A Study on the Relationship of Chae and Madang in Literary Work

Haeri Kim,Mitsuo Takada 한국주거학회 2015 한국주거학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

PFC3D simulation of the effect of particle size on the single edge-notched rectangle bar in bending test

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Zhu, Zheming 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.68 No.4

Three points bending flexural test was modeled numerically to study the crack propagation in the pre-cracked beams. The pre-existing edge cracks in the beam models were considered to investigate the crack propagation and coalescence paths within the modeled samples. The effects of particle size on the single edge-notched round bar in bending test were considered too. The results show that Failure pattern is constant by increasing the ball diameter. Tensile cracks are dominant mode of failure. These crack initiates from notch tip, propagate parallel to loading axis and coalescence with upper model boundary. Number of cracks increase by decreasing the ball diameter. Also, tensile fracture toughness was decreased with increasing the particle size. In the present study, the influences of particles sizes on the cracks propagations and coalescences in the brittle materials such as rocks and concretes are numerically analyzed by using a three dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D). These analyses improve the understanding of the stability of rocks and concretes structures such as rock slopes, tunnel constructions and underground openings.

Investigation of the model scale and particle size effects on the point load index and tensile strength of concrete using particle flow code

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Zhu, Zheming,Hedayat, Ahmadreza,Marji, Mohammad Fatehi Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.4

In this paper the effects of particle size and model scale of concrete have been investigated on point load index, tensile strength, and the failure processes using a PFC2D numerical modeling study. Circular and semi-circular specimens of concrete were numerically modeled using the same particle size, 0.27 mm, but with different model diameters of 75 mm, 54 mm, 25 mm, and 12.5 mm. In addition, circular and semi-circular models with the diameter of 27 mm and particle sizes of 0.27 mm, 0.47 mm, 0.67 mm, 0.87 mm, 1.07 mm, and 1.27 mm were simulated to determine whether they can match the experimental observations from point load and Brazilian tests. The numerical modeling results show that the failure patterns are influenced by the model scale and particle size, as expected. Both Is(50) and Brazilian tensile strength values increased as the model diameter and particle sizes increased. The ratio of Brazilian tensile strength to Is(50) showed a reduction as the particle size increased but did not change with the increase in the model scale.

Simulation of the tensile failure behaviour of transversally bedding layers using PFC2D

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Zhu, Zheming,Marji, Mohammad Fatehi Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.67 No.5

In this paper, the tensile failure behaviour of transversally bedding layers was numerically simulated by using particle flow code in two dimensions. Firstly, numerical model was calibrated by uniaxial, Brazilian and triaxial experimental results to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical model's response. Secondly, 21 circular models with diameter of 54 mm were built. Each model contains two transversely bedding layers. The first bedding layer has low mechanical properties, less than mechanical properties of intact material, and second bedding layer has high mechanical properties, more than mechanical properties of intact material. The angle of first bedding layer, with weak mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ while the angle of second layer, with high mechanical properties, related to loading direction was $90^{\circ}$, $105^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $150^{\circ}$, $160^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$. Is to be note that the angle between bedding layer was $90^{\circ}$ in all bedding configurations. Also, three different pairs of the thickness was chosen in models; i.e., 5 mm/10 mm, 10 mm/10 mm and 20 mm/10 mm. The result shows that In all configurations, shear cracks develop between the weaker bedding layers. Shear cracks angel related to normal load change from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $15^{\circ}$. Numbers of shear cracks are constant by increasing the bedding thickness. It's to be note that in some configuration, tensile cracks develop through the intact area of material model. There is not any failure in direction of bedding plane interface with higher strength.

Numerical simulation of the effect of bedding layer geometrical properties on the shear failure mechanism using PFC3D

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Zhu, Zheming,Marji, Mohammad Fatehi Techno-Press 2018 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.22 No.5

In this research the effect of bedding layer angle and bedding layer thickness on the shear failure mechanism of concrete has been investigated using PFC3D. For this purpose, firstly calibration of PFC3d was performed using Brazilian tensile strength. Secondly shear test was performed on the bedding layer. Thickness of layers were 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm. in each thickness layer, layer angles changes from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $25^{\circ}$. Totally 15 model were simulated and tested by loading rate of 0.016 mm/s. The results shows that when layer angle is less than $50^{\circ}$, tensile cracks initiates between the layers and propagate till coalesce with model boundary. Its trace is too high. With increasing the layer angle, less layer mobilize in failure process. Also the failure trace is very short. It's to be note that number of cracks decrease with increasing the layer thickness. The minimum shear test strength was occurred when layer angle is more than $50^{\circ}$. The maximum value occurred in $0^{\circ}$. Also, the shear test tensile strength was increased by increasing the layer thickness.

