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Microstructure and Pattern Size Dependence of Copper Corrosion in Submicron-Scale Features
Lee, Ui-hyoung,Jeon, Hyoung Jin,Kang, Tak,Sohn, Hun-Joon,Oh, Kyu Hwan,Her, Eun Kyu,Han, Heung Nam,Lee, H. W.,Kim, Insoo,Kim, Donggyu,Lee, Sung-Keun,Lee, Hyo-Jong The Electrochemical Society 2011 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.158 No.5
DYNAMICS ON AN INVARIANT SET OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL AREA-PRESERVING PIECEWISE LINEAR MAP
Lee, Donggyu,Lee, Dongjin,Choi, Hyunje,Jo, Sungbae The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2014 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.30 No.5
In this paper, we study an area-preserving piecewise linear map with the feature of dangerous border collision bifurcations. Using this map, we study dynamical properties occurred in the invariant set, specially related to the boundary of KAM-tori, and the existence and stabilities of periodic orbits. The result shows that elliptic regions having periodic orbits and chaotic region can be divided by smooth curve, which is an unexpected result occurred in area preserving smooth dynamical systems.
Lee, Dong-Soo,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Donggyu,Pu, Younggun,Yoo, Sang-Sun,Lee, Minjae,Hwang, Keum Cheol,Yang, Youngoo,Lee, Kang-Yoon IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.26 No.6
<P>This paper presents a fast-settling, low-power, low-noise real-time clock (RTC) generator for a 4.194304-MHz crystal oscillator. The fast settling reduces the startup time of the proposed RTC generator using a negative transcondutance booster and a crystal energy booster. The low power is only operated to reduce the total power consumption in the standby mode with the use of a peak-and-low detector. To achieve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction, a pseudorandom number generator is used. The temperature compensation reduces the frequency offset from 16 to 1 ppm depending on the temperature variation. The proposed RTC generator is fabricated using a 0.18- <TEX>$\mu \text{m}$</TEX> CMOS and the core area is <TEX>$0.4 \,\,\text {mm} \times 0.7\,\, \text {mm}$</TEX>. The power consumption is <TEX>$54~\mu \text{W}$</TEX> from a 1.8-V supply voltage. The measured startup time can be reduced by 90% from 4 ms to <TEX>$400~\mu \text{s}$</TEX> with the proposed 4.194304-MHz XTAL driver. The current consumption in the standby mode is reduced by up to 700 nA. The measured frequency variation is up to a 1-ppm operation under a temperature change from −40 °C to 60 °C. The measured output peak power is reduced by up to 15 dB in the EMI reduction mode.</P>
Lightweight Multi-DOF Manipulator With Wire-Driven Gravity Compensation Mechanism
Lee, DongGyu,Seo, TaeWon Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics Vol. No.
<P>Energy consumption is a problem for robotic manipulators, which are popular in manufacturing, assembly, and process handling. Some of the most significant energy consumption comes from the weight of the large moving mass of the manipulator. This paper proposes a newmulti-degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator with a wire-driven gravity compensation mechanism. The most significant problem of a wire system is the durability of the wire, which is improved in this study by using a multiwinding mechanism. The tension of the wire is reduced in proportion to the number of windings. Timing belts are used to design a multi-DOF manipulator and the lightweight gravity compensation mechanism reduces inertia forces during operation. Static analysis and design issues are presented. A robotic prototype is assembled and the torque-reduction performance is verified experimentally. The proposed mechanism can be applied to industrial manipulators for efficient robotic operation.</P>
Quantification of Fewer than Ten Copies of a DNA Biomarker without Amplification or Labeling
Lee, Yoonhee,Kim, Youngkyu,Lee, Donggyu,Roy, Dhruvajyoti,Park, Joon Won American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.138 No.22
<P>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive diagnosis technique for detection of nucleic acids and for monitoring residual disease; however, PCR can be unreliable for samples containing very few target molecules. Here, we describe a quantification method, using force distance (FD) curve based atomic force microscopy (AFM) to detect a target DNA bound to small (1.4-1.9 mu m diameter) probe DNA spots, allowing mapping of entire spots to nanometer resolution. Using a synthetic BCR-ABL fusion gene sequence target, we examined samples containing between one and 10 target copies. A high degree of correlation (r(2) = 0.994) between numbers of target copies and detected probe clusters was observed, and the approach could detect the BCR-ABL biomarker when only a single copy was present, although multiple screens were required. Our results dearly demonstrate that FD curve-based imaging is suitable for quantitative analysis of fewer than 10 copies of DNA biomarkers without amplification, modification, or labeling.</P>
Lee Sung Hyun,Yoo Sie Hyeon,이해진,Han Donggyu,Lee Jiyoung,Jeon Seung Hwan,Cho Eun-Ah,박휴정 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.26
Background: Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model is one of the representative models of the neuropathic pain model. Neuropathic pain in a chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) mimics the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The administration of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), which has regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects, has been studied and is used in clinical practice treating various diseases. However, the analgesic effect of PDRN in a neuropathic pain or CRPS model remains unknown. Methods: PDRN (3.3, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was administered into the subcutaneous (SC) layer of the hind paws of SNL and CPIP models. Mechanical anti-allodynic effects were then investigated using the von Frey test. In the immunohistochemical examination, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the spinal cord were harvested and examined for the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after the 20 mg PDRN injection. Results: Mechanical allodynia was significantly alleviated by administration of PDRN in SNL and CPIP mice at all of the time point. As the dose of PDRN increased, the effect was greater. The 20 mg PDRN injection was found to have the most effective anti-allodynic effect. The increased expression of GFAP in DRG and the spinal cord of SNL and CPIP model decreased following the administration of PDRN than vehicle. Conclusion: SC administration of PDRN results in the attenuation of allodynia and activation of astrocytes in neuropathic pain or CRPS models. We propose that PDRN can have significant potential advantages in neuropathic pain treatment.