충남 일부지역 초등학생의 인두에 분포하는 세균 실태조사

하서영,박수진,이보미,박솔기,박창은 남서울대학교 2012 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.2

The distributed species and the kinds of variable microorganism in Pharynx were monitored to the elementary school child. Our purpose was to investigate the distribution of bacteria in Pharynx of child except for adults. Analysis performed the collected sample from 15 students in Chungnam area for 2 days from July 30 to July 31 in 2012. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using VITEKⅡsystems. The experiment on microorganism concentration of contact parts carried out and the average of total microorganism was measured. The elementary child's Pharynx were isolated and identified. The isolation rates were major distributied to Gram positive cocci, another Gram negative bacilli and Gram positive bacilli. respectively. The frequently isolated bacteria were G. adiacens. The Granulicatella adiacens is one of the fastidious Gram positive cocci previously described as nutritionally variant streptococci due to their requirement of L-cysteine, pyridoxal, or thiol compounds for growth. These bacteria have been identified as significant causative agents of endocarditis, opthalmic infections, and meningitis. Further systematic studies are necessary with an emphasis on species identification. Key Words : Microorganism, Elementary child, Pharynx and Larynx

Development of megestrol acetate solid dispersion nanoparticles for enhanced oral delivery by using a supercritical antisolvent process

Ha, Eun-Sol,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Baek, In-hwan,Yoo, Jin-Wook,Jung, Yunjin,Moon, Hyung Ryong,Kim, Min-Soo Dove Medical Press 2015 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.9 No.-

<P>In the present study, solid dispersion nanoparticles with a hydrophilic polymer and surfactant were developed using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process to improve the dissolution and oral absorption of megestrol acetate. The physicochemical properties of the megestrol acetate solid dispersion nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and a particle-size analyzer. The dissolution and oral bioavailability of the nanoparticles were also evaluated in rats. The mean particle size of all solid dispersion nanoparticles that were prepared was <500 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that megestrol acetate was present in an amorphous or molecular dispersion state within the solid dispersion nanoparticles. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solid dispersion nanoparticles significantly increased the maximum dissolution when compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 solid dispersion nanoparticles. The extent and rate of dissolution of megestrol acetate increased after the addition of a surfactant into the HPMC solid dispersion nanoparticles. The most effective surfactant was Ryoto sugar ester L1695, followed by D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate. In this study, the solid dispersion nanoparticles with a drug:HPMC:Ryoto sugar ester L1695 ratio of 1:2:1 showed >95% rapid dissolution within 30 minutes, in addition to good oral bioavailability, with approximately 4.0- and 5.5-fold higher area under the curve (0–24 hours) and maximum concentration, respectively, than raw megestrol acetate powder. These results suggest that the preparation of megestrol acetate solid dispersion nanoparticles using the supercritical antisolvent process is a promising approach to improve the dissolution and absorption properties of megestrol acetate.</P>

Advanced technology using supercritical fluid for particle production in pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing

Ha Eun-Sol,Kang Hui-Taek,Park Heejun,Kim Sebin,김민수 한국약제학회 2023 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.53 No.2

Background In the pharmaceutical industry, supercritical fluid (SCF), particularly supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), can be utilized as a solvent, extractant, liquid expander, plasticizer, and aerosol. SCF-based particle formation technology, an environmentally friendly technology, has been used in the field of drug development to overcome solubility/dissolution issues of poorly water-soluble drugs and/or improve bioavailability without changing pharmacological activity. However, these technologies have limitations, such as operation in batch or semi-continuous mode and particle collection, and expert suggestions are required to resolve these issues. Area covered Advanced SCF technologies that use the unique properties of SC-CO2 to improve drug delivery and overcome the limitations of conventional supercritical solid particle formation technologies are summarized in this review. Expert opinion Advanced SCF technology can present a new paradigm for efficient formulation development and product manufacturing and is expected to become a new promising industrial strategy in the pharmaceutical aspect. Despite these advantages, it is difficult to develop commercial products because of the high investment cost and lack of research data; thus, additional research and interest are still needed.

