http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
International Competitiveness : A Comparison of the Manufacturing Sectors in Korea and Japan
Kyoji Fukao,Kenta Ikeuchi,YoungGak Kim,Hyeog Ug Kwon,Tatsuji Makino 서울대학교 경제연구소 2016 Seoul journal of economics Vol.29 No.1
Using firm-level data covering most firms in the manufacturing sectors of Korea and Japan, we compiled a new dataset of TFP and factor costs by firm size and industry. Employing this dataset, we quantitatively examine changes in the two countries’ relative competitiveness. Following Dekle, and Fukao’s (2011) approach based on production cost functions, we decompose intertemporal changes in the relative competitiveness of Korean firms vis-à-vis Japanese firms into four factors: (1) differences in TFP growth (catching up of Korean firms); (2) changes in relative factor prices; (3) changes in relative intermediate input prices; and (4) changes in real exchange rates. Using our new dataset, we also compare changes in the two countries’ competitiveness by different firm-size groups. We find that during the period of 1994-2010, the real wage rate of Korean workers doubled in most industries. Nevertheless, the competitiveness of Korean firms relative to their Japanese counterparts did not deteriorate. The main factors canceling out the impact of real wage increases were Korea’s higher TFP growth in many industries such as motor vehicles and the sharp decline in Korean intermediate input prices in some industries such as electrical and electronic machinery. We also find that in many industries the competitiveness of Korean small and medium-sized firms vis-à-vis their Japanese counterparts increased by more than that of large firms. Two important developments can be observed which likely contributed to the improved competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms in Korea vis-à-vis their rivals in Japan. First, in Korea, small and medium-sized firms registered higher TFP growth rates than large firms during 1994- 2010. And second, wage gaps across firm-size groups narrowed in Japan, while they widened in Korea.
Defects in Ketone Body Metabolism and Pregnancy
Fukao, Toshiyuki The Korea Society of Inherited Metabolic Disease 2018 대한유전성대사질환학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Pregnancy and delivery pose a high risk of developing metabolic decompensation in women with defects of ketone body metabolism. In this review, the available reported cases in pregnancy are summarized. It is very important to properly manage women with defects of ketone body metabolism during pregnancy, especially nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy, and during labor and delivery. Pregnant women with deficiencies of HMG-CoA lyase or succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) often experience metabolic decompensations with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, often requiring hospitalization. For successful delivery and to reduce stresses, vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia or elective cesarean delivery with epidural or spinal anesthesia are recommended for women with HMG-CoA lyase and SCOT deficiency. In beta-ketothiolase deficiency, four pregnancies in three patients had favorable outcomes without severe metabolic problems.
Control Design Method of Semi-Active Suspensions with Actuators
Takanori FUKAO,Takafumi SUZUKI,Hiroaki EGUCHI,Koichi OSUKA 한국자동차공학회 2005 한국자동차공학회 Workshop Vol.2005 No.-
Semi-active suspension systems which adjust the damping coefficients of the shock absorbers have been widely researched to improve the ride quality. But the property of the actuator is almost ignored because the system becomes nonlinear and it is difficult to design a controller. In this research, a backstepping method is introduced to combine H∞, control for frequency shaping with nonlinear control for actuators, Furthermore, a velocity-dependent nonlinear weight on the control error in backstepping is proposed to improve the control property. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by some simulation results.
Japanese Financial Instability and Weaknesses in the Corporate Governance Structure
Mitsuhiro Fukao 서울대학교 경제연구소 1998 Seoul journal of economics Vol.11 No.4
The sudden collapse of major financial institutions in November 1997, which were subject to examination by the authorities and external auditors, brought about the extraordinary situation whereby financial institutions lost mutual trust in the soundness of business operations. The interbank money market started to malfunction and an intense credit crunch emerged. Japanese financial institutions, companies and Asian nations faced a severe tightening of bank credit. The biggest causes of this turmoil are the Japan's weak accounting system, and the excessive stock portfolio held by banks. To restore confidence in Japan's financial system, corporate governance of financial institutions must be overhauled.
Deferred Compensation: Evidence from Employer-Employee Matched Data from Japan
Kyoji Fukao,Ryo Kambayashi,Daiji Kawaguchi,Hyeog Ug Kwon,Young Gak Kim,Izumi Yokoyama 한국계량경제학회 2007 한국계량경제학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.2
Wage increases, along with job tenure, are one of the most robust empirical regularities found in labor economics. Several theories explain these empirical regularities, and such theories offer sharp empirical predictions for the relation between productivity-tenure and wage-tenure profiles. The human capital model, with cost and benefit sharing between workers and employers, predicts a steeper productivity-tenure profile than wage-tenure profile. The matching quality model predicts that the two profiles will overlap. Theories that involve the information asymmetry between employers and employees predict a steeper wage-tenure profile than productivity-tenure profile to induce workers’ effort and enhance efficiency. This paper first estimate the establishment-level production function using the total wage bill as a measure of labor input using employer-employee matched data from Japan. After conditioning on the total wage bill, those establishments with more of aged workers produce less. Then we estimate the productivity-tenure profile and the wage-tenure profile by estimating the plant-level production function and the wage equation. These estimations offer a comprehensive test for the relative applicability of the two theories on the wage-tenure profile. Estimation results indicate a steeper wage-tenure profile than productivity-tenure profile and point to the relative importance of the deferred wage payment contract.
( Kyoji Fukao ),( Toshihiro Okubo ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2011 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.26 No.4
This paper analyzes the impact of firm networks on Japan`s national border effect. We estimate gravity equations using data on Japan`s international and interregional trade in four machinery industries (electrical, general, precision and transportation machinery). The machinery sector is the most important manufacturing sector for exports and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Japan. By taking into account international as well as interregional firm networks, we find that ownership relations usually enhance exports from parent firms to establishment. Consequently we can explain 15% (7%, 1% and 0.5%) of the decline in Japan`s border effect from 1980 to 1995 in precision (transportation, general electrical) machinery sector by the increase of international networks.
An International Comparison of the TFP Levels of Japanese, South Korean, and Chinese Listed Firms
Kyoji Fukao,Tomohiko Inui,Shigesaburo Kabe,Deqiang Liu 서울대학교 경제연구소 2008 Seoul journal of economics Vol.21 No.1
To compare the TFP level of firms in Japan, China, and South Korea, we first estimated the TFP of firms in each country using the method of Good, Nadiri, and Sickles (1997). Then we estimated the relative TFP by industry in the benchmark year using Japanese industries as benchmarks and combined the estimated TFP of firms. When estimating relative TFP by industry for South Korea and China, we applied the industry-level price estimates of the three countries from the ICPA project and converted industry outputs and inputs into the same currency unit (Japanese Yen). The estimation results obtained indicate that the productivity of Japanese firms is still higher than that of their Chinese and South Korean counterparts but that the productivity of South Korean firms is rapidly increasing, with the emergence of some firms that are now overtaking their Japanese rivals in terms of productivity, particularly in the electric machinery sector.