The effects of salinity on the growth and biochemical properties of Chlamydomonas mexicana GU732420 cultivated in municipal wastewater

Salama, El-Sayed,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kim, Jung Rae,Lee, Sangho,Kim, Seong-Heon,Oh, Sang-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Jeon, Byong-Hun Taylor Francis 2014 Environmental Technology Vol.35 No.12

Evaluation of biomass and lipid production of Micractinium reisseri cultivated in different effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plant

El-Sayed Salama,Marwa M. El-Dalatony,Reda A. I. Abou-Shanab,Byong-Hun Jeon(전병훈) 한국신재생에너지학회 2013 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.05

Enhancement of microalgal growth and biocomponent-based transformations for improved biofuel recovery: A review

Salama, El-Sayed,Hwang, Jae-Hoon,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Kurade, Mayur B.,Kabra, Akhil N.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Yang, Il-Seung,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Kim, Sunjoon,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.258 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microalgal biomass has received much attention as feedstock for biofuel production due to its capacity to accumulate a substantial amount of biocomponents (including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein), high growth rate, and environmental benefit. However, commercial realization of microalgal biofuel is a challenge due to its low biomass production and insufficient technology for complete utilization of biomass. Recently, advanced strategies have been explored to overcome the challenges of conventional approaches and to achieve maximum possible outcomes in terms of growth. These strategies include a combination of stress factors; co-culturing with other microorganisms; and addition of salts, flue gases, and phytohormones. This review summarizes the recent progress in the application of single and combined abiotic stress conditions to stimulate microalgal growth and its biocomponents. An innovative schematic model is presented of the biomass-energy conversion pathway that proposes the transformation of all potential biocomponents of microalgae into biofuels.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Improvement of biochemical components using combined abiotic stress. </LI> <LI> Microalgae and their properties vis-à-vis biofuel production. </LI> <LI> Transformation of all potential biochemical components into biofuels. </LI> </UL> </P>

Recent progress in microalgal biomass production coupled with wastewater treatment for biofuel generation

Salama, El-Sayed,Kurade, Mayur B.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Yang, Il-Seung,Min, Booki,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable biomass feedstock for biofuel generation, and can proliferate under versatile environmental conditions. Mass cultivation of microalgae is the most overpriced and technically challenging step in microalgal biofuel generation. Wastewater is an available source of the water plus nutrients necessary for algae cultivation. Microalgae provide a cost-effective and sustainable means of advanced (waste)water treatment with the simultaneous production of commercially valuable products. Microalgae show higher efficiency in nutrient removal than other microorganisms because the nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, urea and trace elements) present in various wastewaters are essential for microalgal growth. Potential progress in the area of microalgal cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems has led to an improvement in algal biomass production. However, significant efforts are still required for the development and optimization of a coupled system to simultaneously generate biomass and treat wastewater. In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed. It deeply reviews the microalgae-mediated treatment of different wastewaters (including municipal, piggery/swine, industrial, and anaerobic wastewater), and highlight the wastewater characteristics suitable for microalgae cultivation. Various pretreatment methods (such as filtration, autoclaving, UV application, and dilution) needed for wastewater prior to its use for microalgae cultivation have been discussed. The selection of potential microalgae species that can grow in wastewater and generate a large amount of biomass has been considered. Discussion on microalgal cultivation systems (including raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems) that use wastewater, evaluating the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) of each system was reported. In view of the limitations of recent studies, the future directions for integrated wastewater treatment and microalgae biomass production for industrial applications were suggested.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Challenges in using wastewater for microalgae cultivation and biomass production. </LI> <LI> Treatment of different wastewaters and reuse of the treated water. </LI> <LI> Recovery of valuable nutrients (N/P) and removal of organic pollutants. </LI> <LI> Application of wastewater in raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems. </LI> <LI> Genetically engineered microalgae for efficient wastewater treatment. </LI> </UL> </P>

Application of acid mine drainage for coagulation/flocculation of microalgal biomass