Solubility of cilostazol in the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30, and poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) at different temperatures

Ha, Eun-Sol,Ha, Dong-Hyeon,Kuk, Do-Hoon,Sim, Woo-Yong,Baek, In-hwan,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Park, Hee Jun,Kim, Min-Soo Elsevier 2017 The Journal of chemical thermodynamics Vol.113 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The solubilities of cilostazol in aqueous solutions containing polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30), and poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP/VA) are measured at temperatures ranging from 298.15 to 318.15K. It increased with the increase in the hydrophilic carrier concentration and temperature. PVP/VA was the most effective polymer to solubilize cilostazol. The transfer Gibbs free energy (Δ<SUB>tr</SUB> <I>G</I>°) and enthalpy (Δ<SUB>tr</SUB> <I>H</I>°) values were negative, indicating that the transfer of cilostazol from only water to an aqueous hydrophilic polymer solution is spontaneous and energetically favorable. Furthermore, the Δ<SUB>tr</SUB> <I>G</I>° and Δ<SUB>tr</SUB> <I>H</I>° values decreased with the increase in the hydrophilic polymer concentration, indicating that solubilization is more favorable with the increase in the hydrophilic polymer concentrations. In particular, the Δ<SUB>tr</SUB> <I>G</I>° values considerably decreased for PVP/VA compared to PEG 4000, PEG 6000, and PVP K30. This result indicated that PVP/VA is an effective solubilizing additive for developing oral solid formulations of cilostazol.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solubility of cilostazol in aqueous polymer solution (PEG, PVP, PVPV/VA) was determined. </LI> <LI> PVP/VA was the most effective polymer to solubilize cilostazol. </LI> <LI> Calculation of thermodynamic properties of the solution process. </LI> </UL> </P>

Solubility and modeling of telmisartan in binary solvent mixtures of dichloromethane and (methanol, ethanol, <i>n</i>-propanol, or <i>n</i>-butanol) and its application to the preparation of nanoparticles using the supercritical antisolvent technique

Ha, Eun-Sol,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Lee, Seon-Kwang,Sim, Woo-Yong,Jeong, Ji-Su,Kim, Min-Soo Elsevier 2019 Journal of molecular liquids Vol.295 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, the mole-fraction solubility data for telmisartan in dichloromethane + primary alcohol (methanol, ethanol, <I>n</I>-propanol or <I>n</I>-butanol) mixtures were measured at five different temperatures by employing a solid-liquid equilibrium using the shake-flask technique. In addition, the melting temperature and enthalpy of telmisartan were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, while powder X-ray diffraction analysis was used to evaluate the crystal form of telmisartan obtained before and after the solubility experiments. The solid state characterization confirmed no transformation of telmisartan into polymorphs. The solvent synergistic effect was observed in all binary mixtures. In particular, the telmisartan solubility in the mass fraction values of dichloromethane (<I>w</I>) of 0.8 at 298.15 K was found to be approximately 90.77 and 4.98 times higher than that in pure methanol and pure dichloromethane, respectively. The experimental solubility data for telmisartan were correlated and fitted to the van't Hoff, modified Apelblat, simplified CNIBS/R-K, Jouyban-Acree, Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff, Jouyban-Acree-Apelblat, Ma, and Sun models. The thermodynamic parameters, such as the dissolution enthalpy (<I>∆H</I>°), Gibbs free energy (<I>∆G</I>°), and dissolution entropy (∆<I>S</I>°), confirmed that the dissolution of telmisartan in the mixtures was an endothermic process. Furthermore, dichloromethane and primary alcohol mixtures (<I>w</I> = 0.8) were used as the solvent in the preparation of telmisartan nanoparticles using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technique. The smallest particle size (630.8 nm) of the telmisartan nanoparticle obtained from a solvent mixture of dichloromethane and methanol was obtained. Results confirmed that the solubility data and estimated equations for telmisartan in the dichloromethane + primary alcohol mixtures with a strong synergistic solvation are useful in research and development for the purification and preparation of nanoparticles as well as in future studies on telmisartan to design and develop dosage forms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The solubility of telmisartan in dichloromethane/primary alcohol mixtures was studied. </LI> <LI> The solubility data were correlated with various solubility models. </LI> <LI> The solubility data were used to prepare the nanoparticles. </LI> </UL> </P>

Improving dissolution and oral bioavailability of pranlukast hemihydrate by particle surface modification with surfactants and homogenization

Ha, Eun-Sol,Baek, In-hwan,Yoo, Jin-Wook,Jung, Yunjin,Kim, Min-Soo Dove Medical Press 2015 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.9 No.-

<P>The present study was carried out to develop an oral formulation of pranlukast hemihydrate with improved dissolution and oral bioavailability using a surface-modified microparticle. Based on solubility measurements, surface-modified pranlukast hemihydrate microparticles were manufactured using the spray-drying method with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, sucrose laurate, and water and without the use of an organic solvent. The hydrophilicity of the surface-modified pranlukast hemihydrate microparticle increased, leading to enhanced dissolution and oral bioavailability of pranlukast hemihydrate without a change in crystallinity. The surface-modified microparticles with an hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/sucrose laurate ratio of 1:2 showed rapid dissolution of up to 85% within 30 minutes in dissolution medium (pH 6.8) and oral bioavailability higher than that of the commercial product, with approximately 2.5-fold and 3.9-fold increases in area under the curve (AUC<SUB>0→12 h</SUB>) and peak plasma concentration, respectively. Therefore, the surface-modified microparticle is an effective oral drug delivery system for the poorly water-soluble therapeutic pranlukast hemihydrate.</P>

Preparation and evaluation of solid dispersion of atorvastatin calcium with Soluplus? by spray drying technique.

