Tracklet-Global Track Association and Fusion Methods in Distributed Sensor Networks

Fan En,Shen Shi-gen,Hu Ke-li,Yuan Chang-hong,Wang Pin 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.6

In distributed sensor networks, track association and track fusion become difficult due to the existence of various uncertainties in multiple target tracking (MTT). In an actual tracking system, state estimates of a local track are usually transmitted from local nodes to the global node by message, and each message generally contains single state estimate. Based on this fact, one can define two state estimates of a local track in continuous times as a tracklet. Then, local track-global track association can be divided into tracklet-global track (T2GT) association in real time. Hence, a T2GT association method based on Hough transform (HT-T2GT) is proposed. By Hough transform, all the tracklets in the same interval can be mapped into a set of points in Hough space, and the track association problem can be transformed as one of point clustering in Hough space. The maximum entropy fuzzy c-mean (ME-FCM) clustering method is used to realize T2GT association. In addition, a T2GT fusion method based on the support degree function (SDF-T2GT) is developed for track fusion. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed methods can respectively realize T2GT association and track fusion in the situations with multiple local nodes, reduce the average time of updating global tracks and satisfy the requirement of real-time processing in the global node. It achieves higher association processing rate than other two track association methods.

Correlation analysis of factors influencing the electronic unit pump cycle fuel injection quantity under overall operating conditions for diesel engines

Yao Chong,Fan Li-yun,Dong Quan,Song En-zhe,Tian Bing-qi 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.9

Electronic unit pump (EUP) can satisfy both diesel engine emission legislation and fuel economy by improving injection pressure and numerical control. Fluctuations in cycle fuel injection quantity (CFIQ) of EUP determine the coherence and stability of the EUP fuel injection system. The EUP simulation model is developed in the AMESim environment. The method for the simulation experiment is designed in the MODDE environment using the design of experiments method. The results of the simulation reveal the variation laws of correlation between parameters with interaction or no interaction under overall operating conditions of diesel engines. In addition, the results also show the EUP system is a complex nonlinear system. Under overall operating conditions, all the characteristic parameters,such as fuel supply pressure, cam profile velocity, control valve lift, injector opening pressure, injector needle lift, and injector flow coefficient,have significant correlation with CFIQ. The interacting first-order factors exhibit the most significant correlation with CFIQ. The self-interacting second-order factors have significant secondary correlation with CFIQ.

Tracklet-Global Track Fusion Using Support Degree Function in Sensor Networks

Xiaobin Li,En Fan,Changhong Yuan,Pengfei Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.10

For the situation with unknown qualities of local tracks in sensor networks, a new tracklet-global track fusion method using the support degree function (SDF-T2GTF) is proposed. According to the characteristic of actual transmission modes, two local estimates of a moving target in adjacent interval transmitted by the same local node are defined as a tracklet, and subsequently tracklet-global track (T2GT) fusion can replace the traditional track fusion in the global node, namely local track-global track (LT2GT) fusion. Considered the advantage of the fuzzy track association (TA) method for unknown prior information of local tracks, it is used in T2GT association. Then all correlated tracklets in the same interval can be mapped into a set of points in parameter space by the Hough transform (HT) algorithm. The support degree function of these points is utilized to dynamically estimate the qualities of tracklets and reasonably allocates the weights of local estimates in fusion results. Hence, the proposed method can realize T2GT fusion without the prior information of local tracks. The experimental result illustrates that the proposed method can satisfy the requirement of data transmission in real systems, and can realize T2GT fusion; on the other, it can improve the performance of track fusion in accuracy compared with the traditional methods.

Performance analysis and optimization for cellular two-way relay networks with cooperative NOMA transmission

Zhaoxi Fang,Yingzhi Lu,En Fan,Keli Hu,Haiping Zhou 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.4

This paper proposes a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based two-way transmission scheme for a two-user cellular system, in which a base station (BS) exchanges information with a directlink user and an indirect link user. With superimposition coding, physical-layer network coding (PLNC) and successive interference cancellation, the BS and the two users are able to exchange messages within three time slots. We derive the sum-rate upper bound of the proposed scheme and investigate the optimal time and power allocations to maximize the sum-rate bound. Numerical results demonstrate that the derived bound is tight and the proposed scheme can improve the sum-rates significantly as compared with existing NOMA-based schemes.

