On the Effect of Reynolds Number for Flow Past Three Side-by-side Square Cylinders for Unequal Gap Spacings

Hamid Rahman,Shams-Ul-Islam,Zhou Chao Ying,Tanvir Kiyani,Suvash C. Saha 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.1

Flow patterns and aerodynamic characteristics behind three side-by-side square cylinders has been found depending upon theunequal gap spacing (g1= s1/d and g2= s2/d) between the three cylinders and the Reynolds number (Re) using the Lattice Boltzmannmethod. The effect of Reynolds numbers on the flow behind three cylinders are numerically studied for 75 ≤ Re ≤ 175 and chosenunequal gap spacings such as (g1, g2) = (1.5, 1), (3, 4) and (7, 6). We also investigate the effect of g2 while keeping g1 fixed forRe = 150. It is found that a Reynolds number have a strong effect on the flow at small unequal gap spacing (g1, g2) = (1.5, 1.0). It isalso found that the secondary cylinder interaction frequency significantly contributes for unequal gap spacing for all chosen Reynoldsnumbers. It is observed that at intermediate unequal gap spacing (g1, g2) = (3, 4) the primary vortex shedding frequency plays a majorrole and the effect of secondary cylinder interaction frequencies almost disappear. Some vortices merge near the exit and as a resultsmall modulation found in drag and lift coefficients. This means that with the increase in the Reynolds numbers and unequal gapspacing shows weakens wakes interaction between the cylinders. At large unequal gap spacing (g1, g2) = (7, 6) the flow is fullyperiodic and no small modulation found in drag and lift coefficients signals. It is found that the jet flows for unequal gap spacingstrongly influenced the wake interaction by varying the Reynolds number. These unequal gap spacing separate wake patterns fordifferent Reynolds numbers: flip-flopping, in-phase and anti-phase modulation synchronized, in-phase and anti-phase synchronized. It is also observed that in case of equal gap spacing between the cylinders the effect of gap spacing is stronger than the Reynoldsnumber. On the other hand, in case of unequal gap spacing between the cylinders the wake patterns strongly depends on both unequalgap spacing and Reynolds number. The vorticity contour visualization, time history analysis of drag and lift coefficients, powerspectrum analysis of lift coefficient and force statistics are systematically discussed for all chosen unequal gap spacings and Reynoldsnumbers to fully understand this valuable and practical problem.

Conventional versus Doxorubicin-Eluting Beads Transarterial Chemoembolization for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Tertiary Medical Centre Experience in Malaysia

Rahman, F Abdul,Naidu, J,Ngiu, CS,Yaakob, Y,Mohamed, Z,Othman, H,Jarmin, R,Elias, MH,Hamid, N Abdul,Mokhtar, N Mohd,Ali, RA Raja Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer that is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is an effective palliative treatment for patients who are not eligible for curative treatment. The two main methods for performing TACE are conventional (c-TACE) or with drug eluting beads (DEB-TACE). We sought to compare survival rates and tumour response between patients undergoing c-TACE and DEB-TACE at our centre. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing either treatment was carried out from January 2009 to December 2014. Tumour response to the procedures was evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess and compare the overall survival in the two groups. Results: A total of 79 patients were analysed (34 had c-TACE, 45 had DEB-TACE) with a median follow-up of 11.8 months. A total of 20 patients in the c-TACE group (80%) and 12 patients in the DEB-TACE group (44%) died during the follow up period. The median survival durations in the c-TACE and DEB-TACE groups were $4.9{\pm}3.2$ months and $8.3{\pm}2.0$ months respectively (p=0.008). There was no statistically significant difference noted among the two groups with respect to mRECIST criteria. Conclusions: DEB-TACE demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival rates for patients with unresectable HCC when compared to c-TACE. It is a safe and promising approach and should potentially be considered as a standard of care in the management of unresectable HCC.

ELECTRIC MACHINES IN ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLE APPLICATIONS

Hamid A.Toliyat,Khwaja M.Rahman,Mehrdad Ehsani 전력전자학회 1995 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.1995 No.10

The purpose of this paper is to examine different motor drives in an attempt to gain a better insight about electric propulsion for electric and hybrid vehicles and their design methodologies. After an extensive literature survey, a complete account of present day propulsion technology, its limitations, and trends of developments are presented, with specific suggestions for possible adoption for electric and hybrid vehicle propulsion.

