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Cheng-Jie Zhu,Jing Li,Huan Wang,Min Zhang,Hao-Yuan Hu 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3
Parasitoids represent a potential tool to control the invasive spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, which has invaded Europe and America, recently. A good example is the pupal parasitoid, Trichopria drosophilae, would be an effective biocontrol agent. Populations of D. suzukii, and T. drosophilae were collected from a blueberry orchard in East China and reared in the laboratory at 25 °C. Life table and population growth data for T. drosophilae were obtained using D. suzukii pupae as a host. Mean adult longevity was 22.40 d and 26.45 d, for females and males respectively. The mean oviposition period was 18.20 d. The daily mean parasitization rate was 9.47% per female when 30 hosts were daily provided. The total number of T. drosophilae offspring throughout a lifetime was 63.45 per female, and the female offspring proportion was 65.06%. The intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase were 0.18 and 1.19, respectively. The generation time and the population doubling time were 21.29 d and 3.91 d, respectively. Our results suggest that T. drosophilae population differed among populations in population growth parameters, and those from China also has the parasitism potential to control D. suzukii.
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폐양액을 이용한 관비재배시 양액의 농도가 파프리카의 생육과 과실 품질에 미치는 영향
장성호(Cheng Hao Zhang),임용섭(Yong Sup Lim),강호민(Ho-Min Kang),김일섭(Il Seop Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.1
파프리카 암면재배시 배출된 폐양액의 EC는 공급원액의 ±5%와 pH는 ±15% 수준으로 안정적이었고, 양이온 중 암모니아태 질소(NH₄-N)는 감소하였고, Mg는 증가하였으며, 음이온 중에는 SO₄-S가 증가하였다. 폐양액과 고추용 관비양액으로 재배한 파프리카의 초장과 엽수 엽두께는 차이가 없었으나, 경경과 엽면적 지수는 폐양액 2.0dS · m?¹처리에서 우수하였다. 생육기간 중 엽록소 함량은 1.5와 2.0dS · m?¹ 폐양액 처리가 관비양액 처리보다 높았으며, 총 수량과 과실수 그리고 과경은 2.0dS · m?¹폐양액 처리에서 우수하였다. 수확한 과실의 배꼽썩음과는 폐양액 처리에서는 모두 발생하지 않은 반면 관비용 양액처리에서는 5.3%가 발생하였다. 파프리카 잎의 무기물 함량은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 배꼽썩음과의 원인 원소인 Ca은 폐양액 처리구에서 K는 관비용 양액 처리구에서 높았으며, 엽록소 구성 원소인 Mg은 폐양액 2.0dS · m?¹에서 가장 높았다. 수확 한 파프리카 과실를 크기별로 분류했을때 100-150g 수준의 중과는 폐양액 2.0dS · m?¹과 관비용 양액 처리에서 52% 이상으로 높았으며 100g 이하의 소과는 관비용 양액 처리가, 150g이상의 대과는 폐양액 2.0dS · m?¹처리에서 가장 많았다. 따라서 폐양액 농도를 관비용 양액보다 25% 높은 농도로 공급할 경우 식물의 생육과 과실의 수량과 품질을 향상시킬 수 있었다. Waste nutrient solution (WNS) using non-recycled hydroponics for paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) decreased NH₄-N, but increased Mg and SO₄-S concentration as the paprika plants grew. EC and pH of WNS were maintained well at ± 5% and ± 15% levels of supplied solution, respectively. The paprika plants cultivated by WNS 2.0 dS · m?¹ showed thicker stem diameter and higher leaf area index (LAI), but there were no significant differences in the plant height, number of leaf, and leaf thickness. The paprika plants cultivated by WNS showed higher chlorophyll content as they grew. The blossom end rot (BER) of fruits did not appear in WNS treatment, but the occurrence rate of BER was 5.3% in the fruits grown by pepper Hanbang fertigation solution (1.5 dS · m?¹, N: 9.4% (A)+11% (B), P: 6%, K: 28% (A)+22% (B), Mg: 3.5%, B: 0.1%, Zn: 0.003%, Cu: 0.0005%, Mo: 0.0005%). The total yield and number of fruit were higher in WNS 2.0 dS · m?¹ treatment compared to the others. The paprika leaf grown by WNS had higher Mg and Ca contents. The K content of paprika leaf was higher in pepper Hanbang fertigation solution treatment. The fruit size of paprika classified by weight showed difference among treatments. The medium size fruits (100-150 g) were above 52% in WNS 2.0 dS · m?¹ and Hanbang fertigation solution, whereas the percentage of small (<100 g) and large (>150 g) size fruits were the highest in Hanbang fertigation solution and WNS 2.0 dS · m?¹ treatments, respectively. Therefore, for paprika plants cultivated in WNS 2.0 dS · m?¹, growth, yield and quality of fruit could be enhanced more than fertigation solution in fertigation culture.
