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Foreign orientation as a precondition for export success
Erwin Dichtl;Park, Ki-an;H.-G. Koglmayr;S. Muller 경희대학교 산업관계연구소 1986 産硏論叢 Vol.11 No.-
Every country, particularly if it depends on foreign trade to such a high degree as the Federal Republic of Germany, has a vital interest in exploiting all its export opportunities. The authors have developed a measurement concept focusing on the foreign orientation of business managers. Our empirical research suggests that as much as one third of the small and medium-sized firms in this country hitherto displaying a largely domestic orientation, could be turned into successful exporters. The article not only reveals obstacles to exporting as perceived by the managers concerned, but also points to specific measures which might improve the efficiency of existing export promotion programmes.
Systematic analysis of needs and requirements for the design of smart manufacturing systems in SMEs
Erwin Rauch,Andrew R. Vickery 한국CDE학회 2020 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.7 No.2
With the increasing trend of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 or smart manufacturing, many companies are now facing the challenge of implementing Industry 4.0 methods and technologies. This is a challenge especially for small and medium-sized enterprises, as they have neither sufficient human nor financial resources to deal with the topic sufficiently. However, since small and medium-sized enterprises form the backbone of the economy, it is particularly important to support these companies in the introduction of Industry 4.0 and to develop appropriate tools. This work is intended to fill this gap and to enhance research on Industry 4.0 for small and medium-sized enterprises by presenting an exploratory study that has been used to systematically analyze and evaluate the needs and translate them into a final list of (functional) requirements and constraints using axiomatic design as scientific approach.
Erwin Danil Yulian,Nurjati Chairani Siregar,Bajuadji 대한암학회 2021 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.53 No.4
Purpose The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is limited due to drug resistance and cardiotoxic effects. Preclinical studies have shown that statin induces apoptosis and decreases breast cancer cell growth. This study aims to evaluate the role of statin in combination with fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) therapy in LABC patients. Materials and Methods We undertook a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in two centers of Indonesia. Patients were randomly assigned to FAC plus simvastatin (40 mg/day orally) or FAC plus placebo (40 mg/day) for 21 days. The FAC regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. We evaluated the clinical response, pathological response, and toxicities. Results The objective response rate (ORR) for FAC plus simvastatin was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.67) by per-protocol analysis. No complete responses (CR) were recorded, but there were 48 partial responses. No significant difference was obser-ved between the two groups with the ORR (p=0.103). The pathological CR rate was 6.25% (2 in simvastatin group and 1 in placebo group). Adverse events in both arms were generally mild, mainly consisted of myotoxicity. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression was a factor related to the success of therapeutic response (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.121 to 15.731; p=0.033). Conclusion This study suggests that simvastatin combined with FAC shows improvements in ORR and pathological response in patients with LABC. Although no statistically significant difference was documented, there was a trend for better activity and tolerability. The addition of 40 mg simvastatin may improve the efficacy of FAC in LABC patients with HER2 overexpression.