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Ok-Chul Jung,Tae Soo No,Hae-Dong Kim,Eun-Kyou Kim 한국항공우주학회 2007 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.8 No.1
In this paper, a method of station keeping strategy using relative orbital motion and numerical optimization technique is presented for geostationary satellite. Relative position vector with respect to an ideal geostationary orbit is generated using high precision orbit propagation, and compressed in terms of polynomial and trigonometric function. Then, this relative orbit model is combined with optimization scheme to propose a very efficient and flexible method of station keeping planning. Proper selection of objective and constraint functions for optimization can yield a variety of station keeping methods improved over the classical ones. Nonlinear simulation results have been shown to support such concept.
The Effects of Emotional Happiness on Aging Preparation
Hae-ok Jung,Jung-ae Kim 국제문화기술진흥원 2018 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.6 No.3
This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study of the effects of emotional happiness on aging preparation for 45-60 year olds. Participants of this study were 312 volunteers and data was collected online, the collection period was from May 15, 2018 to May 31, 2018. The tools used in the research were the emotional happiness developed by Watson et al (1988) et al., the aging preparation developed by JH Lee (2009). Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression by SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 84.0% of participants felt physically healthy and 89.8% felt mental health. The spouses of participants were physically 83.4% healthy and mentally 82.7% healthy. The correlation between emotional happiness, health cognition and aging preparation showed that physical health had a correlation with mental health (r = .482, p <0.01) and emotional happiness (r = .369, p <0.01), economic aging preparation (r = .411, p <0.01), social aging preparation (r = .119, p <0.01). Mental health was correlated with emotional happiness (r = .491, p <0.01), economic aging preparation (r = .411, p <0.01) and social aging preparation. Difference between emotional happiness and retirement preparation according to presence or absence of disease, emotional happiness (t = -4.503, p <0.01) and economic aging preparation (t = -4.960, p <0.01) were statistically significant. Emotional happiness affects the preparation of old age, emotional happiness affects to physical aging preparation under statistical significance (F=25.191, p<0.01), economic aging preparation (F=1131.783, p<0.01), and social aging preparation (F=147.672, p<0.01) which were sub components of aging preparation. Emotional happiness showed a 7.5% effect on the preparation of physical aging, 78.4% on economic aging preparation and 32.3% on social aging preparation. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that physical health and mental health are related to emotional happiness, economic aging preparation, and social aging preparation. And also these results can be inferred that the illness causes emotional less feeling of happiness and economic difficulty. Based on the results of this study, emotional well - being influences the retirement preparation significantly at statistical significance. Therefore, if the concept of emotional happiness is introduced to the old-age preparation program, it will be more client centered program.
Fabrication Technology of the Focusing Grating Coupler using Single-step Electron Beam Lithography
Kim, Tae-Youb,Kim, Yark-Yeon,Han, Gee-Pyeong,Paek, Mun-Cheol,Kim, Hae-Sung,Lim, Byeong-Ok,Kim, Sung-Chan,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Rhee, Jin-Koo The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2002 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.3 No.1
A focusing grating coupler (FGC) was not fabricated by the 'Continuous Path Control'writing strategy but by an electron-beam lithography system of more general exposure mode, which matches not only the address grid with the grating period but also an integer multiple of the address grid resolution (5 nm). To more simplify the fabrication, we are able to reduce a process step without large decrease of pattern quality by excluding a conducting material or layer such as metal (Al, Cr, Au), which are deposited on top or bottom of an e-beam resist to prevent charge build-up during e-beam exposure. A grating pitch period and an aperture feature size of the FGC designed and fabricated by e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching were ranged over 384.3 nm to 448.2 nm, and 0.5 $\times$ 0.5 mm$^2$area, respectively. This fabrication method presented will reduce processing time and improve the grating quality by means of a consideration of the address grid resolution, grating direction, pitch size and shapes when exposing. Here our investigations concentrate on the design and efficient fabrication results of the FGC for coupling from slab waveguide to a spot in free space.
Hae un Kim,Sung jin Koo,Jung ok Bae 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2015 언어연구 Vol.32 No.S
Inconsistent findings about the significance of connectives in prior studies may be due to the fact that connectives were not analyzed according to their different semantic types as well as language users' proficiency levels. The present study therefore divided connectives into four semantic types (additive, adversative, causal, and temporal) and examined how much their occurrences were related to the quality of free writing and whether the results varied because of proficiency levels. The participants were groups of different English writing proficiency (N = 242): Korean EFL elementary school immersion students and native English speakers who were middle or high school students attending an army-based American school. They were given a writing task which required them to create a story based on a picture. The stories were analyzed for connective occurrences and writing qualities such as content, text length, and vocabulary. The results show the following. As students become more proficient, the overall occurrences of connectives decreased. Additive and temporal connectives were most prevalent. However, their effects on writing qualities were different. In the stories by EFL students, the frequent occurrences of additive connectives negatively influenced the quality of content, while temporal connectives enhanced it. Such effects did not exist in the stories by native speakers; none of the connective types made any significant influence on the quality of content, indicating that with or without connectives content is comprehensible in the writings of proficient writers. (Kyungpook National University)