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관비재배시 토마토 생육과 품질에 미치는 폐양액과 기존 비료의 효과
장성호(Cheng Hao Zhang),서지호(Zhihao Xu),강호민(Ho-Min Kang),김일섭(Il Seop Kim) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.4
일본원시배양액을 공급한 토마토의 펄라이트 배지경에서 배출된 폐양액의 EC는 1.9-2.4dS?m?¹, pH는 5.7-7.1의 범위였으며 다량 원소의 농도는 NH₄?-N가 감소하였을 뿐 대부분 공급양액과 큰 차이가 없었다. 관비용 양액인 Megasol 및 BHF(풍년비료)과 수경재배 폐양액 처리간에 토마토의 초장과 경경 등의 생육에는 차이가 없었으며, 엽록소 함량은 폐양액 처리에서 가장 높았다. 또한 토마토 식물의 생체중과 건물증도 2가지 관비와 폐양액간에 차이는 없이 대조구보다 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 토마토 잎의 무기물 함량도 대조구에 비해 3가지 처리에서 높게 나타났으며, 처리에 따른 차이에 일정한 경향은 없었다. 토마토의 수량과 평균 과중 그리고 과수에서는 폐양액에서 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 Megasol, BHF 그리고 대조구의 순이었는데, 3가지 관비처리간 유의성 있는 차이는 없었다. 특히 배꼽썩음과 발생율은 대조구에 비해 3가지 관비처리에서 모두 낮았는데, 관비처리중 폐양액과 BHF가 가장 낮았다. 토마토 잎의 증산속도는 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 BHF, 폐양액, Megasol의 순서였으나 증산속도가 낮았던 관비처리에선 과실의 크기는 오히려 증가하였고, 당도가 증가하는 결과를 가져왔다. 토마토 과실의 당도는 대조구에 비해 관리처리에서 모두 높았으며 관비처리간 차이에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 수경재배의 폐양액을 이용한 토마토 관비재배에서 생육, 수량, 그리고 품질면에서 기존 관비용 양액에 뒤지지 않는 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that was the drained nutrient solution of Horticultural Research Institute of Japan for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed 1.9-2.4 dSㆍm?¹ of EC and 5.7-7.1 pH from April to July. Although NH₄?-N concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the other nutrients did not change significantly, as compared with supplied solution. There were no significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, and the other growth characteristics of tomato plants grown by 2 fertigation nutrient solutions; BHF (Bountiful Harvest Fertilizer, 10% of N, 13% of PO₄, 13% of K, 0.05% of B, 0.05% of Zn, and 0.0023% of Cu that made in Korea) and Megasol (11% of N, 8% of PO₄, 34% of K, 0.032% of Mn, 0.002% of B, 0.048% of Fe, 0.0122% of Zn, and 0.0023% of Cu that made in Belgium.); however, the chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in WNS. The fresh and dry weight of tomato plants were higher in 3 fertigation treatments than irrigation of tap water, while there were no significant differences in fresh and dry weight among the 3 fertigation treatments. The mineral content of tomato leaf also did not show any differences among the 3 fertigation treatments and any regular tendency in all minerals. Total yield, fruit weight and fruit numbers of tomato were higher in WNS, followed by Megasol, BHF and control, although there were not any difference among the 3 fertigation nutrient solution treatments. BER(blossom-end rot)of tomato fruits decreased in fertigation treatments, especially, fruits grown in WNS and BHF showed lower BER. However, the transpiration rate of leaf was higher in control, followed by BHF, WNS and Megasol, The fruit size and soluble solids content was higher in 3 fertigation nutrient treatments than control. These results suggest that WNS can be used for fertigation solution in tomato because yield and quality of tomato fruit grown in WNS fertigation treatment were similar to those in 2 fertigation nutrient solutions treatments(BHF, Megasol).
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Chih-Hao Hsu,Min-Cheng Teng,Siao-Syun Ke 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.10
Infrastructure refers to an aggregation of numerous facilities that constitute the backbone of urban operations. The lifeline systems are usually interdependent; thus, any damage to one system can cause a chain reaction, triggering failures in related and connected systems, leading to a cascade of disasters. Taiwan is located in the Circum-Pacific seismic zone, where earthquakes occur frequently. Moderate-to-large earthquakes can adversely affect the lifeline systems, severely impairing most urban functions. Therefore, understanding the effects of earthquakes of this intensity on lifeline systems as well as how these effects contribute to disaster scenarios in urban areas is a critical requirement for the Taiwanese government. From the disaster management perspective, this study constructed a seismic impact chain module for lifeline systems on the basis of an analysis of the direct and indirect impacts of seismic activity. Furthermore, the factor of infrastructure impact was examined using the matrix method. Simulations of 6.6 magnitude earthquakes along the Shanchiao fault were used to assess the impact chain of the lifeline system and the effectiveness of a hospital disaster rescue service. In the simulation, the lifeline systems in the epicentral area were directly damaged, whereas critical infrastructure was indirectly affected. Therefore, the study results will assist the authorities in making intelligent decisions regarding lifeline infrastructure and resource management.
