Geochemistry of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Baekdusan (Changbaishan) basalts: Implications for recycling of oceanic crustal materials into the mantle source

Choi, Hyun-Ok,Choi, Sung Hi,Schiano, Pierre,Cho, Moonsup,Cluzel, Nicolas,Devidal, Jean-Luc,Ha, Kyoochul Universitetsforlaget 2017 Lithos Vol.284 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We determined the major and trace element concentrations of olivine-hosted melt inclusions in basalts from the active Baekdusan volcano situated on the border between China and North Korea in order to understand better the nature of the mantle source and the geodynamic processes that gave rise to volcanism at this site. Rehomogenized melt inclusions (after ‘Fe-loss’ correction) can be divided into three groups: a low-Si alkaline group, a high-Si alkaline group, and a high-Si sub-alkaline group. The low-Si group is composed of picrobasalt to basanite, and the high-Si group consists of (trachy)basalt to basaltic (trachy)andesite. The low-Si group has generally higher TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, CaO, and P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>, but lower Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, Na<SUB>2</SUB>O, and K<SUB>2</SUB>O contents at a given MgO concentration compared with those in the high-Si group. The CaO and P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> contents are positively correlated, indicating the presence of a calcium phosphate, probably tuite [γ-Ca<SUB>3</SUB>(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>], in the source. The melt inclusions are enriched in light rare earth elements [(La/Yb)<SUB>N</SUB> =7.8–30.4]. On a primitive-mantle-normalized incompatible element plot, the low-Si group has positive anomalies in Ba and P compared with typical oceanic island basalt (OIB). On the other hand, the high-Si group exhibits remarkable positive anomalies in Eu, Ba, Rb, K, Pb, P, and Ti, implying that K-hollandite and tuite are essential phases in the source. The high-Si subalkaline group has lower abundances of incompatible elements than the high-Si alkaline group, reflecting different degrees of partial melting from the same source. In contrast to OIB, Baekdusan magmatism is characterized by positively fractionated (Zr/Hf)<SUB>N</SUB> ratios, and is best approximated by admixture of partial melts derived from both clinopyroxene-rich eclogite and garnet peridotite. Intraplate volcanism in northeastern Asia is closely associated with deep subduction of the Pacific plate. The subducting Pacific slab flattens and stagnates in the mantle transition zone under northeastern Asia, and this zone may yield a wet plume. Focused mantle upwelling through a gap in the stagnant slab may also be accompanied to the plume responsible for the Baekdusan magmatism. Thermal decomposition of K-hollandite within recycled continent-derived sediments is likely to metasomatize the ambient mantle peridotite above the stagnant slab. As the plume ascends through the upper mantle, the metasomatized mantle and recycled oceanic crustal materials (tuite-bearing eclogite or garnet pyroxenite) entrained by the plume may undergo partial melting, resulting in the volcanism observed at Baekdusan.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The active Baekdusan (Changbaishan) volcanic belt on the North China Craton </LI> <LI> Geochemistry of re-heated olivine-hosted melt inclusions in the Baekdusan basalts </LI> <LI> Important role of the recycled oceanic crustal materials in the mantle source </LI> <LI> Volcanism induced by a plume from the mantle transition zone </LI> </UL> </P>

E-government Innovation, Red Tape, Citizens’ Satisfaction and Trust in Government

Devid Kumar Basyal,Jin-Wan Seo 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2018 남아시아연구 Vol.24 No.3

People’s trust in government has remained an issue of core concern throughout the world. Performance of public agencies fundamentally determines the perception of citizens ’ satisfaction to those agencies which ultimately results in people’s trust in government(s). Majority of the academic works on this relationship often discuss it as ‘ performance-satisfactiontrust’ model. For this purpose, a theoretical framework linking E-government innovation to the perceived reduction of red tape, citizens’ satisfaction and trust in government, is developed and main hypotheses have been empirically tested against the data collected for the purpose. In a performance-satisfactiontrust model, this study contributes to the field of literature by adding the mediating role of perceived reduction of red tape between E-government innovation and citizens’ satisfaction. The study incorporates survey data collected from taxpayers who are users of Integrated Tax System (ITS) under Inland Revenue Department (IRD), Nepal. The study employs a structural equation path model considering major latent constructs. The study indicates that use of online tax system (here E-government innovation) helps to perceived reduction of red tape which in turn results in satisfaction in citizens. Ironically, citizens show less trust in Inland Revenue Department and its employees. Hence, the study recommends the Government of Nepal be more serious and adopt special strategies to improve its accountability reflecting its credibility among the citizens.

E-government Innovation, Red Tape, Citizens’ Satisfaction and Trust in Government: Evidence from Nepal

Devid Kumar Basyal,서진완 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2018 남아시아연구 Vol.24 No.3

People’s trust in government has remained an issue of core concern throughout the world. Performance of public agencies fundamentally determines the perception of citizens’ satisfaction to those agencies which ultimately results in people’s trust in government(s). Majority of the academic works on this relationship often discuss it as ‘performance-satisfaction-trust’ model. For this purpose, a theoretical framework linking E-government innovation to the perceived reduction of red tape, citizens’ satisfaction and trust in government, is developed and main hypotheses have been empirically tested against the data collected for the purpose. In a performance-satisfaction-trust model, this study contributes to the field of literature by adding the mediating role of perceived reduction of red tape between E-government innovation and citizens’ satisfaction. The study incorporates survey data collected from taxpayers who are users of Integrated Tax System (ITS) under Inland Revenue Department (IRD), Nepal. The study employs a structural equation path model considering major latent constructs. The study indicates that use of online tax system (here E-government innovation) helps to perceived reduction of red tape which in turn results in satisfaction in citizens. Ironically, citizens show less trust in Inland Revenue Department and its employees. Hence, the study recommends the Government of Nepal be more serious and adopt special strategies to improve its accountability reflecting its credibility among the citizens.

