Assessment and Ranking of Inland Navigation Practices in Malaysia: The Case of Kenyir Lake

Noor Apandi OSNIN,Noorul Shaiful Fitri ABDUL RAHMAN 한국해운물류학회 2018 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.34 No.4

Inland navigation does not reside under the purview of international standards and conventions as it is up to the local authorities to manage its operation. This study aims to establish empirical data on navigation practices on Kenyir Lake, Malaysia which is the largest artificial lake in South East Asia that was created primarily for power generation in 1985. Its natural and human-made features result in a multi-use lake involving navigation. The objective of this study is to determine who the users are, the type of vessels used, and the availability of navigational aids and the economic contribution of Kenyir Lake. The research approach was based on a combination of exploratory and descriptive methods utilising observations, interviews and surveys. The study identified and categorised the users into five different criteria, namely 1) government, 2) business, 3) tourism, 4) personal and 5) others that were engaged with navigation on the lake using speedboats and houseboats. Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the pair-wise comparison matrix of all navigation users was analysed and ranking tourism as the highest activity. Furthermore, it was further observed that navigation on the lake does not conform to international standards and conventions as practised elsewhere in Malaysia. It is anticipated that the local authorities will benefit from this empirical study to further enhance navigation safety practices and efficiency in managing all water activities and users at Kenyir Lake, Malaysia.

Proposed Minimum Luminous Range for Existing Lighthouses in This Age of Global Navigation Satellite Systems by Using the Correlation between Light Intensity and Luminous Range

Ahmad Faizal AHMAD FUAD,Noor Apandi OSNIN,Mohd Naim FADZIL,Mohd Zamani AHMAD 국제이네비해양경제학회 2017 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.6 No.1

Long-range visual marine aids to navigation are not required for current marine navigational practices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a minimum luminous range for major lighthouses that are still in existence to sustain the operation of the lighthouses in the future. Two steps were involved in the determination of the minimum luminous range, namely the modification of the existing geographical range formula, and the finding of a strong linear correlation between the light intensity and the luminous range with the lowest gradient possible in a graph. The application of the minimum luminous range would eliminate the loom of light beyond the geographical range of the lighthouse. This approach was applied to seven major lighthouses in Peninsular Malaysia, which resulted in a minimum luminous range of between 12 nm to 14 nm, which was a reduction from the existing range of 18 nm to 25 nm. The validation of the minimum luminous range was performed in two ways; using a Full Mission Ship Simulator (FMSS), and matching the proposed minimum luminous range with the lighting system available. The results of the validation by using the FMSS between the luminous range of 25 nm and 14 nm showed that the light could be sighted and identified at 58.7 nm and 58.6 nm, respectively, which was, therefore, not significant. The validation by matching with the lighting equipment available in the market showed that the eight-tier VLB-44, which has replaced the rotating lighting system in the US since 2008, was highly matched with the proposed minimum luminous range. This further validated the minimum luminous range. The minimum luminous range is sufficient for current navigational uses and may reduce the costs for procuring and maintaining lighting systems, and will be able to sustain the operations of lighthouses in this GNSS age.

AUGMENTATION OF MARITIME INTERACTIVE TEACHING MODEL TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

Noorul Shaiful Fitri ABDUL RAHMAN,Noor Apandi OSNIN,Rudiah MD HANAFIAH,Mohd Rahimi ABDUL HALIM,Shahriman ABDUL HAMID,Nur Hazwani KARIM 국제이네비해양경제학회 2019 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.13 No.1

The manner in which education will be delivered in the 21st-century has often been debated. Various literature has agreed that an interactive teaching and learning method is required in parallel with the emergence and development of cyber technology. The conventional method of teaching should be reconstituted to emphasize aspects associated with innovation and creativity in attracting the attention of students in learning. Despite the current Malaysian education emphasize the learning features that include 1) Creative thinking, 2) Critical thinking, 3) Collaboration, 4) Character and 5) Communication. However, 21st-century approach requires exposure, skills, and creativity to be implemented by the Malaysian educators. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new maritime interactive teaching model towards a Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) and industrial revolution 4.0. Three (3) secondary schools around Terengganu in Malaysia were chosen to participate in a pilot case study. The results of the study found that more than 90% of students now understand more about the maritime industry based on their acquired knowledge and education in this area. While, more than 70% of students described that this method of teaching is appealing. Maritime education innovative learning through an interactive learning model was successfully achieved based on the findings of this study, called the ‘Mariner’s Fantasy’. Additionally, through the inspirations of IR 4.0 and the Malaysia Education Development Plan, 2013-2025, the study has demonstrated the usefulness of the Maritime Education Innovative Learning (MEIL) program through an interactive learning method, in enhancing the delivery of maritime education by adopting an effective teaching-based approach.

The Utilisation of Pisang Island as a Platform to Support the Current Safety and Security Needs of Marine Navigation in the Straits of Malacca

Ahmad Faizal AHMAD FUAD,Mohd Sharifuddin AHMAD,Mohd Naim FADZIL,Noor Apandi OSNIN 국제이네비해양경제학회 2017 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.7 No.1

Current marine navigational practice relies less on long-range visual marine signals such as lighthouses for reference purposes. This is due to the availability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), which are integrated with other navigational aids on ships. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review the function of Pisang Island lighthouse and to propose the most relevant use of Pisang Island for current navigational needs. The function of the lighthouse was reviewed according to the IALA Navigational Guide and the AIS data image. The result showed that the most suitable navigational use of the lighthouse is to act as a reference for Line of Position (LOP). The AIS data image indicated that mariners are not using Pisang Island lighthouse for LOP. The trend in the Straits of Malacca (SoM) was compared with the trend in the Straits of Dover, UK. The selected experts verified that LOP was not practised there. As a specific example, a tanker ship route in the South China Sea was used to further support that LOP was not practised. This evidence supported the view that Pisang Island lighthouse is less relevant for current navigational practice and does not directly support the coastal state VTS operation and the establishment of the marine electronic highway. Furthermore, the existing shore-based VTS radar has limitations on range and the detection of targets near Pisang Island. Therefore, this study proposes the establishment of a new radar station on Pisang Island at the existing site of the lighthouse. The proposed new radar station on Pisang Island will add to the existing coverage of the VTS radar, bridging the coverage gaps to overcome the weakness of the existing shore-based radar and improve the safety and security of marine navigation in the SoM.