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폐양액 관비량과 퇴비 시용량이 토마토의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향
장성호(Cheng Hao Zhang),강호민(Ho-Min Kang),김일섭(Il Seop Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2009 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.18 No.2
토마토의 펄라이트 배지경에서 공급했던 일본원시배양액의 폐양액은 EC는 1.9~2.4dS/m, pH는 5.5~7.1의 범위였으며 다량 원소의 농도는 NH₄?-N가 감소하였을뿐 대부분 공급양액과 큰 차이가 없었다. 토마토 폐양액의 1L 관비시 퇴비시비량의 증가에 따라 토마토의 초장, 경경, 엽장, 엽폭 등 일반생육과 잎의 엽록소 함량이 현저히 좋아지는 경향을 보였으나 2L 관비처리에서는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 토마토 잎의 엽록소 함량은 주당 1L, 퇴비량이 4,000㎏/10a 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 토마토 식물체의 생체중과 건물중도 폐양액의 1L 관비시 퇴비시비량의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으나 2L에서는 일정하지 않았다. 토마토의 수량도 일반생육과 비슷한 경향으로 관비량과 퇴비량 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향으 ㄹ보여 관비량 1L, 퇴비량 4,000㎏/10a 처리구에서 가장 많았다. 당도는 퇴비량과 관비량에 따른 일정한 경향이 없었으며 관비량 2L, 퇴비량 2,000㎏/10a 처리구에서 fructose. glucose 및 총 당함량이 가장 높았다. 그러므로 이상의 결과로 볼 때 폐양액을 이용한 친환경적인 관비재배가 가능하며, 또한 관비재배에서 품질도 보장 할 수 있다고 판단된다. Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that composed of nutrient solution of horticultural research institute in Japan and used for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed 1.9~2.4 dS/m of EC and 5.5~7.1 of pH. Although NH₄?-N concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the others did not change significantly as compared with supplied solution. The growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased as amount of compost was increased in 1 L WNS supply treatment. But there was not any regular tendency on growth characteristics in 2 L/plant WNS supply treatment. The chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in 1 L/plant WNS supply and 4,000 ㎏/10a compost treatment. The fresh and dry weight, and yield of tomato fruit also increased with increase of amount of WNS and compost, and they were highest in 1 L WNS supply and 4,000 ㎏/10a compost treatment. The sugar content of tomato fruits was not influenced by amount of WNS and compost, fructose and glucose and total sugar was highest in 2 L/plant WNS supply and 2,000 ㎏/10a compost treatment. Therefore fertigation culture used WNS is environmentally friendly and can guarantee yield and quality of tomato fruits and growth of tomato plants.
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폐양액을 이용한 관비재배가 머스크 멜론과 오이의 생육에 미치는 영향
장성호(Cheng Hao Zhang),강호민(Ho-Min Kang),김일섭(Il Seop Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2006 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.15 No.4
생육시기별 멜론의 비순환식 수경재배 폐양액은 NO₃-N와 Ca 및 K 함량 등 양이온 함량이 높았고, 반대로 음이온은 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. pH는 5.7~7.0 사이를 유지하였고, EC는 멜론은 2.0~2.2 dSㆍm?¹ 시아를 유지하였다. 폐양액을 이용한 관비재배에서 멜론 식물의 초장, 근장, 그리고 엽록소 함량이 관비재배에서 증가하였다., 또한 과중도 417.1g 더 무거웠으며 과질의 ˚Brix당도는 관비재배가 13.3˚Brix로 1.4˚Brix 더 높았다. 오이에서는 오이식물의 생육에는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 과실의 크기도 유의성 있는 차이는 없었으나 관비재배가 수경재배에 비하여 총수량과 상품과율에서 우수하였다. Waste nutrient solution(WNS) using non-recycled hydroponics for melon increased contents of NO₃-N and cataions, such as, Ca, K, while anions except NO₃-N were decreased slightly as the musk melon plants grew. pH and EC of WNS were maintained 5.7~7.0, 2.0~2.2 dSㆍm?¹, respectively. The musk melon plants cultivated by fertigation using WNS showed longer plant height and root length, and higher chlorophyll content than that grown by hydroponics. The fruit weight of musk melon grown by fertigation using WNS were 417.1 g heavier than that cultivated by hydroponics and soluble solids contents of musk melon fruit cultivated by fertigation using WNS was 13.3˚Brix, that was 1.4˚Brix higher than that grown by hydro-ponies. While the growth of cucumber plants and size of cucumber fruits were not different between in fertigation using WNS and hydroponics, total yields and marketable fruit percentage showed more in fertigation using WNS than in hydroponics.
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