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Ghimire, B.K.,Yoo, J.H.,Yu, C.Y.,Chung, I.M. Elsevier 2017 Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine Vol.10 No.7
<P>Objective: To investigate the composition of volatile compounds in the different accessions of Perillafruteseens (P. frittescens) collected from various habitats of China and Japan. Methods: In the present study, the essential oil from the leaves of P. frutescens cultivars from China and Japan was extracted by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition and concentration of the volatile components present in the oils were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Among the volatile components, the major proportion was of perilla ketone, which was followed by elemicin and beta-caryophyllene in the Chinese Perilla cultivars. The main component in the oil extracted from the Japanese accessions was myristicin, which was followed by perilla ketone and beta-caryophyllene. We could distinguish seven chemotypes, namely the perilla ketone (PK) type, perilla ketone, myristicin (PM) type, perilla ketone, unknown (PU) type, perilla ketone, beta-caryophyllene, myristicine (PB) type, perilla ketone, myristicin, unknown (PMU) type, perilla ketone, clemicine, myristicin, beta-caryophyllene (PEMB) type, and the perilla ketone, limonene, beta-cryophyllenc, myristicin (L) type. Most of the accessions possessed higher essential oil content before the flowering time than at the flowering stage. The average plant height, leaf length, leaf width of the Chinese accessions was higher than those of the Japanese accessions. Conclusion: The results revealed that the harvest time and geographical origin caused polymorphisms in the essential oil composition and morphological traits in the Perilla accessions originating from China and Japan. Therefore, these chemotypes with desirable characters might be useful for industrial exploitation and for determining the harvest time.</P>
Ghimire, Bimal Kumar,Seong, Eun Soo,Lee, Chan Ok,Lee, Jae Geun,Yu, Chang Yeon,Kim, Seung Hyun,Chung, Ill Min Springer 2015 Protoplasma Vol.252 No.5
<P>The main goal of this study was to generate transgenic Perilla frutescens with enhanced antioxidant properties by overexpressing the γ-tocopherol methyltransferase (γ-tmt) gene. In this study, the antioxidant activity of methanolic crude extracts of transgenic and non-transgenic control plants was investigated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyl toluene as standard antioxidants. In general, the ethyl acetate fraction of transgenic P. frutescens showed stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than the ethyl acetate fraction from non-transgenic control plants (IC50 2.00??0.10 and 5.53??0.40?μg?ml(-1), respectively). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of phenolic acids in leaf extracts confirmed increased levels of 16 individual phenolic compounds in two transgenic lines (pf47-5 and pf47-8) compared with control plants. Changes in the phenolic compound profile and α-tocopherol content were correlated with the antioxidant properties of transgenic plants, indicating that the introduction of transgene γ-tmt influenced the metabolism of phenolic compounds and subsequently produced biochemical changes in the transformants. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic rate in the transgenic plants as compared to the non-transgenic control plants, suggesting that the alteration of phenolic compounds and tocopherol composition had little impact on photosynthesis.</P>
Cypsela morphology of <i>Cirsium</i> species (Asteraceae) and its taxonomic implications
Ghimire, Balkrishna,Suh, Gang Uk,Lee, Cheul Ho,Heo, Kweon,Jeong, Mi Jin Elsevier 2018 Flora Vol.249 No.-
<P><B>A b s t r a c t</B></P> <P>The cypsela morphology and anatomy of 15 species of <I>Cirsium</I> were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, with the aim of evaluating cypsela features for use in taxonomic studies. Considerable variation was observed in surface micromorphology and the anatomical characteristics of the pericarp and testa. Cypsela size and thickness of the pericarp and testa were categorized using biometric measurements. Multiple discriminant and cluster analyses were used to compare the morphology of cypselae among species. The distinguishing features were color, shape, size, pericarp and testa thickness, and microsculpture. Five basic surface types were identified: ribbed, scrobiculate-ribbed, scalariform, scrobiculate-reticulate, and irregular sulcate. Diagnostic anatomical traits comprised a few to multiple layers of pericarp overlain by a testa with a highly lignified epidermis and a crushed parenchymatous zone. The pericarp was usually distinct among the species investigated with the exception of <I>C. setidens</I> and <I>C. linare</I>, in which it has layers of crushed tissues. The endosperm was characterized by a single layer of cells overlying a massive embryo. ANOVA test showed significant differences among the investigated taxa (<I>P</I> < 0.0001) and an UPGMA tree revealed two well differentiated clusters with a dissimilarity level of 25.0. Although the investigated specimens represent a limited range of taxa, the results of this study highlight the importance of cypsela features in assessing the taxonomic similarities between <I>Cirsium</I> species.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The cypsela morphology and anatomy of 15 species of <I>Cirsium</I> were investigated. </LI> <LI> Considerable variances were observed in cypsela surface micromorphology and anatomical characteristics. </LI> <LI> Five basic types of surface patterns were identified. </LI> <LI> The ANOVA of quantitative cypsela features showed the significant differences among the investigated taxa. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ghimire, Ganesh,Dhakal, Krishna P,Neupane, Guru P,Gi Jo, Seong,Kim, Hyun,Seo, Changwon,Hee Lee, Young,Joo, Jinsoo,Kim, Jeongyong IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.18