Citizens’ Perception on Government’s Use of Social Media as Transparency, Accountability, and Improved Performance Tool

Devid Kumar Basyal(데비드 쿠마르 바시알),Jin-Wan Seo(서진완) 한국지역정보화학회 2018 한국지역정보화학회지 Vol.21 No.3

최근 소셜미디어가 정부 활동의 투명성과 책임성을 제고하며 결과적으로 향상된 성과를 가져다 줄 수 있는 수단이라는 논의가 확산되고 있다. 이러한 논의를 경험적으로 확인하기 위하여 본 연구는 구조방정식모형을 준거로 시민들 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 분석자료를 수집하였다. 경험적 조사를 통해 시민들은 정부의 투명성, 책임성, 그리고 성과를 제고하는 수단으로서 소셜미디어의 활용을 긍정적으로 인식하고 있음을 통계적으로 확인하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 정부가 소셜미디어를 활용함으로써 정부의 투명성과 책임성을 향상시키며, 이는 결국 정부의 성과 제고에 기여하는 이론적 논의를 제공하고 있다. Presently, government’s use of social media has been widely discussed as a tool of government to enhance transparency, accountability, and improved performance. In order to test this theoretical relation, this study uses primary data from citizens and employs the Structural Equation Model as an analytical tool. This study finds that government’s use of social media is statistically significant and positively associated with citizens’ perception of government transparency, accountability, and improved performance. And perceptions of transparency and accountability mediate the relationship between government’s use of social media and improved performance of government. As a result, the study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence of the mediating role of perceived government transparency and accountability in linking government’s use of social media to improved performance of government.

Revisiting the Relationship Between E-government and Corruption: An Empirical Study Based on Heterogeneous Panel Data Model

( Devid Basyal ),( Niraj Poudyal ),( Seo Jin Wan ) 한국정책학회 2017 한국정책학회 동계학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

What Should We Do for E-government in Nepal and How? An AHP Approach

( Devid Kumar Basyal ),( Jin Wan Seo ) 한국행정학회 2016 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

As E-government has been referred to the use of ICTs to transform government by making more accessible, effective and accountable, Nepal government has taken some positive initiatives for E-government. However, according to the UN evaluation, the current Egovernment level in Nepal is still very poor. This paper raised the research questions: what kind of the major problems of E-government implementation in Nepal are and which problem(s) should be first solved, and then the next ones. For this purpose, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank the problems in hierarchical order. As a result, this study finds that among various problems of E-government implementation in Nepal, lack of strong leadership and government will, political-administrative instability, and resistance to change within organizations were again highlighted as most severe ones by the experts.

What Should We Do for E-government in Nepal and How? An AHP Approach

Devid Kumar Basyal,서진완 서울대학교행정대학원 2016 Journal of Policy Studies Vol.31 No.3

As E-government has been referred to as the use of ICTs to transformgovernment by making it more accessible, effective and accountable, the Nepalgovernment has taken some positive initiatives for its development. However,according to the UN evaluation, the current E-government level in Nepal is stillvery poor. This paper raised two research questions: what the major problems ofE-government implementation in Nepal are and which problem(s) should besolved first. For this purpose, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodwas used to rank the problems in hierarchical order. This study finds that amongthe various problems of E-government implementation in Nepal, a lack of strongleadership and government will, political-administrative instability, and resistanceto change within organizations were again highlighted as the most severe onesby experts.

Optimization and characterization of extracellular cellulase produced by Bacillus pumilus MGB05 isolated from midgut of muga silkworm (Antheraea assamensis Helfer)

Pinky Moni Bhuyan,Sosanka Protim Sandilya,Pranab Kumar Nath,Sakshi Gandotra,Sabtharishi Subramanian,Devid Kardong,Dip Kumar Gogoi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Mature larvae of Antheraea assamensis were collected from different locations of Assam to isolate the cellulolytic gut microflora. Altogether sixty cellulase degrading bacteria were isolated on agar plates containing microcrystalline cellulose as the sole carbon source. Among them, ten isolates showed hydrolyzing zone on agar plates containing carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) after staining with Congo-red. Isolate MGB05 exhibited the highest CMCase activity (0.262 U/mL) at 72 h of incubation under submerged condition. FPase and β-glucosidase activity were 0.012 U/mL and 3.71 U/mL respectively. It showed maximum FPase (0.022 U/mL) activity on the 3rd day of incubation in the media containing wheat bran as a carbon source. β-glucosidase production was also found to be highest with wheat bran (20.03 U/mL) at 48 h of incubation. The optimum pH and temperature of FPase activity of MGB05 were found at 6.0 and 50 °C respectively while for β-glucosidase activity, it was maximum at pH 6.0 under 50 °C. In addition, metal ion Mg ++ and Ca ++ enhanced FPase activity up to 110.92% (0.026 U/mL) and 105.31% (0.025 U/mL) respectively. In-vitro antimicrobial bioassay of the most potent cellulolytic bacteria (MGB05) also showed high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (2.9 cm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.0 cm). The isolate MGB05 has been identified based on 16S rDNA homology as Bacillus pumilus MGB05 with accession KP298708.2. Results encompass the prospective beneficial role of gutmicroflora on digestion and disease resistance, which might be a potential probiotic component to enhance silk productivity.