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Furlong, Michael,Seong, Jae Young The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.1
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), also known as G protein-coupled receptors, are popular targets of drug development, particularly 7TMR systems that are activated by peptide ligands. Although many pharmaceutical drugs have been discovered via conventional bulk analysis techniques the increasing availability of structural and evolutionary data are facilitating change to rational, targeted drug design. This article discusses the appeal of neuropeptide-7TMR systems as drug targets and provides an overview of concepts in the evolution of vertebrate genomes and gene families. Subsequently, methods that use evolutionary concepts and comparative analysis techniques to aid in gene discovery, gene function identification, and novel drug design are provided along with case study examples.
( Michael Furlong ),( Jae Young Seong ) 한국응용약물학회 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.1
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), also known as G protein-coupled receptors, are popular targets of drug development, particularly 7TMR systems that are activated by peptide ligands. Although many pharmaceutical drugs have been discovered via conventional bulk analysis techniques the increasing availability of structural and evolutionary data are facilitating change to rational, targeted drug design. This article discusses the appeal of neuropeptide-7TMR systems as drug targets and provides an overview of concepts in the evolution of vertebrate genomes and gene families. Subsequently, methods that use evolutionary concepts and comparative analysis techniques to aid in gene discovery, gene function identification, and novel drug design are provided along with case study examples.
Choi, Minkyu,Furlong, Edward T.,Werner, Stephen L.,Pait, Anthony S.,Lee, In-Seok,Choi, Hee-Gu 한국해양학회 2014 Ocean science journal Vol.49 No.3
Concerns have emerged regarding the presence of human-use pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments. We investigated the status of contamination by 29 human-use pharmaceuticals as well as wastewater indicator compounds, fecal sterols and the synthetic endocrine disruptor nonylphenol, in marine sediments from Masan Bay, one of the most contaminated bays in Korea as a result of untreated and/or treated sewage. Among the 29 pharmaceuticals determined, 10 including antacid, analgesic, antibiotic, and antipruritic compounds, and metabolites of caffeine and nicotine were detected in all sediment samples. Cimetidine, acetaminophen, and 1,7-dimethylxanthine were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals (frequency > 50%), and at high concentrations. The highest concentrations and detection frequencies were at stations located close to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls and at the river mouth. The spatial distributions of pharmaceutical were significantly correlated with those of wastewater compounds. These results indicate that occurrence of the pharmaceuticals in marine environments is likely associated with direct sewage inputs, such as WWTP effluents and with other sewage-influenced sources, such as river discharge.
Prevertebrate Local Gene Duplication Facilitated Expansion of the Neuropeptide GPCR Superfamily
Yun, Seongsik,Furlong, Michael,Sim, Mikang,Cho, Minah,Park, Sumi,Cho, Eun Bee,Reyes-Alcaraz, Arfaxad,Hwang, Jong-Ik,Kim, Jaebum,Seong, Jae Young University of Chicago Press 2015 Molecular biology and evolution Vol.32 No.11
<P>In humans, numerous genes encode neuropeptides that comprise a superfamily of more than 70 genes in approximately 30 families and act mainly through rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R WGD) during early vertebrate evolution greatly contributed to proliferation within gene families; however, the mechanisms underlying the initial emergence and diversification of these gene families before 2R WGD are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed 25 vertebrate rhodopsin-like neuropeptide GPCR families and their cognate peptides using phylogeny, synteny, and localization of these genes on reconstructed vertebrate ancestral chromosomes (<I>VAC</I>s). Based on phylogeny, these GPCR families can be divided into five distinct clades, and members of each clade tend to be located on the same <I>VAC</I>s. Similarly, their neuropeptide gene families also tend to reside on distinct <I>VAC</I>s. Comparison of these GPCR genes with those of invertebrates including <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I>, <I>Caenorhabditis elegans</I>, <I>Branchiostoma floridae</I>, and <I>Ciona intestinalis</I> indicates that these GPCR families emerged through tandem local duplication during metazoan evolution prior to 2R WGD. Our study describes a presumptive evolutionary mechanism and development pathway of the vertebrate rhodopsin-like GPCR and cognate neuropeptide families from the urbilaterian ancestor to modern vertebrates.</P>
