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THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL ACTIONS ON GENEROSITY TO CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS
Etienne Denis,Claude Pecheux 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
Based upon the assumption that emotional responses lead to behaviors, authors have focused on the antecedents of emotions and very limited research has been conducted to identify the conditions under which emotions lead to generosity (Ch?dotal et al., 2017). Manipulating the emotional valence and the proximity between donors and beneficiaries, we show that whereas guilt leads to more generosity, positive emotions have the opposite effects. We also detail the moderating role of empathic tendencies and proximity. As a cover story for our experiments, people had to answer questions about their TV habits. Participants were financially rewarded and given the opportunity to keep or to donate the endowment to a fictitious charity. To manipulate the emotional valence, participants were given time to describe an event in which they had done something negative or positive to someone important to them (Xu et al., 2014). To manipulate the perceived proximity with the victims, participants could give to a charity operating in a geographically close area or in a remote area. Study 1 (n = 127;Mage = 22.69;st.dev = 1.73 ) investigated the impact of guilt feelings and confirmed that their positive impact on generosity is moderated by empathic tendencies an perceived proximity with the victims. Study 2 (n = 134;Mage = 22.83;st.dev = 1.35 ) investigated the impact of positive feelings and confirmed their negative impact on generosity. Finally, Study 3 (n=183;Mage=21.05;st.dev = 1.37 ) generalized results from Study 1 and Study 2 to anticipated feelings. This research helps to better understand the role of emotions that people experience after engaging in good or bad behaviors on charitable giving. Although the positive (negative) impact of negative (positive) feelings on prosocial behaviors have been suggested in prior studies (Sachdeva et al., 2009; Renner et al., 2013), we identify the conditions under which such effects take place.
Strategic Interactions on Structural Reforms Between Integrated Economies: What Lessons for the EU?
( Etienne Lehmann ),( Emmanuelle Taugourdeau ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2004 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.19 No.1
We show that the domestic output increases with a foreign country`s structural reform and decreases with foreign country`s fiscal policy. Hence, when governments act non-cooperatively, they implement too low structural reforms and too much fiscal policies.
Design and testing of low-divergence elliptical-jet nozzles
Etienne Rouly,Andrew Warkentin,Robert Bauer 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.5
A novel approach was developed to design and fabricate nozzles to produce high-pressure low-divergence fluid jets. Rapid-prototypefabrication allowed for myriad experiments investigating effects of different geometric characteristics of nozzle internal geometry on jetdivergence angle and fluid distribution. Nozzle apertures were elliptical in shape with aspect ratios between 1.00 and 2.45. The resultingnozzle designs were tested and the lowest elliptical jet divergence angle was 0.4 degrees. Nozzle pressures and flowrates ranged from0.32 to 4.45 MPa and 13.6 to 37.9 LPM, respectively. CimCool CimTech 310 machining fluid was used in all experiments at a Brix concentrationof 6.6 percent.
Strategic Interactions on structural Reforms Between Intergrated Economies: What Lessons for the EU?
Etienne Lehmann,Emmanuelle Taugourdeau 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2004 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.19 No.1
We show that the domestic output increases with a foreign country's structural reform and decreases with foreign country’s fiscal policy. Hence, when governments act non-cooperatively, they implement too low structural reforms and too much fiscal policies. We show that the domestic output increases with a foreign country's structural reform and decreases with foreign country’s fiscal policy. Hence, when governments act non-cooperatively, they implement too low structural reforms and too much fiscal policies.
Stability and error of the variable two-step BDF for semilinear parabolic problems
Etienne Emmrich 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.19 No.1-2
The temporal discretisation of a moderate semilinear parabolic problem in an abstract setting by the two-step backward differentiation formula with variable step sizes is analysed. Stability as well as optimal smooth data error estimates are derived if the ratios of adjacent step sizes are bounded from above by 1.91.
( Etienne Ho Kit Mok ),( Carmen Oi Ning Leung ),( Martina Mang Leng Lei ),( Terence Kin Wah Lee ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Acquired drug resistance is a hurdle for effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We have established sorafenib-resistant HCC patient-derived xenografts and found that cholesterol biosynthesis was most significantly upregulated in sorafenib-resistant PDTX cells with enhanced cholesterol deposition. This observation is similarly observed in lenvatinib- resistant HCC xenografts. This, together with an observation that SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis was activated in enriched liver CSC populations, prompt us to investigate the role of SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis in regulation of drug resistance of HCC via augmentation of liver CSCs. Methods: We evaluated the clinic-pathological relevance of SREBP2 and its correlation with sorafenib resistance in HCC samples by immunohistochemistry. CRISPR activation and knockdown approaches were performed to characterize the functional roles of SREBP2 in regulating liver CSCs. Pathways mediating the phenotypic alterations was identified through RNA sequencing analysis. The combinatorial effect of Simvastatin and sorafenib was tested using patient-derived tumour xenograft (PDTX) model. Results: We found that SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis was found to critically involve in regulation of liver CSCs, including self-renewal, cell invasiveness and tumorigenicity, and bears clinical significance. Strikingly, this process is a crucial determinant for drug resistance in HCC cells, and correlated with sorafenib resistance in sorafenib-treated HCC patients. Exogenous cholesterol also exerted the similar effect on cancer stemness, drug resistance, and expansion of HCC organoids. Sorafenib/lenvatinib induced nuclear translocation of SREBP2 from endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in activation of cholesterol biosynthesis-driven sonic hedgehog signaling (SHH) pathway. Simvastatin, a FDA-approved cholesterol lowering drug, sensitized the effects to sorafenib/lenvatinib via hampering liver CSC populations. Using PDTX model, we found that simvastatin at the clinically equivalent dose (40 mg) not only suppressed HCC tumor growth but also sensitized the effect to sorafenib. Conclusions: We reveal a previously unrecognized link between SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and cancer stemness that modulates acquired drug resistance of cancer cells.