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Structural Basis for Assembly and Function of a Heterodimeric Plant Immune Receptor
Williams, Simon J.,Sohn, Kee Hoon,Wan, Li,Bernoux, Maud,Sarris, Panagiotis F.,Segonzac, Cecile,Ve, Thomas,Ma, Yan,Saucet, Simon B.,Ericsson, Daniel J.,Casey, Lachlan W.,Lonhienne, Thierry,Winzor, Dona American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.344 No.6181
<P><B>Universal Immune Function</B></P><P>Certain pathogen effectors are detected in plants by cytoplasmic receptors. First solving the crystal structures of <I>Arabidopsis</I> receptors, <B>Williams <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 299; see the Perspective by <B>Nishimura and Dangl</B>) discovered that in the resting state, the structures form a heterodimer that readies the complex for effector binding and keeps the signaling domains from firing too early. Once the pathogen effector binds, the structure of the complex shifts such that the signaling domains can form a homodimer to initiate downstream signaling. Similarities between these plant-pathogen receptors and Toll-like receptors in animals suggest the molecular mechanisms may translate broadly.</P>
Simone Scarcella,Daniele Castellani,Vineet Gauhar,Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh,Carlo Giulioni,Pietro Piazza,Carlo Andrea Bravi,Ruben De Groote,Geert De Naeyer,Stefano Puliatti,Andrea Benedetto Galosi,Alexand 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.6
Purpose: To review safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) compared to open simple prostatectomy (OP). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to assess the differences in perioperative course and functional outcomes in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and surgical indication. The incidences of complications were pooled using the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel Method and expressed as odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-values. Perioperative course and functional outcomes were pooled using the inverse variance of the mean difference (MD), 95% CI, and p-values. Analyses were two-tailed and the significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Eight studies were accepted. Meta-analysis showed significantly longer surgical time (MD, 43.72; 95% CI, 30.57–56.88; p<0.00001) with a significantly lower estimated blood loss (MD, -563.20; 95% CI, −739.95 to −386.46; p<0.00001) and shorter postoperative stay (MD, −2.85; 95% CI, −3.72 to −1.99; p<0.00001) in RASP. Catheterization time did not differ (MD, 0.65; 95% CI, −2.17 to 3.48; p=0.65). The risk of blood transfusion was significantly higher in OP (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.17–0.33; p<0.00001). The risk of recatheterization (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.32–11.93; p=0.47), postoperative urinary infections (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.23–3.51; p=0.87) and 30-day readmission rate (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.61–1.51; p=0.86) did not differ. At 3-month follow-up, functional outcomes were similar. Conclusions: RASP demonstrated a better perioperative outcome and equal early functional outcomes as compared to OP. These findings should be balanced against the longer operative time and higher cost of robotic surgery.
Sub-100 fs single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber mode-locked Yb-laser operation near 1 µm
Schmidt, Andreas,Rivier, Simon,Cho, Won Bae,Yim, Jong Hyuk,Choi, Sun Young,Lee, Soonil,Rotermund, Fabian,Rytz, Daniel,Steinmeyer, Gü,nter,Petrov, Valentin,Griebner, Uwe The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.22
<P>Transmission- and reflection-type single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorbers (SWCNT-SAs) were designed and fabricated for passive mode-locking of bulk lasers in the 1 microm spectral range. Mode-locked laser operation based on a diffusion-bonded Yb:KYW/KYW crystal was demonstrated, and pulses as short as 83 fs and 140 fs were achieved applying reflection-type and transmission-type SWCNT-SA, respectively. The nonlinear parameters of the absorbers were measured to be in close vicinity to those of a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for the same wavelength range. Mode-locking performance with SWCNT-SAs and the SESAM was compared utilizing the same cavity, with the SESAM resulting in only slightly shorter pulses of 66 fs duration. The nearly identical performance indicates that well-optimized SWCNT-SAs can substitute SESAMs even in the 1 microm region.</P>
Catalytic borylation of methane
Smith, Kyle T.,Berritt, Simon,Gonzá,lez-Moreiras, Mariano,Ahn, Seihwan,Smith III, Milton R.,Baik, Mu-Hyun,Mindiola, Daniel J. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.351 No.6280
<P>Despite steady progress in catalytic methods for the borylation of hydrocarbons, methane has not yet been subject to this transformation. Here we report the iridium-catalyzed borylation of methane using bis(pinacolborane) in cyclohexane solvent. Initially, trace amounts of borylated products were detected with phenanthroline-coordinated Ir complexes. A combination of experimental high-pressure and high-throughput screening, and computational mechanism discovery techniques helped to rationalize the foundation of the catalysis and identify improved phosphine-coordinated catalytic complexes. Optimized conditions of 150 degrees C and 3500-kilopascal pressure led to yields as high as similar to 52%, turnover numbers of 100, and improved chemoselectivity for monoborylated versus diborylated methane.</P>
