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Michael H. Le,David M. Le,Thomas C. Baez,Hansen Dang,Vy H. Nguyen,KeeSeok Lee,Christopher D. Stave,Takanori Ito,Yuankai Wu,Yee Hui Yeo,Fanpu Ji,Ramsey Cheung,Mindie H. Nguyen 대한간학회 2024 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.30 No.2
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a multitude of adverse outcomes. We aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of NAFLD-related adverse events. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of adults with NAFLD to evaluate the pooled incidence of adverse events. Results: 19,406 articles were screened, 409 full-text articles reviewed, and 79 eligible studies (1,377,466 persons) were included. Mean age was 51.47 years and body mass index 28.90 kg/m2. Baseline comorbidities included metabolic syndrome (41.73%), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (16.83%), cirrhosis (21.97%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (58.85%). Incidence rate per 1,000 person-years for mortality included: all-cause (14.6), CVD-related (4.53), non-liver cancer-related (4.53), and liver-related (3.10). Incidence for liver-related events included overall (24.3), fibrosis progression (49.0), cirrhosis (10.9), liver transplant (12.0), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (3.39). Incidence for non-liver events included metabolic syndrome (25.4), hypertension (25.8), dyslipidemia (26.4), diabetes (19.0), CVD (24.77), renal impairment (30.3), depression/anxiety (29.1), and non-liver cancer (10.5). Biopsy-proven NASH had higher incidence of HCC (P=0.043) compared to non-NASH. Higher rates of CVD and mortality were observed in North America and Europe, hypertension and non-liver cancer in North America, and HCC in Western Pacific/Southeast Asia (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed by sex. Time-period analyses showed decreasing rates of cardiovascular and non-liver cancer mortality and increasing rates of decompensated cirrhosis (P<0.05). Conclusions: People with NAFLD have high incidence of liver and non-liver adverse clinical events, varying by NASH, geographic region, and time-period, but not sex.
Potential Prebiotic Properties of Whey Protein and Glycomacropeptide in Gut Microbiome
Bryna Rackerby,Hoang Ngoc M. Le,Avery Haymowicz,David C. Dallas,박시홍 한국축산식품학회 2024 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.44 No.2
Proteins in whey have prebiotic and antimicrobial properties. Whey protein comprises numerous bioactive proteins and peptides, including glycomacropeptide (GMP), a hydrophilic casein peptide that separates with the whey fraction during cheese making. GMP has traditionally been used as a protein source for individuals with phenylketonuria and also has prebiotic (supporting the growth of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria) and antimicrobial activities. GMP supplementation may help positively modulate the gut microbiome, help treat dysbiosis-related gastrointestinal disorders and improve overall health in consumers.
Dalloul, Rami A.,Long, Julie A.,Zimin, Aleksey V.,Aslam, Luqman,Beal, Kathryn,Ann Blomberg, Le,Bouffard, Pascal,Burt, David W.,Crasta, Oswald,Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A.,Cooper, Kristal,Coulombe, Rog Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS biology Vol.8 No.9
<P>A synergistic combination of two next-generation sequencing platforms with a detailed comparative BAC physical contig map provided a cost-effective assembly of the genome sequence of the domestic turkey (<I>Meleagris gallopavo</I>). Heterozygosity of the sequenced source genome allowed discovery of more than 600,000 high quality single nucleotide variants. Despite this heterozygosity, the current genome assembly (∼1.1 Gb) includes 917 Mb of sequence assigned to specific turkey chromosomes. Annotation identified nearly 16,000 genes, with 15,093 recognized as protein coding and 611 as non-coding RNA genes. Comparative analysis of the turkey, chicken, and zebra finch genomes, and comparing avian to mammalian species, supports the characteristic stability of avian genomes and identifies genes unique to the avian lineage. Clear differences are seen in number and variety of genes of the avian immune system where expansions and novel genes are less frequent than examples of gene loss. The turkey genome sequence provides resources to further understand the evolution of vertebrate genomes and genetic variation underlying economically important quantitative traits in poultry. This integrated approach may be a model for providing both gene and chromosome level assemblies of other species with agricultural, ecological, and evolutionary interest.