Salama, El-Sayed,Kim, Jung Rae,Ji, Min-Kyu,Cho, Dong-Wan,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2015 Bioresource technology Vol.186 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel application of acid mine drainage (AMD) for biomass recovery of two morphologically different microalgae species with respect to AMD dosage, microalgal cell density and pH of medium was investigated. Optimal flocculation of <I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> occurred with 10% dosage of AMD at an initial pH 9 for both 0.5 and 1.0g/L cell density. The flocculation efficiency was 89% for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and 93% for <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>. Zeta potential (ZP) was increased from −10.66 to 1.77 and −13.19 to 1.33 for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>, respectively. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray of the microalgae floc confirmed the sweeping floc formation mechanism upon the addition of AMD. Application of AMD for the recovery of microalgae biomass is a cost-effective method, which might further allow reuse of flocculated medium for algal cultivation, thereby contributing to the economic production of biofuel from microalgal biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AMD contains high amount of Fe(II)/Al(III) ions which are natural flocculants. </LI> <LI> Sweeping microalgal floc formation was the dominant mechanism in this study. </LI> <LI> AMD can be an efficient coagulant/flocculant for low-cost microalgae harvesting. </LI> </UL> </P>

Evaluation of Biomass and Biochemical Properties of Freshwater Microalgae Cultivated in Municipal Wastewater under Salt Stress

El-Sayed Salama,Byong-Hun Jeon 대한환경공학회 2013 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

Whole conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels through successive high-throughput fermentation

El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Salama, El-Sayed,Kurade, Mayur B.,Kim, Kyoung-Yeol,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Kim, Jung Rae,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Min, Booki,Jang, Min,Oh, Sang-Eun,Chang, Soon Woong,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.360 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microalgae represent a promising feedstock for biofuel production. However, the energy efficiency of microalgal pretreatment and conversion technologies needs to be improved to meet the economic viability. Herein, we introduce a novel integrated approach to achieve unprecedented energy conversion efficiency (46%) of microalgal biomass (<I>Chlamydomonas mexicana</I>). A successive high-throughput fermentation followed by transesterification were employed. This process provided a platform for maximum recovery of energy carriers from biomass utilization (89%). Serial fermentations were implemented for thorough utilization of the biomass constituents, starting with carbohydrate, followed by protein to derive ethanol (C2) and higher alcohols (C3–C5), respectively. Lipid was the dominant component after the previous fermentation, which was converted to biodiesel via transesterification process. Successive fermentations served as a bio-pretreatment to enhance the bioavailability of the leftover protein and lipid, which minimized the use of expensive and laborious methods for their extraction from the microalgal biomass. The proposed serial fermentation process would maximize the utilization of biomasses for biofuel production, with minimum leftover (11%).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High throughput fermentations achieved 46% energy recovery from microalgae. </LI> <LI> Successive fermentations served as a biopretreatment to enhance the accessibility. </LI> <LI> 89% of biomass was converted into biofuels with less production of waste. </LI> <LI> Fermentation of the leftover protein produced 0.37 g-higher alcohols/g-amino acids. </LI> <LI> Transesterification of the remaining lipids produced 0.5 g-biodiesel/g-fatty acids. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Interactive effect of indole-3-acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate on the growth and fatty acid content of some microalgae for biodiesel production

Salama, El-Sayed,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Chang, Soon Woong,Lee, Sang-hun,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Yang, Il-Seung,Kurade, Mayur B.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Kim, Do-Hyeon,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Sunjoon Elsevier 2017 Journal of cleaner production Vol.168 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Enhancement of microalgal growth and fatty acid production is essential for development of a microalgae-based biodiesel production platform. Three different microalgal species (<I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> GU732418, <I>Ourococcus multisporus</I> GU732424 and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> FR751187) were individually cultivated in media containing both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) at concentrations of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M. Combined phytohormones (10<SUP>−8</SUP> to 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M) increased the growth of all three species compared to growth in media without phytohormones. IAA and DAH supported the maximum growth of <I>S</I>. <I>obliquusi</I> (38.12 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−8</SUP> M, <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> (85.89 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−6</SUP> M, and <I>C. vulgaris</I> (4.09 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M. Addition of 10<SUP>−7</SUP> M IAA and DAH also assisted the removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> (97%), K<SUP>+</SUP> (88%) and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> (99%) from the media by <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I>. The highest removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> by <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> was achieved at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M IAA and DAH. Under all experimental conditions (10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M IAA and DAH) the amounts of poly-unsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid were the major fatty acids, accounting for 11.75–21.55%, 2.55–6.73%, and 52.93–75.89% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. The fatty acids that accumulated in <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> were found to be suitable for production of high quality biodiesel with characteristics equivalent to crop seed oil-derived biodiesel.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IAA and DAH in the range of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−5</SUP> M enhanced the growth of algae. </LI> <LI> PUFAs was increased by growth in medium containing both IAA and DAH. </LI> <LI> Accumulated fatty acids in algae are suitable for production of high quality biodiesel. </LI> </UL> </P>