AlanaW. Govender,Michael J. Furlong 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3
The effects of constant rearing temperatures on the development and survival of Amblypelta nitida, Amblypelta lutescens lutescens (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and their egg parasitoid, Anastatus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), were studied in the laboratory. Amblypelta nitida and A. l. lutescens survival and development were studied at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The development rate of both species increased linearly with increasing temperature but insects only developed to adults at 20, 25 and 30 °C; at these temperatures, mean development times for A. nitidawere 87, 64 and 29 days and for A. l. lutescens theywere 93, 65 and 31 days respectively. No eggs of either species hatched at 10 °C and only A. l. lutescens eggs hatched at 35 °C. At all temperatures atwhich insects developed beyond the first instar, mortality rates were highest in the second instar for both species. Lower developmental threshold temperatures to complete development were 15.9 °C and 17.1 °C for A. nitida and A. l. lutescens respectively; A. nitida required 421 degree-days and A. l. lutescens required 404 degree-days to complete development. Anastatus sp. completed development at all six study temperatures and development times decreased from 54 days at 17.5 °C to 16 days at 30 °C; similarly Anastatus sp. survival increased with increasing temperature. The lower developmental threshold temperature and degree-days required for Anastatus sp. to complete development were 15.0 °C and 234 degree-days respectively. Results are discussed with respect to the different geographical distributions of A. nitida and A. l. lutescens and likely interactions with Anastatus sp.
FAMILY PLANNING OPINION LEADERSHIP IN KOREA : 1971
PALMORE,JAMES A,BUCHMEIER,FRANCIS X,FURLONG,MICHAE J,PARK,HAN INSOOK,SOUDER,LAURA M 연세대학교 동서문제연구소 1975 東西硏究 JOURNAL OF EAST AND WEST STUDIES Vol.4 No.2
In effect, what characterized Korean family planning opinion leaders in 1971 was a rather rational and democratic model. Those who had had actually tried methods, discussed them, and knew a lot about them played the leadership role more than others. Place of residence, education, and other such variables mattered relatively little unless the woman had the credibility imparted by actual use and the knowledge imparted by use or discussions with family planning professionals.
Reactivity of hydroxyl radicals with neonicotinoid insecticides: mechanism and changes in toxicity
Dell'Arciprete, Maria L.,Santos-Juanes, Lucas,Sanz, Antonio Arques,Vicente, Rafael,Amat, Ana M.,Furlong, Jorge P.,Martirea, Daniel O.,Gonzalez, Monica C. Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.7
The reactivity of hydroxyl radicals ($HO^{\cdot}$) towards three neonicotonoid insecticides, namely imidacloprid, thiacloprid and acetamiprid was investigated. These radicals were generated by photolysis of $H_2O_2$ solutions. Flash photolysis experiments were used to determine the rate constants of $5.5{\times}10^{10}M^{-1}s{-1}$, $6{\times}10^{10}M^{-1}s^{-1}$, and $7.5{\times}10^{10}M^{-1}s^{-1}$, for the reactions of $HO^{\cdot}$ with acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid, respectively. Continuous irradiation experiments in the absence and presence of $H_2O_2$ allowed the identification and toxicity evaluation of the primary photo- and oxidation products of the insecticides. In all cases, the less toxic 6-chloronicotinic acid was found to be the major product at higher degrees of oxidation. The results reported here indicate that the half life of the insecticides due to their reaction with $HO^{\cdot}$ radicals in natural aquatic reservoirs may vary between 5 h and 19 days, and therefore the hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation may be a significant abiotic elimination route. However, elimination of the insecticide under such conditions might not improve the quality of the contaminated water, as the primary products of degradation still show considerable toxicity to Vibrio fischeri assays.