Barnabas Takacs,Klara Csizinszky,Daniele Mazzei,Lajos Simon 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.10
We introduce a novel evaluation methodology to establish psychometrically validated measures to objectively evaluate socially capable robots. Our methodology involves first creating a digital computer generated face model designed to replicate the facial expression space of the robot with the highest accuracy, and second, using this model to render test sequences, which are in turn analyzed with independent facial metrics software. We compared three different facial modelings techniques to approximate our robot"s face and achieved 98.86% accuracy in replicating the facial appearance as measured by facial metric software. This digital face model can now be used to create arbitrary expressions for interaction purposes and for a more detailed analysis of low-amplitude micro-expressions, which are critical for proper social communication with children in a virtual tutoring context. We argue that our methodology is a first step towards objectively assessing the believability of commercially available robots.
Udeagha, Agbaeze Umazi,Shomkegh, Simon Alyegba,Daniel, Koko Sunday Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2
Leaf chlorophyll content provides valuable information about physiological status of plants. However, fewer studies have investigated the difference in chlorophyll concentration in leaves of tropical afforestation tree species. Therefore, this study examines the difference in foliar chlorophyll contents of six tropical afforestation tree species namely: Tectona grandis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Piptademiastrum africanum, Azadirachta indica, Brachystegia eurycoma and Gmelina arborea found in the relict forest in Umudike, South east, Nigeria. A single factor experiment in a completely randomised design in three replicates was employed to analyse the rate of leaf chlorophyll contents. Fisher's least significant different was used to test for significance in mean difference in foliar chlorophyll contents between tree species at 95% confidence interval using analysis of variance. The results of this study showed a significant difference in foliar chlorophyll concentration between the tree species with Tectona grandis having a higher chlorophyll concentration than other trees this could be as a result of its higher vegetative activity which increases its primary productivity followed by Pentaclethra macrophylla while Azadirachta indica having least the chlorophyll concentration. The study further revealed that other indigenous tree species like Piptademiastrum africanum and Brachystegia eurycoma have higher chlorophyll concentration. Further studies should be carry out to examine factors that have contributed informed the differences in the chlorophyll concentration of these trees species, thus this would broaden the understanding of their physiological status and equally encourage there conservation.
Agbaeze Umazi Udeagha,Simon Alyegba Shomkegh,Koko Sunday Daniel 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2
Leaf chlorophyll content provides valuable information about physiological status of plants. However, fewer studies have investigated the difference in chlorophyll concentration in leaves of tropical afforestation tree species. Therefore, this study examines the difference in foliar chlorophyll contents of six tropical afforestation tree species namely: Tectona grandis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Piptademiastrum africanum, Azadirachta indica, Brachystegia eurycoma and Gmelina arborea found in the relict forest in Umudike, South east, Nigeria. A single factor experiment in a completely randomised design in three replicates was employed to analyse the rate of leaf chlorophyll contents. Fisher’s least significant different was used to test for significance in mean difference in foliar chlorophyll contents between tree species at 95% confidence interval using analysis of variance. The results of this study showed a significant difference in foliar chlorophyll concentration between the tree species with Tectona grandis having a higher chlorophyll concentration than other trees this could be as a result of its higher vegetative activity which increases its primary productivity followed by Pentaclethra macrophylla while Azadirachta indica having least the chlorophyll concentration. The study further revealed that other indigenous tree species like Piptademiastrum africanum and Brachystegia eurycoma have higher chlorophyll concentration. Further studies should be carry out to examine factors that have contributed informed the differences in the chlorophyll concentration of these trees species, thus this would broaden the understanding of their physiological status and equally encourage there conservation.