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Direct Perception, Cue Reliability and Caseless Subjects: Evidence from Conversational Korean
Hanjung Lee(이한정) 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.4
Case-marked subjects in Korean have been shown to differ in a systematic way from their caseless counterparts as to their interpretation. This paper examines a hitherto unexplained property of caseless-subject clauses triggering a direct perception interpretation. I first present evidence from analyses of conversation data demonstrating that caseless subjects most productively occur in clause types with a subject that is identifiable in the here and now as an agent directly by the speaker and/or the hearer. Based on this evidence, I propose a new account of Differential Subject Marking (DSM) in terms of cue reliability, arguing that the association of caseless subjects with direct perception in the here and now, agentivity and tense deficiency follows from an economical use of formal particles motivated by reliability of semantic and situational cues for identifying an argument function and tense. These preliminary results support efficiency-based accounts of case marking and grammar (Hawkins 2004, Haspelmath 2008, Jaeger 2010, H. Lee 2010, 2016, Lestrade & de Hoop 2016, Levshina 2021).
Effects of Noun Phrase Type on Sentence Processing
Hanjung Lee(이한정) 담화·인지언어학회 2005 담화와 인지 Vol.12 No.1
This article presents eye-tracking experiments investigating how the relative prominence of a subject and an object in definiteness influences the processing of Korean center-embedded complement clause structures and double-object causative constructions. The first experiment demonstrated that the definiteness of a subject influences processing very early in comprehension Sentences in which the main clause subject is a description and the embedded subject is a pronoun were the most difficult to process in initial processing. The second experiment demonstrated that the relative markedness as an object rather than the definiteness of an object affects processing difficulty. Reading times in the critical regions were slower when the first object is a pronoun than when it is a description. These results can only be accounted for by current major theories of sentence processing when additional assumptions are introduced, and at the same time show that the possibility of markedness driven analysis can be considered as a serious alternative.
Effects of Focus and Markedness Hierarchies on Object Case Ellipsis in Korean
Hanjung Lee(이한정) 담화·인지언어학회 2006 담화와 인지 Vol.13 No.2
Naturalness of case ellipsis in Korean has been attributed to the information status and markedness of arguments, although few studies compare the two factors explicitly. Through experimentation, the present study demonstrates that both factors simultaneously and independently influence object case ellipsis. We also propose a functional account for patterns of variation in case ellipsis based on the two main functions of case (the identifying and the distinguishing function) augmented with the notion of argument strength.
Ziying Li,Hanjung Lee(이한정) 한국언어학회 2021 언어 Vol.46 No.2
This paper examines the distribution of the semantic classes of dative verbs in syntactic constructions, focusing on data from English and Cantonese. While both languages have two dative constructions, the prepositional dative construction (PDC) and the double object construction (DOC), they differ as to the extent they extend these constructions to major dative verb classes. This paper proposes a unifying analysis of the syntactic distribution of the semantic classes of dative verbs in English and Cantonese. On the basis of a closer examination of semantic properties of dative verbs and constructions in the two languages, we argue that verb distribution in these languages can be accounted for in a unified way by general constraints on semantic compatibilities between verbs and constructions and the choice of cut-off points on an implicational hierarchy of ditransitive verbs.
Verb Sensitivity of the English Dative Alternation: Experimental Evidence from Give-type Verbs
Seo Yeon Jang(장서연),Hanjung Lee(이한정) 담화·인지언어학회 2019 담화와 인지 Vol.26 No.4
The verb-sensitive approach to the English dative alternation proposed by Rappaport Hovav and Levin (2008) assumes that subtypes of alternating verbs differ in their association with two meanings- caused possession and caused motion. The purpose of this paper is to assess the empirical validity of this approach in comparison with that of the uniform multiple meaning approach, which takes all alternating verbs to have caused-possession and caused-motion meanings and to encode caused motion in the to-variant. We report two rating experiments designed to test speakers’ judgments of dative sentences which describe events of caused possession but do not involve caused motion. The results of the experiments show that to-dative sentences describing such events are judged invariably acceptable by speakers when factors of givenness and heaviness are controlled for. This evidence argues against the uniform multiple meaning approach and supports the proposal of the verb-sensitive approach that give-type verbs have only a caused-possession meaning independently of the variants in which they appear.