<P>Organic/inorganic hybrid structures have been widely studied because of their enhanced physical and chemical properties. Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) and organic nanoparticles can provide a hybridization configuration between zero- and two-dimensional systems with the advantages of convenient preparation and strong interface interaction. Here, we present such a hybrid system made by dispersing <I>π</I>-conjugated organic (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(III)) (Alq<SUB>3</SUB>) nanoparticles (NPs) on 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. Hybrids of Alq<SUB>3</SUB> NP/1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB> exhibited a two-fold increase in the photoluminescence of Alq<SUB>3</SUB> NPs on 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and the n-doping effect of 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>, and these spectral and electronic modifications were attributed to the charge transfer between Alq<SUB>3</SUB> NPs and 1L-MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. Our results suggested that a hybrid of organic NPs/1L-TMD can offer a convenient platform to study the interface interactions between organic and inorganic nano objects and to engineer optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance.</P>
Embryological studies on <i>Abelia tyaihyoni</i> Nakai (Caprifoliaceae)
Ghimire, Balkrishna,Suh, Gang Uk,Lee, Cheul Ho,Heo, Kweon,Jeong, Mi Jin Elsevier 2018 Flora Vol.242 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Abelia tyaihyoni</I> is a Korean endemic species and also designated as an endangered taxon in the IUCN Red List. We present a comprehensive embryology of <I>A. tyaihyoni</I>, comparing it with previously available information on the Caprifoliaceae and related families, and identifying possible evolutionary trends. Overall, comparisons showed that <I>Abelia</I> is similar to the other genera of Caprifoliaceae in many embryological features, including the tetrasporangiate anther, the anther wall, dicotyledonous wall formation, fibrous endothecium, simultaneous cytokinesis, tetrahedral tetrads, and three-celled pollen grains. In addition, <I>Abelia</I> share anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate ovules, ephemeral antipodals, and a cellular-type endosperm with many caprifoliaceous genera. Some embryological features, such as the amoeboid tapetum with several nuclei forming a polyploid mass, bisporic <I>Allium</I>-type embryo sac, obturator, bilayered endocarp, and compressed exotesta, are here described for the first time in this genus. The results confirm that <I>A. tyaihyoni</I> shares some significant embryological features with other Caprifoliaceae. Although previous embryological studies on the Caprifoliaceae lack convincing evolutionary explanations, our comparative approach demonstrates some possible apomorphies in <I>Abelia</I> such as the presence of two sterile carpels, bisporic <I>Allium</I>-type embryo sac, single-seeded fruit, bilayered and sclerified endocarp, and compressed exotesta.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Abelia</I> is similar to the other Caprifoliaceae in many embryological features. </LI> <LI> Amoeboid tapetum with several nuclei forming polyploidy mass is new to the genus. </LI> <LI> Bisporic <I>Allium</I> type of embryo sac and obturator formation is also new to the genus. </LI> <LI> <I>Allium</I> embryo sac, bilayered endocarp & compressed exotesta are possible apomorphies for the family. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effect of Gibberellin and Light on Germination of Seeds in Codonopsis lanceolata Benth
Ghimire, Bimal Kumar,Shin, Chul-Min,Li, Cheng-Hao,Chung, Ill-Min,Lee, Dong-Wook,Kim, Hee-Young,Kim, Na-Young,Lim, Jung-Dae,Kim, Jae-Kwang,Kim, Myong-Jo,Cho, Dong-Ha,Lee, Sun-Joo,Yu, Chang-Yeon The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2006 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.14 No.5
Seed of Codonopsis lanceolata exhibits low germination due to impermeable seed coat. Prolonged seed dormancy can be overcome by the application of gibberellins, as it promotes growth of the embryo and weakens the structures surrounding of embryo. The effects of photoperiod, sugar and gibberellin concentration were investigated at constant temperature for 12 days and 22 days in vitro and invivo conditions respectively. The rate of germination of seeds of Codonopsis lanceolata in wet filter paper in both complete dark and light treatments was significantly lower than that of seed treated with $GA_3$. It clearly indicates that there is significant coat imposed dormancy in the seed of Codonopsis lanceolata. The rate of germination in vivo condition was lower than that of the in vitro condition supplemented with $GA_3$ Thus, the physical dormancy due to impermeable seed coat and low level of endogenous gibberellins in the seed was the cause of poor germination rate in Codonopsis lanceolata.