Ha, Eun-Sol,Baek, In-hwan,Cho, Wonkyung,Hwang, Sung-Joo,Kim, Min-Soo Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2014 Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol. No.

<P>The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Soluplus? on the solubility of atorvastatin calcium and to develop a solid dispersion formulation that can improve the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium. We demonstrated that Soluplus? increases the aqueous solubility of atorvastatin calcium. Several solid dispersion formulations of atorvastatin calcium with Soluplus? were prepared at various drug?:?carrier ratios by spray drying. Physicochemical analysis demonstrated that atorvastatin calcium is amorphous in each solid dispersion, and the 2?:?8 drug?:?carrier ratio provided the highest degree of sustained atorvastatin supersaturation. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats revealed that the 2?:?8 dispersion significantly improved the oral bioavailability of atorvastatin. This study demonstrates that spray-dried Soluplus? solid dispersions can be an effective method for achieving higher atorvastatin plasma levels.</P>

Optimal condition on simultaneous co-preparation of polyol and microcrystalline cellulose

Eun Ju LEE,You Jin PARK,Kwang-Hee LIM,Kiryong HA,Han Sol KWON,Jeong Eun KIM 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Prescription Patterns and Burden of Pediatric Asthma in Korea

Sol, In Suk,Kim, Yoon Hee,Kim, Soo Yeon,Choi, Sun Ha,Kim, Jong Deok,Kim, Bo Ok,Moon, Ji Eun,Kim, Kyung Won,Sohn, Myung Hyun The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical 2019 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.11 No.2

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, prescription pattern and burden of pediatric asthma in Korea by analyzing the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We retrospectively analyzed the insurance claim records from the Korean NHI claims database from January 2010 to December 2014. Asthmatic patients were defined as children younger than 18 years, with appropriate 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases codes (J45 or J46) and a prescription for 1 or more asthma maintenance medications at the same date. Hospitalization and emergency department visits for asthma were defined as use of short-acting beta<SUB>2</SUB>-agonists during hospital visits among asthmatic patients.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were 1,172,807 asthmatic children in 2010, which increased steadily to 1,590,228 in 2014 in Korea. The prevalence showed an increasing trend annually for all ages. The mean prevalence by age in those older than 2 years decreased during the study period (from 39.4% in the 2–3 year age group to 2.6% in the 15–18 year age group). In an outpatient prescription, leukotriene receptor antagonists were the most commonly prescribed medication for all ages. Patients older than 6 years for whom inhaled corticosteroids were prescribed comprised less than 15% of asthmatic patients. The total direct medical cost for asthma between 2010 and 2014 ranged from $376 to $483 million. Asthma-related medical cost per person reached its peak in $366 in 2011 and decreased to $275 in 2014.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The prevalence of pediatric asthma increased annually and decreased with age. Individual cost of asthma showed a decreasing trend in Korean children.</P>

Design of New Isoindigo-Based Copolymer for Ambipolar Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Shin, Eun-Sol,Ha, Yeon Hee,Gann, Eliot,Lee, Yun-Ji,Kwon, Soon-Ki,McNeill, Christopher R.,Noh, Yong-Young,Kim, Yun-Hi American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.16

<P>We report the synthesis of a new conjugated polymer composed of isoindigo (IID) and 2,3-bis[thiophenyl-2-yl]thiophene acrylonitrile (CNTVT) subunits for high-performance n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). To realize high electron mobility for the IID-based conjugated polymer, an electron-withdrawing nitrile group is incorporated into the vinylene unit, thereby shifting the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital for efficient electron injection from Au electrodes without disrupting the backbone planarity. Uniaxially aligned IID<SUB>24</SUB>-CNTVT-conjugated polymer films for efficient intramolecular charge transport are achieved by off-center spin-coating from preaggregated solutions. To obtain its stable preaggregation in solution, a binary solvent system (a mixture of good and bad solvents) chosen with the assistance of Hansen solubility parameter simulation is used. Through this process, highly aligned IID<SUB>24</SUB>-CNTVT films are obtained by off-center spin coating from a solvent mixture of 9:1 dichlorobenzene/2-methoxyethanol as the good and bad solvents, respectively. The properties of the aligned IID<SUB>24</SUB>-CNTVT films are characterized with various analytical techniques, including UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, angle-resolved near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. Top-gate/bottom-contact OFETs with IID<SUB>24</SUB>-CNTVT films aligned in the direction of charge transport exhibit a high-electron field-effect mobility of 0.83 ± 0.13 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V·s.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>