Cone-beam computed tomography–based radiographic considerations in impacted lower third molars: Think outside the box

Fahd Ali,Temerek Ahmed Talaat,Ellabban Mohamed T,Adam Samar Ahmed Nouby,Shaheen Sarah Diaa Abd El-wahab,Refai Mervat S,Shatat Zein Abdou 대한영상치의학회 2023 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.53 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the anatomic circle around the impacted lower third molar to show, document, and correlate essential findings that should be included in the routine radiographic assessment protocol as clinically meaningful factors in overall case evaluation and treatment planning. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of impacted lower third molars were selected according to specific inclusion criteria. Impacted teeth were classified according to their position before assessment. The adjacent second molars were assessed for distal caries, distal bone loss, and root resorption. The fourth finding was the presence of a retromolar canal distal to the impaction. Communication with the dentist responsible for each case was done to determine whether these findings were detected or undetected by them before communication. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found between impaction position, distal bone loss, and detected distal caries associated with the adjacent second molar. The greatest percentage of undetected findings was found in the evaluation of distal bone status, followed by missed detection of the retromolar canal. Conclusion: The radiographic assessment protocol for impacted third molars should consider a step-by-step evaluation for second molars, and clinicians should be aware of the high prevalence of second molar affection in horizontal and mesioangular impactions. They also should search for the retromolar canal due to its associated clinical considerations.

Effect of diets on the developmental rate of calliphorid fly of forensic importance Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794)

El Hadi Mohamed Rania Ali,Galil Fahd Mohammed Abd Al,Al-Keridis Lamya Ahmed,Al-Shuraym Laila A.,Al-Mekhlafi Fahd A.,Alhag Sadeq K. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of diets on the morphological parameters of different devel opmental stages of blowflies Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794). Adult C. megacephala flies were collected from a goat cadaver and reared in the laboratory when the max and min temperature were 32 and 24 ◦ C and the relative max and min humidity were ranged between 55 and 31% respectively. Blowflies at various feeding stages (first-, second-, and third-instar larvae) received different types of diets (meat, liver, fats, and mixed). The effects of the different diets on the life cycle duration and the morphological parameters of various stages were observed. The results revealed that the fat diet prolonged the post-mortem interval (PMI) up to 298.5 ± 1.15 hrs, whereas the mixed food diet shortened PMI to the 243.67 ± 0.12 hrs. Significant variation were observed at level (F = 740.71 df = 3P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mixed food diet significantly increased the morphological parameters (length, width, and weight) for almost all stages during the life cycle of blowflies. In contrast, the fat diet decreased these parameters to the lowest level. The present findings may provide a scientific basis for the determination of PMI.

Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates

Abd Al Galil Fahd Mohammed,Al‐Keridis Lamya Ahmed,AL‐Mekhlafi Fahd A.,Al‐Shuraym Laila A.,Alhag Sadeq K.,Ali El Hadi Mohamed Rania,Wadaan Muhammad A. 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.10

Chrysomya saffranea is an insect that is important in criminal forensics as it plays a large role in decomposition on human cadavers. In this paper, the different developmental stages of C. saffranea flies were studied in the laboratory on different food, such as meat, liver, fat tissue and mixed food, to test whether these media affect the development of their larvae and have an impact on the calculation of the post-mortem interval. Our results indicated a significant growth enhancement among flies that fed on the mixed food (pure fat, meat and liver minced in equal proportions) compared with those that fed on minced (pure fat tissues, pure meat of and minced liver) of buffalo. The present results also confirmed the impact of food on the growth of C. saffranea, as well as the post-mortem interval PMI.

Crohn's Disease with Fistula: 10 Year Trends and Mortality in the United States

( Hassam Ali ),( Rizwan Ishtiaq ),( Muhammad Waqar Hanif ),( Rahul Pamarthy ),( Muhammad Hassan Farooq ),( Muhammad Fahd Farooq ) 대한소화기학회 2022 대한소화기학회지 Vol.80 No.3

Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This study evaluated the temporal trends of CD hospitalizations with a fistula over the last decade to understand the outcomes of severe CD. Methods: National Inpatient Sample database from 2009 to 2019 was used to identify CD hospitalizations with a fistula. The outcomes of interest included temporal trend analysis of length of stay (LOS), mean inpatient cost (MIC), and mortality. Results: There was an increase in the total number of fistulizing CD hospitalizations from 5,386 in 2009 to 12,900 in 2019 (p<0.01). The mean age decreased from 44.9±0.6 to 41.8±0.4 years for the study period (p<0.01). Caucasians were the predominant ethnicity, followed by Africans, Hispanics, and others (p<0.001). The mean LOS for fistulizing CD hospitalizations decreased significantly from 11.57±0.09 days in 2009 to 7.20±0.05 days in 2019 (p<0.001). There was a significant decrease in inpatient mortality from 1.72% in 2009 to 0.73% in 2019 (p<0.01). The MIC did not have a significant trend. There was a decreasing trend toward partial/total colectomies, rectosigmoid, and small bowel surgeries from 2009 to 2019 (p<0.001). Conclusions: There has been a rise in CD hospitalizations with fistulizing disease in the last decade. Despite this, the mortality and inpatient LOS have been decreasing significantly. In addition, the increase in CD hospitalizations with fistulizing disease has had no significant effect on hospital costs. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2022;80:142-148)

Laparoscopy offers better clinical outcomes and long-term survival in patients with right colon cancer: experience from national cancer center

Shah, Muhammad Fahd,Naeem, Awais,Haq, Ihtisham ul,Riaz, Shehryar,Shakeel, Osama,Panteleimonitis, Sofoklis,Khattak, Shahid,Syed, Aamir Ali,Parvaiz, Amjad 대한대장항문학회 2022 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: Laparoscopic approach to colonic tumor requires skill set and resources to be established as routine standard of care in most centers around the world. It presents particular challenge in country like Pakistan due to economic constrain and lack of teaching and training opportunities available for surgeons to be trained to deliver such service. The aim of this study is to look into changing practice of our institution from conventional approach of open to laparoscopic surgery for right colon cancer. Methods: Consecutive patients between January 2010 to December 2018 who presented to Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre with diagnosis of right colon (cecum, ascending and transverse colon) adenocarcinoma and underwent surgical resections were included in this study. Results: A total of 230 patients with adenocarcinoma of the right colon underwent curative resections during the study period. Of these, 141 patients (61.3%) underwent laparoscopic surgery while open resection was performed in 89 patients (38.7%). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III (80.9% vs. 54.8%, P=0.021) was significantly better if these patients underwent laparoscopic surgery while a trend toward better DFS (96.7% vs. 84.1%, P=0.111) was also observed in AJCC stage II patients, although this difference was not significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the adoption of a laparoscopic approach for right colon cancer over 10 years. With a standardized approach and using the principle of oncological surgery, we incorporated this in our minimally invasive surgery practice at our institution.

Deep recurrent neural networks with word embeddings for Urdu named entity recognition

Khan, Wahab,Daud, Ali,Alotaibi, Fahd,Aljohani, Naif,Arafat, Sachi Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.1

Named entity recognition (NER) continues to be an important task in natural language processing because it is featured as a subtask and/or subproblem in information extraction and machine translation. In Urdu language processing, it is a very difficult task. This paper proposes various deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) learning models with word embedding. Experimental results demonstrate that they improve upon current state-of-the-art NER approaches for Urdu. The DRRN models evaluated include forward and bidirectional extensions of the long short-term memory and back propagation through time approaches. The proposed models consider both language-dependent features, such as part-of-speech tags, and language-independent features, such as the "context windows" of words. The effectiveness of the DRNN models with word embedding for NER in Urdu is demonstrated using three datasets. The results reveal that the proposed approach significantly outperforms previous conditional random field and artificial neural network approaches. The best f-measure values achieved on the three benchmark datasets using the proposed deep learning approaches are 81.1%, 79.94%, and 63.21%, respectively.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Associated Risk Factors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Hospital Based Case Control Study

Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali,Alharbi, Fahd,Bajonaid, Amal Mansoor S,Moafa, Ibtisam Hussain Y,Sharwani, Abubakker Al,Alamir, Abdulwahab Hussain A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10

