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Global Imbalances in a World of Inflexible Real Exchange Rates and Capital Controls
ANDREW HUGHES HALLETT,JUAN CARLOS MARTINEZ OLIVA 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 Global economic review Vol.41 No.4
This paper addresses the issue of international payments in a stock-flow framework, by capturing the interaction between the current account balance and international assets portfolios of domestic and foreign investors. It is argued that the stability of such interactions may be affected by shifts in the preferences of investors, by the relative rate of return of different assets and -more generally- by institutional settings. The model is then used for policy analysis purposes in order to derive the conditions for the existence of dynamic equilibria, and if they can be attained, under the assumption of various market-distorting policy choices.
Labour Market Reform and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in EMU
( Andrew Hughes Hallett ),( Nicola Viegi ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.4
This paper analyses the interaction between a common monetary policy and differentiated labour market institutions. We develop a model of a two country monetary union. In each country, labour markets are distinguished by the degree of centralisation in wage bargaining. In each country the government can also use an instrument (general taxation or payroll taxes) to influence their overall labour costs. Finally a common monetary policy is followed in a "conservative" manner, as defined by Rogoff (1985). The results show structural and preference asymmetries matter, both in the determination of economic policy and in performance. In particular, centralised labour market institutions confer a certain comparative advantage in policy making which provides a natural incentive for the less flexible (or less reformed) to want to join a currency union; and also for the more flexible to stay outside. This lowers the incentives for reform inside the union, as Calmfors and others have conjectured.
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Focal Hand Dystonia: Update and Future Direction
조현주,Mark Hallett 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2016 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.9 No.2
Focal hand dystonia (FHD) is characterized by excessive and unwanted muscle activation in both the hand and arm resulting in impaired performance in particular tasks. Understanding the pathophysiology of FHD has progressed significantly for several decades and this has led to consideration of other potential therapies such as non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). A number of studies have been conducted to develop new therapy for FHD using transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. In this paper, we review previous studies and describe the potential therapeutic use of NIBS for FHD. We also discuss the future direction of NIBS to treat FHD.
Fifty Years of Innovation in Plastic Surgery
Kwasnicki, Richard M,Hughes-Hallett, Archie,Marcus, Hani J,Yang, Guang-Zhong,Darzi, Ara,Hettiaratchy, Shehan Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.2
Background Innovation has molded the current landscape of plastic surgery. However, documentation of this process only exists scattered throughout the literature as individual articles. The few attempts made to profile innovation in plastic surgery have been narrative, and therefore qualitative and inherently biased. Through the implementation of a novel innovation metric, this work aims to identify and characterise the most prevalent innovations in plastic surgery over the last 50 years. Methods Patents and publications related to plastic surgery (1960 to 2010) were retrieved from patent and MEDLINE databases, respectively. The most active patent codes were identified and grouped into technology areas, which were subsequently plotted graphically against publication data. Expert-derived technologies outside of the top performing patents areas were additionally explored. Results Between 1960 and 2010, 4,651 patents and 43,118 publications related to plastic surgery were identified. The most active patent codes were grouped under reconstructive prostheses, implants, instruments, non-invasive techniques, and tissue engineering. Of these areas and other expert-derived technologies, those currently undergoing growth include surgical instruments, implants, non-invasive practices, transplantation and breast surgery. Innovations related to microvascular surgery, liposuction, tissue engineering, lasers and prostheses have all plateaued. Conclusions The application of a novel metric for evaluating innovation quantitatively outlines the natural history of technologies fundamental to the evolution of plastic surgery. Analysis of current innovation trends provides some insight into which technology domains are the most active.
The Supplementary Motor Complex in Parkinson’s Disease
Shervin Rahimpour,Shashank Rajkumar,Mark Hallett 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2022 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.15 No.1
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the basal ganglia is traditionally the primary brain region implicated in this disease process, this limited view ignores the roles of the cortex and cerebellum that are networked with the basal ganglia to support motor and cognitive functions. In particular, recent research has highlighted dysfunction in the supplementary motor complex (SMC) in patients with PD. Using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, we identified research articles using keywords pertaining to the involvement of the SMC in action sequencing impairments, temporal processing disturbances, and gait impairment in patients with PD. A review of abstracts and full-text articles was used to identify relevant articles. In this review of 63 articles, we focus on the role of the SMC in PD, highlighting anatomical and functional data to create new perspectives in understanding clinical symptoms and, potentially, new therapeutic targets. The SMC has a nuanced role in the pathophysiology of PD, with both hypo- and hyperactivation associated with various symptoms. Further studies using more standardized patient populations and functional tasks are needed to more clearly elucidate the role of this region in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD.