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Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Usage among Adolescent Students in Northern Saudi Arabia
Algorinees, Rakan Mosa,Alreshidi, Ibrahim Ghazy Kiran,Alateeq, Mohammed Fahad Mohammed,Alghuraymi, Abdullah Abdulaziz Salem,Alfayez, Adel Ahmed Abdulrahman,Almuzaini, Fahad khaled Fahad,Alsaif, Mohamm Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8
Background: Cigarette smoking is a major public health issue in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in recent years, particularly among adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking usage among adolescent students in the north of the country. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study investigated 305 adolescent students from the Northern KSA population, their ages ranging from 11 to 19 years old. Results: Of the 287 respondents, 56/287(19.5%) were found to be current smokers. Of the 56 current smokers, 14/52 (27%), 29/52 (55.8%), and 9/52 (17.2%) smoked 1-3, 4-10 and 11+cigarettes/day, respectively. For duration most had smoked for 26-36 months. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that cigarette smoking use is still an important risk behavior among adolescent students. The findings of this study found a significant association of cigarette smoking usage and adolescents various believes and attitude for initiation of smoking and perception toward knowledge of other factors that contribute to the burden of tobacco use.
Grey wolf optimization based clustering algorithm for vehicular ad-hoc networks
Fahad, Muhammad,Aadil, Farhan,Rehman, Zahoor-ur-,Khan, Salabat,Shah, Peer Azmat,Muhammad, Khan,Lloret, Jaime,Wang, Haoxiang,Lee, Jong Weon,Mehmood, Irfan Elsevier 2018 Computers & electrical engineering Vol.70 No.-
<P>In vehicular ad-hoc network (VANETs), frequent topology changes occur due to fast moving nature of mobile nodes. This random topology creates instability that leads to scalability issues. To overcome this problem, clustering can be performed. Existing approaches for clustering in VANETs generate large number of cluster-heads which utilize the scarce wireless resources resulting in degraded performance. In this article, grey wolf optimization based clustering algorithm for VANETs is proposed, that replicates the social behaviour and hunting mechanism of grey wolfs for creating efficient clusters. The linearly decreasing factor of grey wolf nature enforces to converge earlier, which provides the optimized number of clusters. The proposed method is compared with well-known meta-heuristics from literature and results show that it provides optimal outcomes that lead to a robust routing protocol for clustering of VANETs, which is appropriate for highways and can accomplish quality communication, confirming reliable delivery of information to each vehicle. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
3-D Shape Recovery from Image Focus Using no-reference sharpness metric based on inherent sharpness
Fahad Mahmood,Muhammad Tariq Mahmood,Javaid Iqbal 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Recovering an accurate depth map from its corresponding 2-D images using shape from focus architecture is a convoluted issue in computer vision and signal processing society. This paper contributes a new robust focus measure for 3-D shape recovery based on discrete wavelet transform and inherent sharpness approach. This novel focus measure technique utilizes no-reference sharpness metric based on inherent sharpness approach. The no-reference sharpness metric estimates a perceptual sharpness score based on the coefficients of discrete wavelet transform. To obtain the data of high frequency elements in an image the perceptual sharpness metric utilizes diagonal coefficients and approximated sub-signal of wavelet decomposition. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is evaluated by comparing it with state of art shape from focus approaches by conducting experiments on real and synthetic image sequences. Two global statistical metrics are utilized for performance evaluation by conducting experiments on real world images and synthetic image sequences. The evaluation is estimated on the basis of monotonicity and unimodality of the focus measure curve. The experimented results are then discussed in various forms to support the proposed scheme.
ON DIFFERENT NOTIONS OF TRANSITIVITY FOR QTAG-MODULES
( Fahad Sikander ),( Ayazul Hasan ),( Alveera Mehdi ) 호남수학회 2016 호남수학학술지 Vol.38 No.2
A module M over an associative ring R with unity is a QTAG-module if every finitely generated submodule of any ho- momorphic image of M is a direct sum of uniserial modules. Re- cently, the authors introduced the classes of QTAG-modules namely as socle-regular and strongly socle-regular QTAG-modules which properly contain the classes of transitive and fully transitive QTAG- modules respectively. Here we define strongly and quasi transitivi- ties and study the inter relations between various type of transitiv- ities.
On different notions of transitivity for $\mathversion{bold}{QTAG}$-Modules
Fahad Sikander,Alveera Mehdi,Ayazul Hasan 호남수학회 2016 호남수학학술지 Vol.38 No.2
A module $M$ over an associative ring $R$ with unity is a $QTAG$-module if every finitely generated submodule of any homomorphic image of $M$ is a direct sum of uniserial modules. Recently, the authors introduced the classes of $QTAG$-modules namely as socle-regular and strongly socle-regular $QTAG$-modules which properly contain the classes of transitive and fully transitive $QTAG$-modules respectively. Here we define strongly and quasi transitivities and study the inter relations between various type of transitivities.
Fahad Azad,Asghari Maqsood 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.3
Nano crystalline erbium oxide (Er2O3) was synthesized in the laboratory through sol-gel method. The effect of different annealing temperatures on the crystal structure has been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The comparison of the specific surface area (s); calculated using Brunauer, Emmett & Teller theory and (XRD) results, was made and found in agreement with an approximate error of 7%. The morphology of the samples has been studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particles are found having a spherical morphology. Elemental analysis of the erbium oxide was also carried using energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) of the synthesized samples. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) of the prepared samples showed the characteristic peaks for Er2O3. The dielectric properties of Er2O3 were also studied in the wide range of frequency (100 Hz - 5MHz). The activation energy for erbium oxide was found to be between 0.5 - 0.8 eV in the temperature range of 373 K - 573 K. Hall effect measurements were done on the synthesized erbium oxide and it was found that erbium oxide can have useful applications in the Hall effect sensors (HES).