Potential Role for a Panel of Immunohistochemical Markers in the Management of Endometrial Carcinoma

Amany Salama,Mohammad Arafa,Eman ElZahaf,Abdelhadi Mohamed Shebl,Azmy Abd El-Hameed Awad,Sylvia A. Ashamallah,Reda Hemida,Anas Gamal,Abd AlRahman Foda,Khaled Zalata,El-Said M. Abdel-Hady 대한병리학회 2019 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.53 No.3

Background: In order to improve the efficacy of endometrial carcinoma (EC) treatment, identifying prognostic factors for high risk patients is a high research priority. This study aimed to assess the relationships among the expression of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, and the different histopathological prognostic parameters in EC and to assess the value of these in the management of EC. Methods: We examined 109 cases of EC. Immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 were evaluated in relation to age, tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and grade, depth of infiltration, cervical and ovarian involvement, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and lymph node (LN) metastasis. Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 59.8 ± 8.2 years. Low ER and PR expression scores and high Ki-67 expression showed highly significant associations with non-endometrioid histology (p = .007, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively) and poor differentiation (p = .007, p < .001, and p <. 001, respectively). Low PR score showed a significant association with advanced stage (p = .009). Low ER score was highly associated with LVSI (p = .006), and low PR scores were associated significantly with LN metastasis (p = .026). HER2 expression was significantly related to advanced stages (p = .04), increased depth of infiltration (p = .02), LVSI (p = .017), ovarian involvement (p = .038), and LN metastasis (p = .038). There was a close relationship between HER2 expression and uterine cervical involvement (p = .009). Higher Ki-67 values were associated with LN involvement (p = .012). Conclusions: The over-expression of HER2 and Ki-67 and low expression of ER and PR indicate a more malignant EC behavior. An immunohistochemical panel for the identification of high risk tumors can contribute significantly to prognostic assessments.

Molecular Characterization of the Alpha Subunit of Multicomponent Phenol Hydroxylase from 4-Chlorophenol-Degrading Pseudomonas sp. Strain PT3

Wael S. El-Sayed,Mohamed K. Ibrahim,Salama A. Ouf 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.1

Multicomponent phenol hydroxylases (mPHs) are diiron enzymes that use molecular oxygen to hydroxylate a variety of phenolic compounds. The DNA sequence of the alpha subunit (large subunit) of mPH from 4-chlorophenol (4-CP)-degrading bacterial strain PT3 was determined. Strain PT3was isolated from oil-contaminated soil samples adjacent to automobile workshops and oil stations after enrichment and establishment of a chlorophenol-degrading consortium. Strain PT3 was identified as a member of Pseudomonas sp. based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene fragment. The 4-CP catabolic pathway by strain PT3 was tentatively proposed to proceed via a meta-cleavage pathway after hydroxylation to the corresponding chlorocatechol. This hypothesis was supported by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)detection of the LmPH encoding sequence and UV/VIS spectrophotometric analysis of the culture filtrate showing accumulation of 5-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (5-CHMS) with λmax 380. The detection of catabolic genes involved in 4-CP degradation by PCR showed the presence of both mPH and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23DO). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the alpha subunit of mPH from strain PT3 revealed specific phylogenetic grouping to known mPH. The metal coordination encoding regions from strain PT3were found to be conserved with those from the homologous dinuclear oxo-iron bacterial monooxygenases. Two DE(D)XRH motifs was detected in LmPH of strain PT3within an approximate 100 amino acid interval, a typical arrangement characteristic of most known PHs.