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Development of a sandy soil water content monitoring system for greenhouses using Internet of Things
Mohammod Ali,Md Razob Ali,Md Ashrafuzzaman Gulandaz,Md Asrakul Haque,Md Sazzadul Kabir,Sun-Ok Chung 사단법인 한국정밀농업학회 2023 정밀농업과학기술지 Vol.5 No.3
Precision water management is crucial for greenhouse agriculture to maximize crop yields in sandy soil. Due to the low water holding capacity, it is necessary to monitor the water movement in different depths of sandy soil to ensure effective irrigation. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a data acquisition (DAQ) system for sandy soil water content monitoring in an experimental soil bin inside a greenhouse, utilizing the capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT). A drip irrigation system was implemented, arranged in four pipelines, spaced 60 cm apart, with drippers placed at 30 cm intervals along the pipeline. The overall system was installed in a sandy soil testing bin. A DAQ system was comprised of three basic units: sensor interfacing and circuit board, programming and sensor data acquisition, and data storage and monitoring. A microprocessor was used by interfacing a set of soil water content sensors, ambient temperature, and humidity sensors. The water content sensors were placed in the soil at different depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm, respectively. A microcontroller was used to collect and send the sensor data to monitor and store in memory. During the test, the maximum and minimum average of soil water content, ambient temperature, and humidity values were observed at 33.91±2.5 to 26.95±1.3%, 21.39±2.1 to 42.84±1.7°C, and 48.73±2.3 to 99.90±0.3%, respectively. The water content percentages were varied at different depths of sandy soil due to low water holding capacity. The developed automatic DAQ system would help with remote monitoring and control of greenhouse irrigation, considering the different crop characteristics and environmental conditions.
Yield monitoring systems for non-grain crops: A review
KABIR MD SAZZADUL,GULANDAZ MD ASHRAFUZZAMAN,ALI MOHAMMOD,레자 나심,사하눌 카빌,정선옥,한광민 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2024 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.51 No.1
Yield monitoring systems have become integral to precision agriculture, providing insights into the spatial variability of crop yield and playing an important role in modern harvesting technology. This paper aims to review current research trends in yield monitoring systems, specifically designed for non-grain crops, including cabbages, radishes, potatoes, and tomatoes. A systematic literature survey was conducted to evaluate the performance of various monitoring methods for non-grain crop yields. This study also assesses both mass- and volume-based yield monitoring systems to provide precise evaluations of agricultural productivity. Integrating load cell technology enables precise mass flow rate measurements and cumulative weighing, offering an accurate representation of crop yields, and the incorporation of image-based analysis enhances the overall system accuracy by facilitating volumetric flow rate calculations and refined volume estimations. Mass flow methods, including weighing, force impact, and radiometric approaches, have demonstrated impressive results, with some measurement error levels below 5%. Volume flow methods, including paddle wheel and optical methodologies, yielded error levels below 3%. Signal processing and correction measures also play a crucial role in achieving accurate yield estimations. Moreover, the selection of sensing approach, sensor layout, and mounting significantly influence the performance of monitoring systems for specific crops.
An loT-Based Drip Irrigation System for Precise Water Management in Sandy Soil Greenhouses
( Mohammad Ali ),( Bicamumakuba Emmanuel ),( Md Ashrafuzzaman Gulandaz ),( Md Razob Ali ),( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2
To enhance crop yields in greenhouse agriculture, precise water management is important, especially in sandy soil where water retention is challenging. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a data acquisition (DAQ) system to monitor the water content of sandy soil using the Internet of Things (IoT) in an experimental soil bin inside a greenhouse. The system used drip irrigation with four pipelines spaced 60 cm apart, each having drippers at 30 cm intervals along the pipeline. The whole setup was placed inside a sandy soil testing bin (3 × 3 m). The design of the DAQ system revolved around three essential components: sensor interface and electronics, programming for sensor data collection, and data storage and monitoring. The device utilized a microprocessor to establish communication with a set of sensors responsible for measuring soil water content, ambient temperature, and humidity. The soil water content sensors were placed in the soil at depths ranging from 0 to 50 cm. A microcontroller gathered and transmitted the sensor data for real-time monitoring and storage. The system indicated variations in soil water content during the experiment, with maximum and minimum average values ranging from 33.91±2.5 to 26.95±1.3%. Ambient temperature and humidity levels varied similarly, ranging from 21.39±2.1 to 42.84±1.7 ℃ and 48.73±2.3 to 99.90±0.3%, respectively. The developed DAQ system offers potential for greenhouse irrigation management, incorporating remote monitoring and control capabilities, considering various crop traits and climatic conditions.
알리모하마드 ( Mohammod Ali ),아스라푸자만구란다즈 ( Gulandaz Md Ashrafuzzaman ),레자나심 ( Md Nasim Reza ),하비네자엘리에젤 ( Habineza Eliezel ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2022 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.1
To ensure the durability of gears a fatigue analysis is essential to avoid failure during field operations under various dynamic loads. Therefore, the objective of the study was to conduct a theoretical fatigue analysis of spiral bevel gear to calculate the service life of the power transmission part of a utility track vehicle that is under development. A field experiment was performed to measure the applied load (torque) of the gear in various agricultural operations. A torque measurement system was developed to collect the axle torque data of the vehicle. The load duration distribution (LDD) method was applied to analyze the torque data to assess cyclic load characteristics. The Palmgren-Miner cumulative damage model was employed to predict fatigue failure levels of spiral bevel gears. The fatigue life under an empty platform with the driver, a lawnmower, a sprayer-trailer (150-L payload), and a lawnmower and 150-L payload trailer was recorded from 13,000 to 25,000 h approximately, which was a sufficient lifespan range of gears for 12-years service life. According to the analyses, the gears met the standard service life during field operations with attached implements. The results provided in this study can be used to design power transmission systems of utility vehicles for multipurpose agricultural operations.
샤피크키라가 ( Shafik Kiraga ),레자나심 ( Nasim Reza ),초두리밀런 ( Milon Chowdhury ),구란다즈아스라푸자만 ( Gulandaz Md Ashrafuzzaman ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2021 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.2
Chinese cabbage is a commercially valuable crop due to its various uses. Among its important quality parameters is mass, which can be used in the development of yield maps for yield monitoring. Previous research focused mostly on the use of load cell(s) and stereo-based approaches for mass estimation. This study aimed to propose a new method of mass estimation using three HY-SRF05 ultrasonic sensors, and compare it’s performance to that of a single load cell under laboratory conditions. An impact plate was fabricated and installed to receive impact of Cabbage as it dropped off an inclined conveyor. The load cell was calibrated with different loads and achieved an R2 fit of 0.986. Cabbage mass was calculated from the load cell signals. The effects of different dropping heights, plate angles, and conveyor speeds were also investigated. On the same conveyor, three sensors, two installed opposite to each other and at the top, were first calibrated using known distances, and then used to measure Cabbage length and thickness. Cabbage mass was calculated from its volume assuming an elliptical shape.. The proposed method had a mass estimation accuracy greater than 91%, slightly lower than that for the load cell’s 95%. The proposed method showed potential for mass estimation.