Energy Conserving Security Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network

Hamid, M. A.,Rahman, M. M.,Hong, C. S. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2006 ICHIT 2012 Vol.3981 No.-

A New Septum in the Female Breast

Mostafa Abdel Rahman Awad,Mahmoud Magdi Sherif,Eaman Yahya Sadek,Hesham Aly Helal,Wafaa Raafat Abdel Hamid 대한성형외과학회 2017 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.44 No.2

Background Understanding the female breast fascial system is of paramount importance in breast surgery. Little was written about breast ligaments. Most articles refer to Cooper’s work without further anatomical studies. Lately, a horizontal septum has been described conveying nerves and vessels to the nipple areola complex. Methods During the surgical dissection of the lower part of the breast, in supero-medial technique for breast reduction operations, a fascial septum between the lower two quadrants was detected. This fibrous septum was studied through anatomic dissection of breast tissues during routine breast reshaping procedures that was done on 30 female patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively in all cases and correlated with the intraoperative findings. In the other five cases, outside the clinical study, the imaging was done during routine investigation for breast swellings. Results A vertical septum was identified in the lower part of the breast, lying at the breast meridian between the two lower quadrants. It is a tough bi-laminated structure that extends from the middle of the infra-mammary crease caudally to nipple-areola complex cranially and from the pectoral fascia posteriorly to the overlying skin anteriorly. This was proved by MRI findings. Conclusions This study describes a new inferior vertical septum which separates the lower half of the breast into two definite anatomical compartments: medial and lateral.

Suppression of fluid force on flow past a square cylinder with a detached flat plate at low Reynolds number for various spacing ratios

Shams-Ul-Islam,Hamid Rahman,Waqas Sarwar Abbasi,Uzma Noreen,Aftab Khan 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.12

A numerical study for flow past a square cylinder in a two-dimensional channel with a detached flat plate is investigated in this paper. A flat plate is detached downstream in order to control the flow around and behind the square cylinder. Fluid forces acting on the squarecylinder, wake structure mechanism and vortex shedding frequency are presented systematically for different Reynolds numbers andspacing ratios. Effects of Reynolds numbers upon physical parameters are also studied. Variation of Reynolds number is from 75 to 200,based on the incoming flow velocity and width of cylinder. The lattice Boltzmann method is used for this numerical investigation. In thisstudy, we choose three different spacing ratios namely closely, moderately and widely. Numerical studies show that some physical parameterssignificantly reduced by the detached flat plate for closely spacing ratio. The results which we obtained in this investigation areauthentic in the sense that some other experimental observations by different authors can be deduced from our results.

AUGMENTATION OF MARITIME INTERACTIVE TEACHING MODEL TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

Noorul Shaiful Fitri ABDUL RAHMAN,Noor Apandi OSNIN,Rudiah MD HANAFIAH,Mohd Rahimi ABDUL HALIM,Shahriman ABDUL HAMID,Nur Hazwani KARIM 국제이네비해양경제학회 2019 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.13 No.1

The manner in which education will be delivered in the 21st-century has often been debated. Various literature has agreed that an interactive teaching and learning method is required in parallel with the emergence and development of cyber technology. The conventional method of teaching should be reconstituted to emphasize aspects associated with innovation and creativity in attracting the attention of students in learning. Despite the current Malaysian education emphasize the learning features that include 1) Creative thinking, 2) Critical thinking, 3) Collaboration, 4) Character and 5) Communication. However, 21st-century approach requires exposure, skills, and creativity to be implemented by the Malaysian educators. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new maritime interactive teaching model towards a Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) and industrial revolution 4.0. Three (3) secondary schools around Terengganu in Malaysia were chosen to participate in a pilot case study. The results of the study found that more than 90% of students now understand more about the maritime industry based on their acquired knowledge and education in this area. While, more than 70% of students described that this method of teaching is appealing. Maritime education innovative learning through an interactive learning model was successfully achieved based on the findings of this study, called the ‘Mariner’s Fantasy’. Additionally, through the inspirations of IR 4.0 and the Malaysia Education Development Plan, 2013-2025, the study has demonstrated the usefulness of the Maritime Education Innovative Learning (MEIL) program through an interactive learning method, in enhancing the delivery of maritime education by adopting an effective teaching-based approach.

