases drastically, The decrease in hydrophobic interaction of Trp182 in the N state suggests an invasion of water molecules that promote the proton transfer from Asp96 to the Schiff base. Structural reorganization of the protein after the tilt of helix F may be important for efficient reprotonation of the Schiff base.

Complement Distribution and Complement Factivity of “NO”

Hashimoto, Osamu,Kikuchi, Sonomi 한국일본언어문화학회 2021 일본언어문화 Vol.56 No.-

The following are revealed regarding the correspondence relationship, which primarily exists between the presence of factivity in O case complements and the complementizers NO and KOTO in modern Japanese. a. The presence or absence of factivity in O case complements and the selection of NO or KOTO complementizers is not a one-to-one relationship; however, under certain conditions, a correlation exists between the allowance of the NO complement and complement factivity. b. The correlation is as follows: generally, higher tolerance of NO in a tensed complement allowing KOTO results in a stronger factive interpretation of the complement. Based on the behavior related to the above, it is therefore appropriate to separate the predicates into four types as follows. Type A :represented by “kateisuru(suppose)” Type B: represented by “noberu(state,claim)” Type C :represented by “tsutaeru(tell,report)” Type D: represented by “zannengaru(regret)” Type D, Type C, Type B and Type A bring the higher factive interpretation to complement proposition in that order, in parallel, NO in type D, Type C, Type B and Type A Indicates a higher acceptability in that order.

Surgical Treatment of Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer

Hashimoto, Tadayoshi,Kurokawa, Yukinori,Mori, Masaki,Doki, Yuichiro The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2018 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.18 No.3

Although the incidence of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma has been increasing worldwide, no standardized surgical strategy for its treatment has been established. This study aimed to provide an update on the surgical treatment of GEJ adenocarcinoma by reviewing previous reports and propose recommended surgical approaches. The Siewert classification is widely used for determining which surgical procedure is used, because previous studies have shown that the pattern of lymph node (LN) metastasis depends on tumor location. In terms of surgical approaches for GEJ adenocarcinoma, a consensus was reached based on two randomized controlled trials. Siewert types I and III are treated as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer, respectively. Although no consensus has been reached regarding the treatment of Siewert type II, several retrospective studies suggested that the optimal treatment strategy includes paraaortic LN dissection. Against this background, a Japanese nationwide prospective trial is being conducted to determine the proportion of LN metastasis in GEJ cancers and to identify the optimal extent of LN dissection in each type.

Strong sonic hedgehog signaling in the mouse ventral spinal cord is not required for oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) generation but is necessary for correct timing of its generation

Hashimoto, Hirokazu,Jiang, Wen,Yoshimura, Takeshi,Moon, Kyeong-Hye,Bok, Jinwoong,Ikenaka, Kazuhiro Elsevier 2018 Neurochemistry International Vol.119 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the mouse neural tube, sonic hedgehog (Shh) secreted from the floor plate (FP) and the notochord (NC) regulates ventral patterning of the neural tube, and later is essential for the generation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). During early development, the NC is adjacent to the neural tube and induces ventral domains in it, including the FP. In the later stage of development, during gliogenesis in the spinal cord, the pMN domain receives strong Shh signaling input. While this is considered to be essential for the generation of OPCs, the actual role of this strong input in OPC generation remains unclear. Here we studied OPC generation in <I>bromi</I> mutant mice which show abnormal ciliary structure. Shh signaling occurs within cilia and has been reported to be weak in <I>bromi</I> mutants. At E11.5, accumulation of <I>Patched1</I> mRNA, a Shh signaling reporter, is observed in the pMN domain of wild type but not <I>bromi</I> mutants, whereas expression of <I>Gli1</I> mRNA, another Shh reporter, disappeared. Thus, Shh signaling input to the pMN domain at E12.5 was reduced in <I>bromi</I> mutant mice. In these mutants, induction of the FP structure was delayed and its size was reduced compared to wild type mice. Furthermore, while the p3 and pMN domains were induced, the length of the Nkx2.2-positive region and the number of Olig2-positive cells decreased. The number of OPCs was also significantly decreased in the E12.5 and E14.5 <I>bromi</I> mutant spinal cord. In contrast, motor neuron (MN) production, detected by HB9 expression, significantly increased. It is likely that the transition from MN production to OPC generation in the pMN domain is impaired in <I>bromi</I> mutant mice. These results suggest that strong Shh input to the pMN domain is not required for OPC generation but is essential for producing a sufficient number of OPCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Induction of the floor plate structure is attenuated in E12.5 <I>bromi</I> mutants. </LI> <LI> Shh signaling input to the pMN domain is insufficient in <I>bromi</I> mutants. </LI> <LI> Motor neuron generation increases at E12.5 by <I>bromi</I> mutation. </LI> <LI> Oligodendrocyte precursor cell number decreases in the embryonic <I>bromi</I> spinal cord. </LI> </UL> </P>

Chemical speciation of silver (Ag) in soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: Ag nanoparticles vs. ionic Ag

Hashimoto, Yohey,Takeuchi, Satoshi,Mitsunobu, Satoshi,Ok, Yong-Sik Elsevier 2017 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.322 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigated how silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and ionic silver (AgNO<SUB>3</SUB>) undergo phase-transformations in soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. After 30 days of aerobic incubation, 88% of AgNP added to the soil remained persistent, whereas AgNO<SUB>3</SUB> was completely transformed into Ag associated with humus and clay minerals. In the anaerobic soil, 83% of the spiked AgNP was transformed into Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S, accompanied by significant decrease in water- and acid-extractable Ag fractions. About 50% of AgNO<SUB>3</SUB> spiked to the anaerobic soil underwent transformations into metallic Ag and associations with clay minerals. Oxide (Ag<SUB>2</SUB>O) and carbonate (Ag<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>) forms of Ag were not predominant in aerobic and anaerobic soils. The redox potential of soil had a profound effect on determination of the phase-transformation pathways for AgNP and ionic Ag.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigated how AgNP and ionic Ag undergo phase-transformations in soils. </LI> <LI> 88% of AgNP remained persistent after 30 day of aerobic soil. </LI> <LI> In the anaerobic soil, 83% of the spiked AgNP was transformed into Ag<SUB>2</SUB>S. </LI> <LI> Ionic Ag was sorbed with soil colloids or reduced to metallic Ag. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Edge states at an intersection of edges of a topological material

Hashimoto, Koji,Wu, Xi,Kimura, Taro American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.95 No.16

<P>We study an exotic state which is localized only at an intersection of edges of a topological material. This 'edge-of-edge' state is shown to exist generically. We construct explicitly generic edge-of-edge states in five-dimensional Weyl semimetals and their dimensional reductions, such as four-dimensional topological insulators of class A and three-dimensional chiral topological insulators of class AIII. The existence of the edge-of-edge state is due to a topological charge of the edge states. The notion of the Berry connection is generalized to include the space of all possible boundary conditions, where Chern-Simons forms are shown to be nontrivial.</P>