Investigation of the effects of particle size and model scale on the UCS and shear strength of concrete using PFC2D

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Zhu, Zheming,Lazemi, Hossein Ali Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.67 No.5

In this paper, the effects of particle size and model scale of concrete has been investigated on the failure mechanism of PFC2D numerical models under uniaxial compressive test. For this purpose, rectangular models with same particle sizes and different model dimensions, i.e., $3mm{\times}6mm$, $6mm{\times}12mm$, $12mm{\times}24mm$, $25mm{\times}50mm$ and $54mm{\times}108mm$, were prepared. Also rectangular models with dimension of $54mm{\times}108mm$ and different particle sizes, i.e., 0.27 mm, 0.47 mm, 0.67 mm, 0.87 mm, 1.07 mm, 1.87 mm and 2.27 mm were simulated using PFC2D and tested under uniaxial compressive test. Concurrent with uniaxial test, direct shear test was performed on the numerical models. Dimension of the models were $75{\times}100mm$. Two narrow bands of particles with dimension of $37.5mm{\times}20mm$ were removed from upper and lower of the model to supply the shear test condition. The particle sizes in the models were 0.47 mm, 0.57 mm, 0.67 mm and 0.77 mm. The result shows that failure pattern was affected by model scale and particle size. The uniaxial compressive strength and shear strength were increased by increasing the model scale and particle size.

Direct shear testing of brittle material samples with non-persistent cracks

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Shemirani, Alireza Bagher,Zhu, Zheming Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.4

The mechanical behavior of the brittle material samples containing the internal and edge cracks are studied under direct shear tests. It is tried to investigate the effects of stress interactions and stress intensity factors at the tips of the pre-existing cracks on the failure mechanism of the bridge areas within these cracks. The direct shear tests are carried out on more than 30 various modeled samples each containing the internal cracks (S models) and edge cracks (E models). The visual inspection and a low power microscope are used to monitor the failure mechanisms of the tested samples. The cracks initiation, propagation and coalescences are being visualized in each test and the detected failure surfaces are used to study and measure the characteristics of each surface. These investigations show that as the ratio of the crack area to the total shear surface increases the shear failure mode changes to that of the tensile. When the bridge areas are fixed, the bridge areas in between the edge cracks have less strength than those of internal cracks. However, the results of this study show that for the case of internal cracks as the bridge area is increased, the strength of the material within the bridge area is decreased. It has been shown that the failure mechanism and fracture pattern of the samples depend on the bridge areas because as the bridge area decreases the interactions between the crack tip stress fields increases.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of sample shapes on point load index

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Shemirani, Alireza Bagher,Hosseini, Seyed Shahin Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.13 No.6

Tensile strength is considered key properties for characterizing rock material in engineering project. It is determined by direct and indirect methods. Point load test is a useful testing method to estimate the tensile strengths of rocks. In this paper, the effects of rock shape on the point load index of gypsum are investigated by PFC2D simulation. For PFC simulating, initially calibration of PFC was performed with respect to the Brazilian experimental data to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. In second step, nineteen models with different shape were prepared and tested under point load test. According to the obtained results, as the size of the models increases, the point load strength index increases. It is also found that the shape of particles has no major effect on its tensile strength. Our findings show that the dominant failure pattern for numerical models is breaking the model into two pieces. Also a criterion was rendered numerically for determination of tensile strength of gypsum. The proposed criteria were cross checked with the results of experimental point load test.

A thiourea-based fluorescent chemosensor for bioimaging hypochlorite

Haeri So,Hangyul Lee,Gyu Dong Lee,Mingeun Kim,Mi Hee Lim,Ki-Tae Kim,Cheal Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.89 No.-

A thiourea-basedfluorescent turn-off chemosensor FHC was developed for recognizing hypochlorite. With the addition of hypochlorite to FHC, FHC displayed a specific desulfurization reaction of thethiourea group followed by thefluorescent quenching response. Thefluorescent turn-off response of FHCto hypochlorite was very fast tofinish within a few seconds. Detection limit of hypochlorite wasdetermined to be 0.43 mM. FHC can be applied for the bioimaging of hypochlorite in both HeLa cells andzebrafish. Response process of FHC to hypochlorite, via the desulfurization of the thiourea moiety, wasdemonstrated, based on 1H NMR titrations, ESI-mass,fluorescent and UV–vis titrations and DFTcalculations.

Numerical simulation of the effect of bedding layer geometrical properties on the punch shear test using PFC3D

Haeri, Hadi,Sarfarazi, Vahab,Zhu, Zheming 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.68 No.4

In this research the effect of bedding layer angle and bedding layer thickness on the shear failure mechanism of concrete has been investigated using PFC3D. For this purpose, firstly calibration of PFC3d was performed using Brazilian tensile strength. Secondly punch shear test was performed on the bedding layer. Thickness of layers were 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm. in each thickness layer, layer angles changes from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ with increment of $25^{\circ}$. Totally 15 model were simulated and tested by loading rate of 0.016 mm/s. The results show that when layer angle is less than $50^{\circ}$, tensile cracks initiates between the layers and propagate till coalesce with model boundary. Its trace is too high. With increasing the layer angle, less layer mobilizes in failure process. Also, the failure trace is very short. It's to be note that number of cracks decrease with increasing the layer thickness. The minimum shear punch test strength was occurred when layer angle is more than $50^{\circ}$. The maximum value occurred in $0^{\circ}$. Also, the shear punch test tensile strength was increased by increasing the layer thickness.