Optimization of the microemulsion formulation of curcuma oil and evaluation of its acaricidal efficacy against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Cheng Zuo-Hui,Fan Fang-Fang,Zhao Jin-Zhong,Li Rui,Li Sheng-Cai,Zhang En-Jia,Liu Yu-Kun,Wang Jue-Ying,Zhu Xiang-Run,Tian Yong-Ming 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

The microemulsion formulation (hereafter formulation) of curcuma oil and its acaricidal efficacy against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae) were optimized in the laboratory to evaluate their spray effectiveness of oviposition inhibition and repellence. Ethovision XT6 was used to analyse the effects of the sublethal concentrations (LC 20 ) of curcuma oil and the formulation on the behaviors of T. cinnabarinus. The results showed that Tween-80 was the best surfactant, Isopropanol was the best co-surfactant and K m = 2:1 was the best condition for the formulation. The prepared microemulsions are stable under conditions of centrifugation and incubation for extended periods. The results showed that the effect of the spray bioassays of the formulation against T. cinnabarinus continuously increased during the experiment, but for curcuma oil almost no longer increase observed when the exposure time went beyond 24 h. Moreover, compared with curcuma oil (LC 50 = 0.716%), the spray bioassay of the formulation (LC 50 = 0.035%) was stronger against T. cinnabarinus. The repellency of the formulation to T. cinnabarinus was stronger with increasing exposure time, but that of curcuma oil declined after 12 h of exposure. The mobile distance of T. cinnabarinus treated with the formulation continuously declined during the experiment but that due to the curcuma oil almost no longer declined when the treatment time reached 12 h. The maximum mobile frequency of T. cinnabarinus treated by curcuma oil and the formulation was recorded at 6 h and 12 h, respectively. Thus, the formulation is a promising candidate as a botanical acaricide of green vegetables.

Computation of pressure fluctuation frequency in electronic unit pump for diesel engine

Tian Bing-qi,Fan Li-yun,Qaisar Hayat,Ma Xiuzhen,Song En-zhe,Hao Wang 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.4

Pressure variations inside a fuel injection system can lead to fluctuations in injected fuel quantity during injections and therefore candirectly impact the stability and performance coherence of the fuel injection system and the engine it matched. Concepts of hydrauliccapacitance and hydraulic inductance are introduced into fuel injection system by referencing LC oscillator electric circuit. A LC undampedhydraulic mathematical model is developed based on the structural parameters of the electronic unit pump (EUP). Pressure fluctuationfrequency during injection process at different operating conditions of the EUP is computed by the LC undamped model. It isobserved that the frequencies of pressure fluctuations tend to increase with the fuel injection process. Pressure curves and pressure fluctuationfrequencies obtained by experiments at different operating conditions validated the results predicted by the LC undampedmathematical model.

Influences of stochastic perturbation of parameters on dynamic behavior of gear system

Jian-Wei Lu,Fan-Ling Zeng,Jia-Yun Xin,En-Min Miao,Meng-Jun Liu 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.7

Gear systems are commonly used in vehicles, and the vibration of the gear system was paid more attention in recent years. In this paper,the dynamic behavior of gear system with stochastic perturbation of system parameters was analyzed. A stochastic nonlinear dynamic model of gear system, with consideration of the stochastic perturbation of system parameters, was established. The influences of stochastic perturbation of system parameters, such as excitation frequency, damping ratio, and backlash, on the dynamic behavior of the system were discussed. It was found that when the perturbation intensity is weak, the topological structure of the system solutions will not change, and there is no transition of the attractors. But if the perturbation intensity increases further, there will be transition between the attractors. In general, for single-DOF gear system, the multi-periodic attractor will jump to the quasi-period-1 attractor. But the quasiperiod-1 attractor will not jump to other attractors. If the perturbation intensity is considerable great, bi-directional transition will occur. Yet, the probability of transition from multi-periodic attractor to quasi-period-1 attractor is greater than the probability of transition from multi-periodic attractor to other attractors. Which provide theoretical basis for effective vibration control of gear system.

