Anti-diabetic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with Argyreia nervosa Leaf Extract High Synergistic Antibacterial Activity with Standard Antibiotics Against Foodborne Bacteria

Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya,Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Benelli, Giovanni,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan,Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan,Kim, Dong-Su,Shin, Han-Seung Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of cluster science Vol.28 No.3

<P>The current investigation highlighted a novel cost-effective green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Argyreia nervosa leaves extract (ANE) as a potential reducing and capping agent. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed the formation of AgNPs with maximum absorbance at lambda (max) = 435 nm. FTIR revealed the involvement of biological macromolecules of ANE in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. HRTEM images showed that the size of the spherical AgNPs ranged between 5 and 40 nm with average particle size of about 15 nm. The ANE-AgNPs showed inhibition activity against carbohydrate digestive enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, with EC50 of 55.5 and 51.7 A mu g/mL, respectively, indicating its antidiabetic potential. The in vitro antioxidant activity of ANE-AgNPs was evaluated in terms of ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals scavenging assays with IC50 value of 44.3 and 55.9 A mu g/mL, respectively. The AgNPs displayed strong antibacterial activity against foodborne bacteria with zone of inhibition 16.0 and 12.5 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and also exhibited strong synergistic antibacterial activity together with standard antibiotics. The biological activity in terms of antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial potential could be useful in various bio-applications such as cosmetics, food, and biomedical industry.</P>

Screening and optimization of pretreatments in the preparation of sugarcane bagasse feedstock for biohydrogen production and process optimization

Saratale, Ganesh Dattatray,Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Kim, Sang Hyoun,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan Elsevier 2018 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.43 No.25

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work evaluated the effects of individual alkaline, sodium carbonate (Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> denoted as; NaC), sodium sulfide (Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB> denoted as; NaS) and combination of NaC + NaS pretreatment for the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The effects of different pretreatments on chemical composition and structural complexity of SCB in relation with its saccharification were investigated. For enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated SCB we have utilized the produced crude enzymes by <I>Streptomyces</I> sp. MDS to make the process more cost effective. A enzyme dose of 30 filter paperase (FPU) produced a maximum reducing sugar (RS) 592 mg/g with 80.2% hydrolysis yield from NaC + NaS pretreated SCB under optimized conditions. The resulted enzymatic hydrolysates of each pretreated SCB were applied for hydrogen production using <I>Clostridium beijerinckii</I> KCTC1785. NaC + NaS pretreated SCB hydrolysates exhibited maximum H<SUB>2</SUB> production relative to other pretreatment methods. Effects of temperature, initial pH of culture media and increasing NaC + NaS pretreated SCB enzymatic hydrolysates concentration (2.5–15 g/L) on bioH<SUB>2</SUB> production were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the cumulative H<SUB>2</SUB> production, H<SUB>2</SUB> production rate, and H<SUB>2</SUB> yield were 1485 mL/L, 61.87 mL/L/h and 1.24 mmol H<SUB>2</SUB>/mol of RS (0.733 mmol H<SUB>2</SUB>/g of SCB), respectively. The efficient conversion of the SCB hydrolysate to H<SUB>2</SUB> without detoxification proves the viability of process for cost-effective hydrogen production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pretreatments of alkaline, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide and combination demonstrated for sugarcane baggase. </LI> <LI> Several crucial factors towards optimization were carried out. </LI> <LI> Peak 59.2 g/L of reducing sugar (RS) with 80.2% hydrolysis yield from NaC + NaS pretreated SCB. </LI> <LI> Significant hydrogen production and process optimization using SCB hydrolysates studied in detail. </LI> </UL> </P>

Combined effect of inorganic salts with calcium peroxide pretreatment for kenaf core biomass and their utilization for 2,3-butanediol production

Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Shin, Han Seung,Ghodake, Gajanan S.,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan,Oh, Min Kyu,Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.258 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study focuses on development of calcium peroxide (CaO<SUB>2</SUB>) pretreatment that removes major part of lignin but retaining most of sugar components of kenaf core powder (KCP) biomass. In chemical pretreatment, usually higher loss of biomass occurs which was less during this pretreatment strategy. Supplementation of inorganic salts; manganese sulfate (MnSO<SUB>4</SUB>) and cobalt chloride (COCl<SUB>2</SUB>) in CaO<SUB>2</SUB> pretreatment resulted in maximum delignification of KCP relative to individual CaO<SUB>2</SUB> pretreatment. Maximum glucose yield (98%) and hydrolysis yield (80.5%) was achieved after enzymatic hydrolysis (30 FPU/g of KCP) under optimized conditions. Analytical results proved effective lignin removal and significant destruction of KCP with this pretreatment strategy. Finally, utilization of KCP enzymatic hydrolysates by developed strain <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> KMK05 resulted in maximum 2,3-butanediol (BDO) production (10.42 g/L) and BDO titer (0.385 g/g of sugar). BDO titer achieved with KCP derived sugars were found comparable with the mixture of standard sugars which is notable.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Developed CaO<SUB>2</SUB> pretreatment & optimized various operational parameters for KCP biomass. </LI> <LI> Addition of inorganic salts improved delignification, glucose yield and total sugar recovery. </LI> <LI> Maximum BDO production (10.42 g/L) was achieved using <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> KMK05. </LI> <LI> This novel pretreatment strategy abstained loss of sugar components of biomass. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Electrochemical Oxidation of Phenol for Wastewater Treatment Using Ti/PbO2 Electrode

Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Hwang, Kyoung-Jin,Song, Ji-Young,Saratale, Ganesh Dattatray,Kim, Dong-Su American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.142 No.2

<P>The electrochemical oxidation of phenol was studied using a Ti/PbO2 electrode prepared by the electrodeposition method with PbO2 coated on Ti. The structural and morphological activity of Ti/PbO2 was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and intermediates formed after degradation of phenol were quantitatively assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimization of various parameters such as current density, initial phenol concentration, initial solution pH, and different temperature and dose of Fe2+ on electrochemical degradation of phenol using Ti/PbO2 were investigated. Complete removal of phenol (250mgL-1) was observed at 50 degrees C, potential difference (5V), and at pH 2. Experimental results showed that the phenol removal rate increased with increasing current intensity along with significant reduction in total organic carbon (TOC). Fundamental kinetic data obtained for the degradation of phenol by Ti/PbO2 was found to follow in accordance with the zero-order kinetics with respect to the phenol concentration. This paper is expected to be useful for the development of electrochemical process using Ti/PbO2 for the degradation of phenol containing wastewater. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.</P>

Blood management strategies in congenital Glanzmann thrombasthenia at a hematology referral center

Ganesh Kasinathan,Jameela Sathar 대한혈액학회 2021 Blood Research Vol.56 No.4

Background Glanzmann thrombasthenia is associated with abnormalities in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor. This study, conducted at Ampang Hospital, Malaysia, aimed to assess outcomes of blood management strategies for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Methods Ten patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia aged 9 years (2009‒2018) were examined. Data on clinical characteristics, transfusion practices, and patient blood management were obtained from medical records. Patient blood management methods included parenteral iron, erythropoietin, hormonal pills, intrauterine progesterone contraceptive devices, tranexamic acid, and recombinant factor VIIa. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin levels and the proportion of patients who received blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes were morbidity and mortality. Results The median age at diagnosis was 8.2 years (range, 1‒15 yr). The female-to-male ratio was 9:1. Eight patients had type 2 disease (5‒20% of normal GPIIb/IIIa), and two patients had type 1 disease (normal GPIIb/IIIa <5%). All patients had iron deficiency. All female patients presented with significant menorrhagia. Other bleeding symptoms included epistaxis, spontaneous skin bruising, hemoptysis, gingival bleeding, knee hemarthrosis, and pelvic hematoma. No patient experienced life-threatening bleeding. Our patients had a mean hemoglobin level of 5.6 g/dL at diagnosis. All patients were optimized using non-transfusion methods as described above. Our patient had a current mean hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL. Approximately 70% (7/10) of patients did not experience receiving blood transfusions in the last 5 years. No patient experienced non-transfusion-related morbidities such as sepsis, thromboembolism, or cardiorespiratory events. Conclusion High cost, transfusion-related adverse events, and immunomodulation could be effectively prevented by avoiding unnecessary blood transfusions.

Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients In Malaysia

Ganesh, Sri,Lye, Munn-Sann,Lau, Fen Nee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: Among the factors reported to determine the quality of life of breast cancer patients are socio-demographic background, clinical stage, type of treatment received, and the duration since diagnosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) scores among breast cancer patients at a Malaysian public hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of breast cancer patients was conducted between March to June 2013. QOL scores were determined using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast cancer supplementary measure (QLQ-BR23). Both the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 assess items from functional and symptom scales. The QLQ-C30 in addition also measures the Global Health Status (GHS). Systematic random sampling was used to recruit patients. Results: 223 breast cancer patients were recruited with a response rate of 92.1%. The mean age of the patients was 52.4 years (95% CI = 51.0, 53.7, SD=10.3). Majority of respondents are Malays (60.5%), followed by Chinese (19.3%), Indians (18.4%), and others (1.8%). More than 50% of respondents are at stage III and stage IV of malignancy. The mean Global Health Status was 65.7 (SD = 21.4). From the QLQ-C30, the mean score in the functioning scale was highest for 'cognitive functioning' (84.1, SD=18.0), while the mean score in the symptom scale was highest for 'financial difficulties' (40.1, SD=31.6). From the QLQ-BR23, the mean score for functioning scale was highest for 'body image' (80.0, SD=24.6) while the mean score in the symptom scale was highest for 'upset by hair loss' (36.2, SD=29.4). Two significant predictors for Global Health Status were age and employment. The predictors explained 10.6% of the variation of global health status ($R^2=0.106$). Conclusions: Age and employment were found to be significant predictors for Global Health Status (GHS). The Quality of Life among breast cancer patients reflected by the GHS improves as age and employment increases.

Solid-phase Total Synthesis of Amide Analogues of Coibamide A: Azacoibamide A and O-Desmethyl Azacoibamide A

Ganesh A. Sable,Jaekwan Park,임수정,임동렬 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.3

Solid-phase total syntheses of highly methylated cyclic azacoibamide A and its O-desmethyl analogue were achieved. Two ester linkages of natural coibamide A were replaced by amide bonds to improve its pharmacokinetic properties. The synthetic strategy consists of the key on-resin macrocyclization, N,N-dimethylation, and final solution phase O-methylation reactions. Compared to the naturally occurring coibamide A, azacoibamide A and its O-desmethyl analogue displayed low micromolar activities against tested cancer cell lines.

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases : Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), A Distinct Subgroup of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia (IIP): Evolving Definition And Current Concepts In Management

( Ganesh Raghu ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2001 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.93 No.0

Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol forWireless Sensor Networks through SNR Based Dynamic Clustering Mechanisms

Ganesh, Subramanian,Amutha, Ramachandran The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.4

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance in WSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. In this study, we have modified the ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme, which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC) mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.

In vitro rumen fermentation kinetics, metabolite production, methane and substrate degradability of polyphenol rich plant leaves and their component complete feed blocks

( Ganesh N. Aderao ),( A. Sahoo ),( R. S. Bhatt ),( P. K. Kumawat ),( Lalit Soni ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2018 한국축산학회지 Vol.60 No.11

Background: This experiment aimed at assessing polyphenol-rich plant biomass to use in complete feed making for the feeding of ruminants. Methods: An in vitro ruminal evaluation of complete blocks (CFB) with (Acacia nilotica, Ziziphus nummularia leaves) and without (Vigna sinensis hay) polyphenol rich plant leaves was conducted by applying Menke’s in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. A total of six substrates, viz. three forages and three CFBs were subjected to in vitro ruminal fermentation in glass syringes to assess gas and methane production, substrate degradability, and rumen fermentation metabolites. Results: Total polyphenol content (g/Kg) was 163 in A. nilotica compared to 52.5 in Z. nummularia with a contrasting difference in tannin fractions, higher hydrolysable tannins (HT) in the former (140.1 vs 2.8) and higher condensed (CT) tannins in the later (28.3 vs 7.9). The potential gas production was lower with a higher lag phase (L) in CT containing Z. nummularia and the component feed block. A. nilotica alone and as a constituent of CFB produced higher total gas but with lower methane while the partitioning factor (PF) was higher in Z. nummularia and its CFB. Substrate digestibility (both DM and OM) was lower (P < 0.001) in Z. nummularia compared to other forages and CFBs. The fermentation metabolites showed a different pattern for forages and their CFBs. The forages showed higher TCA precipitable N and lower acetate: propionate ratio in Z. nummularia while the related trend was found in CFB with V. sinensis. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in A. nilotica leaves than V. sinensis hay and Z. nummularia leaves. It has implication on widening the forage resources and providing opportunity to use forage biomass rich in polyphenolic constituents in judicious proportion for reducing methane and enhancing green livestock production. Conclusion: Above all, higher substrate degradability, propionate production, lower methanogenesis in CFB with A. nilotica leaves may be considered useful. Nevertheless, CFB with Z. nummularia also proved its usefulness with higher TCA precipitable N and PF. It has implication on widening the forage resources and providing opportunity to use polyphenol-rich forage biomass for reducing methane and enhancing green livestock production.