Background: Oral cancer is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia, the highest incidence of which is reported from Jazan province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of various locally used substances, especially shamma, with oral cancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was designed and patient records were scanned for histologically confirmed oral cancer cases. Forty eight patients who were recently diagnosed with oral cancer were selected as cases. Two healthy controls were selected for each observed case and they were matched with age (+/- 5 years) gender and location. Use of different forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, pipe-smoking and shamma (smokeless-tobacco) was assessed. Khat, a commonly used chewing substance in the community was also included. Descriptive analysis was first performed followed by multiple logistic regression (with and without interaction) to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results: Mean age of the study sample (56% males and 44% females) was 65.3 years. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that shamma use increased the odds of developing oral cancer by 29 times (OR=29.3; 10.3-83.1). Cigarette (OR=6.74; 2.18-20.8) was also seen to have an effect. With the interaction model the odds ratio increased significantly for shamma users (OR=37.2; 12.3-113.2) and cigarette smokers (OR=10.5; 2.88-3.11). Khat was observed to have negative effect on the disease occurrence when used along with shamma (OR=0.01; 0.00 - 0.65). Conclusions: We conclude that shamma, a moist form of smokeless tobacco is a major threat for oral cancer occurrence in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. This study gives a direction to conduct further longitudinal studies in the region with increased sample size representing the population in order to provide more substantial evidence.

A horizontal and vertical crossover cuckoo search: optimizing performance for the engineering problems

Su Hang,Zhao Dong,Yu Fanhua,Heidari Ali Asghar,Xu Zhangze,Alotaibi Fahd S,Mafarja Majdi,Chen Huiling 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.1

As science and technology advance, more engineering-type problems emerge. Technology development has likewise led to an increase in the complexity of optimization problems, and the need for new optimization techniques has increased. The swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is popular among researchers as a flexible, gradient-independent optimization method. The cuckoo search (CS) algorithm in the population intelligence algorithm has been widely used in various fields as a classical optimization algorithm. However, the current CS algorithm can no longer satisfy the performance requirements of the algorithm for current optimization problems. Therefore, in this paper, an improved CS algorithm based on a crossover optimizer (CC) and decentralized foraging (F) strategy is proposed to improve the search ability and the ability to jump out of the local optimum of the CS algorithm (CCFCS). Then, in order to verify the performance of the algorithm, this paper demonstrates the performance of CCFCS from six perspectives: core parameter setting, balance analysis of search and exploitation, the impact of introduced strategies, the impact of population dimension, and comparison with classical algorithms and similar improved algorithms. Finally, the optimization effect of CCFCS on real engineering problems is tested by five classic cases of engineering optimization. According to the experimental results, CCFCS has faster convergence and higher solution quality in the algorithm performance test and maintains the same excellent performance in engineering applications.

Reasons and Motivations for Cigarette Smoking and Barriers against Quitting Among a Sample of Young People in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Baig, Mukhtiar,Bakarman, Marwan A,Gazzaz, Zohair J,Khabaz, Mohamad N,Ahmed, Tahir J,Qureshi, Imtiaz A,Hussain, Muhammad B,Alzahrani, Ali H,Al-Shehri, Ali A,Basendwah, Mohammad A,Altherwi, Fahd B,Al-Sh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Tobacco consumption has grave negative consequences for health so that it is important to understand the reasons and motivations towards cigarette smoking and barriers against quitting smoking among the young generation for developing effective policies to control this widespread problem. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 438 young smokers participated from the University and the general population. Data were collected through anonymous, self-administered questionnaires in the Arabic language that contained questions about the reasons and motivations towards cigarette smoking and barriers against quitting smoking. The questionnaire also contained several questions regarding knowledge and attitude of the participants towards cigarette smoking. The data was analyzed on SPSS-16. Results: The mean age of the respondents was $22.9{\pm}3.48$, out of 438 subjects 87 (19.9%) were married, and 351 (80.1%) were unmarried, and 331 (75.6%) belonged to urban areas while 107 (24.5%) were from the rural areas. Responding to a question about a number of cigarettes smoked per day, 31% answered 11-20, 29% answered 21-30, and 25% answered 1-10. Questioned about smokers in the family, 34.5% responded more than one, with 19% for brother and 13% for father. About the reasons for not quitting smoking, 26% described lack of willpower, 25% had no reason, 22% said that people around me smoke, and 15.3% responded stress at home/work. The major motivation for smokers was smoker friends (42%), for 33.8% others, for 12% father/brother and 7.8% media. Conclusions: There are several avoidable and preventable reasons and barriers against quitting smoking. However, knowledge and attitude about smoking were good, and the majority of the smokers were well aware of the associated hazards. Therefore, there is a need to search out ways and means to help them to quit this addiction.