Effect of Metal (Mn, Ti) Doping on NCA Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Wan, Dao Yong,Fan, Zhi Yu,Dong, Yong Xiang,Baasanjav, Erdenebayar,Jun, Hang-Bae,Jin, Bo,Jin, En Mei,Jeong, Sang Mun Hindawi Limited 2018 Journal of nanomaterials Vol.2018 No.-

<P>NCA (LiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05-<I>x</I> M<I>x</I>O2, M=Mn or Ti, <TEX>$ x$</TEX> < 0.01) cathode materials are prepared by a hydrothermal reaction at 170°C and doped with Mn and Ti to improve their electrochemical properties. The crystalline phases and morphologies of various NCA cathode materials are characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and particle size distribution analysis. The CV, EIS, and galvanostatic charge/discharge test are employed to determine the electrochemical properties of the cathode materials. Mn and Ti doping resulted in cell volume expansion. This larger volume also improved the electrochemical properties of the cathode materials because Mn<SUP>4+</SUP> and Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> were introduced into the octahedral lattice space occupied by the Li-ions to expand the Li layer spacing and, thereby, improved the lithium diffusion kinetics. As a result, the NCA-Ti electrode exhibited superior performance with a high discharge capacity of 179.6 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> after the first cycle, almost 23 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> higher than that obtained with the undoped NCA electrode, and 166.7 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 30 cycles. A good coulombic efficiency of 88.6% for the NCA-Ti electrode is observed based on calculations in the first charge and discharge capacities. In addition, the NCA-Ti cathode material exhibited the best cycling stability of 93% up to 30 cycles.</P>

도핑효과에 따른 리튬이차전지용 NCA 양극활물질의 전기화학적 특성 향상

범지우 ( Zhi Yu Fan ),김은미 ( En Mei Jin ),정상문 ( Sang Mun Jeong ) 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.55 No.6

In order to improve the capacity and cycling stability of Ni-rich NCA cathode materials for lithium ion bat-teries, the boron and cobalt were doped in commercial Li_1.06Ni_0.91Co_0.08Al_0.01O₂ (NCA) powders. Commercial NCA par-ticles are mixed composites such as secondary particles of about 5 μm and 12 μm, and the particle size was decreased by doping boron and cobalt. The initial discharge capacities of the boron and cobalt doped NCA-B and NCA-Co were found to be 214 mAh/g and 200 mAh/g, respectively, which are higher values than that of the raw NCA cathode material. In par-ticular, NCA-Co exhibits the best discharge capacity of 157 mAh/g after 20 cycles, which is probably due to the enhanced diffusion of lithium ion by crystal growth along with the c-axis direction.

Mechanical Stretch Promotes Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells via Activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Liang-Kun Chen,Ching-Chi Hsieh,Yi-Chao Huang,Yuan-Jung Huang,Chun-Fan Lung,Wei-En Hsu,Chao-Ling Yao,Tsung-Yu Tseng,Chi-Chung Wang,Yi-Chiung Hsu 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.3

Most of the gas exchange in the human body is carried out by the lungs, and the physiological activities of the lungs are uninterrupted. Due to the deterioration of the external environment, pulmonary cell lesions are common clinical lung diseases. Mechanical cyclic stretching is one kind of bionic technology to observe lung cancer cells. The A549 cell line is the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line derived from a primary lung tumor. This study investigated the effects of mechanical cyclic stretching on A549 cell activity and gene expression profile. Whereas mechanical cyclic stretching had no significant difference in colony formation and cell migration of A549 cells, the cell invasion increased significantly in A549 cells after stretching. In addition, the microarray data showed that mechanical cyclic stretching altered gene expression, induced inflammation of cells, and activation of Wnt/β- catenin and tumor necrosis factor pathways. More importantly, mechanical cyclic stretching activated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) protein. Therefore, the increase of cell invasion induced by mechanical cyclic stretching might be associated with the activation of TNF-α in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.