A New Septum in the Female Breast

Awad, Mostafa Abdel Rahman,Sherif, Mahmoud Magdi,Sadek, Eaman Yahya,Helal, Hesham Aly,Hamid, Wafaa Raafat Abdel Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2017 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.44 No.2

Background Understanding the female breast fascial system is of paramount importance in breast surgery. Little was written about breast ligaments. Most articles refer to Cooper's work without further anatomical studies. Lately, a horizontal septum has been described conveying nerves and vessels to the nipple areola complex. Methods During the surgical dissection of the lower part of the breast, in supero-medial technique for breast reduction operations, a fascial septum between the lower two quadrants was detected. This fibrous septum was studied through anatomic dissection of breast tissues during routine breast reshaping procedures that was done on 30 female patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively in all cases and correlated with the intraoperative findings. In the other five cases, outside the clinical study, the imaging was done during routine investigation for breast swellings. Results A vertical septum was identified in the lower part of the breast, lying at the breast meridian between the two lower quadrants. It is a tough bi-laminated structure that extends from the middle of the infra-mammary crease caudally to nipple-areola complex cranially and from the pectoral fascia posteriorly to the overlying skin anteriorly. This was proved by MRI findings. Conclusions This study describes a new inferior vertical septum which separates the lower half of the breast into two definite anatomical compartments: medial and lateral.

Application of Data Mining Techniques to Explore Predictors of HCC in Egyptian Patients with HCV-related Chronic Liver Disease

Omran, Dalia Abd El Hamid,Awad, AbuBakr Hussein,Mabrouk, Mahasen Abd El Rahman,Soliman, Ahmad Fouad,Aziz, Ashraf Omar Abdel Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common malignancy in Egypt. Data mining is a method of predictive analysis which can explore tremendous volumes of information to discover hidden patterns and relationships. Our aim here was to develop a non-invasive algorithm for prediction of HCC. Such an algorithm should be economical, reliable, easy to apply and acceptable by domain experts. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 315 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related chronic liver disease (CLD); 135 HCC, 116 cirrhotic patients without HCC and 64 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Using data mining analysis, we constructed a decision tree learning algorithm to predict HCC. Results: The decision tree algorithm was able to predict HCC with recall (sensitivity) of 83.5% and precession (specificity) of 83.3% using only routine data. The correctly classified instances were 259 (82.2%), and the incorrectly classified instances were 56 (17.8%). Out of 29 attributes, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), with an optimal cutoff value of ${\geq}50.3ng/ml$ was selected as the best predictor of HCC. To a lesser extent, male sex, presence of cirrhosis, AST>64U/L, and ascites were variables associated with HCC. Conclusion: Data mining analysis allows discovery of hidden patterns and enables the development of models to predict HCC, utilizing routine data as an alternative to CT and liver biopsy. This study has highlighted a new cutoff for AFP (${\geq}50.3ng/ml$). Presence of a score of >2 risk variables (out of 5) can successfully predict HCC with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 82%.

Gene and protein expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition for intestinal and anal fistula: a systematic review

Osman Nadila Haryani,Jailani Ruhi Fadzlyana,Rahman Hayati Abd,Hamid Nazefah Abdul 대한대장항문학회 2023 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.39 No.2

Purpose: Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the possible involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been scarcely investigated. This systematic review aims to search through research papers that are focusing on messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression profile in EMT in fistula or in intestinal fibrosis.Methods: Electronic exploration was performed until April 24, 2019 through PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, and Scopus databases with the terms of “fistula” OR “intestinal fibrosis” AND “epithelial-mesenchymal transition”. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the suitability of the title and abstract before examining the full text that met the inclusion criteria. For each study, the sample types that were used, methods for analysis, and genes expressed were identified. The list of genes was further analyzed using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway.Results: There were 896 citations found; however, only 3 studies fulfilled the requirements. Among the EMT-related genes, 5 were upregulated genes at mRNA level while 6 were at protein level. However, only 2 downregulated genes were found at each mRNA and protein level. Of the 4 inflammation-related genes found, 3 genes were upregulated at mRNA level and 1 at protein level. These genes were confirmed to be involved in the development of inflammatory induced fibrosis and fistula through EMT. Results from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were consistent with the process of EMT, confirmed by the western blot protein analysis.Conclusion: Many significant genes which are involved in the process of EMT in fistula and intestinal fibrosis have been identified. With high-end technology many more genes could be identified. These genes will be good molecular targets in the development of biomarkers for precision drug targeting in the future treatment of intestinal fibrosis and fistula.