</P><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>In contrast to the compact sequence of viruses and bacteria, determining the complete genome sequence of complex vertebrate genomes can be a daunting task. With the advent of “next-generation” sequencing platforms, it is now possible to rapidly sequence and assemble a vertebrate genome, especially for species for which genomic resources—genetic maps and markers—are currently available. We used a combination of two next-generation sequencing platforms, Roche 454 and Illumina GAII, and unique assembly tools to sequence the genome of the agriculturally important turkey, <I>Meleagris gallopavo</I>. Our draft assembly comprises approximately 1.1 gigabases of which 917 megabytes are assigned to specific chromosomes. Comparisons of the turkey genome sequence with those of the chicken, <I>Gallus gallus</I>, and the zebra finch, <I>Taeniopygia guttata</I>, provide insights into the evolution of the avian lineage. This genome sequence will facilitate discovery of agriculturally important genetic variants.</P>
Magnetic Fields toward Ophiuchus-B Derived from SCUBA-2 Polarization Measurements
Soam, Archana,Pattle, Kate,Ward-Thompson, Derek,Lee, Chang Won,Sadavoy, Sarah,Koch, Patrick M.,Kim, Gwanjeong,Kwon, Jungmi,Kwon, Woojin,Arzoumanian, Doris,Berry, David,Hoang, Thiem,Tamura, Motohide,Le American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.861 No.1
<P>We present the results of dust emission polarization measurements of Ophiuchus-B (Oph-B) carried out using the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) camera with its associated polarimeter (POL-2) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. This work is part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey initiated to understand the role of magnetic fields in star formation for nearby star-forming molecular clouds. We present a first look at the geometry and strength of magnetic fields in Oph-B. The field geometry is traced over similar to 0.2 pc, with clear detection of both of the sub-clumps of Oph-B. The field pattern appears significantly disordered in sub-clump Oph-B1. The field geometry in Oph-B2 is more ordered, with a tendency to be along the major axis of the clump, parallel to the filamentary structure within which it lies. The degree of polarization decreases systematically toward the dense core material in the two sub-clumps. The field lines in the lower density material along the periphery are smoothly joined to the large-scale magnetic fields probed by NIR polarization observations. We estimated a magnetic field strength of 630 +/- 410 mu G in the Oph-B2 sub-clump using a Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi analysis. With this magnetic field strength, we find a mass-to-flux ratio lambda = 1.6 +/- 1.1, which suggests that the Oph-B2 clump is slightly magnetically supercritical.</P>
High-energy Neutron-induced Fission Cross Sections of Natural Lead and Bismuth-209
D. Tarrio,L. Tassan-Got,L. Audouin,B. Berthier,L. Ferrant,S. Isaev,C. Le Naour,C. Stephan,D. Trubert,S. David,I. Duran,C. Paradela,H. Alvarez-Pol,U. Abbondanno,K. Fujii,P. M. Milazzo,C. Moreau,G. Aert 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The CERN Neutron Time-Of-Flight (n_TOF) facility is well suited to measure small neutron-induced fission cross sections, as those of subactinides. The cross section ratios of ^(nat)Pb and ^(209)Bi relative to ^(235)U and ^(238)U were measured using PPAC detectors. The fragment coincidence method allows to unambiguously identify the fission events. The present experiment provides the first results for neutron-induced fission up to 1 GeV for ^(nat)Pb and ^(209)Bi. A good agreement with previous experimental data below 200 MeV is shown. The comparison with proton-induced fission indicates that the limiting regime where neutron-induced and proton-induced fission reach equal cross section is close to 1 GeV.
^(237)Np(n,f) Cross Section: New Data and Present Status
C. Paradela,L. Tassan-Got,L. Audouin,B. Berthier,L. Ferrant,S. Isaev,C. Le Naour,C. Stephan,D. Trubert,S. David,I. Duran,D. Tarrio,H. Alvarez-Pol,U. Abbondanno,K. Fujii,P. M. Milazzo,C. Moreau,G. Aert 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
In this document, we present the final result obtained at the n_TOF experiment for the neutron-induced fission cross section of the ^(237)Np, from the fission threshold up to 1 GeV. The method applied to get this result is brie y discussed. n_TOF data are compared to the last experimental measurements using other TOF facilities or the surrogate method, reported experiments performed with monoenergetic sources and the FISCAL systematic, including a discussion about the existing discrepancies.