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Effect of β-carotene on Nicotine-Induced Embryotoxicities in Mouse Embryos
Chunmei Lin,Jung-Min Yon,A Young Jung,Jong Geol Lee,Ki Youn Jung,Beom Jun Lee,Young Won Yun,Sang-Yoon Nam 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Nicotine, a major teratogen of cigarettes smoke induces embryonic abnormalities during the early stages of organogenesis. In this study, the protective effect of β-carotene against nicotine–induced embryos was evaluated by morphologic scoring, nile blue staining, lipid peroxidation, SOD activity assay and real-time PCR. The embryos exposed to nicotine (1 μM) revealed remarkable morphological anomalies compared to normal control group (p<0.05), but when β-carotene (1×10‒4 μM or 5×10‒4 μM) was added concurrently to the embryos exposed to nicotine, morphological parameters were significantly improved (p<0.05). Nicotine induced oxidative stress by increased lipid peroxidation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), caspases-3 and decreased SOD activity. However, administration of β-carotene (1×10‒4 μM or 5×10‒4 μM) restored the SOD level and decreased oxidative damage in the embryos. These results indicate that β-carotene effectively counteracts the deleterious effects of nicotine on embryos and attenuates oxidative damage possibly through its antioxidant effects.
Lin, Chunmei,Choi, Yun Seok,Park, Seul Gi,Gwon, Lee Wha,Lee, Jong Geol,Yon, Jung-Min,Baek, In-Jeoung,Lee, Beom Jun,Yun, Young Won,Nam, Sang-Yoon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 BioMed research international Vol.2016 No.-
<P>Scrotal hyperthermia leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells, which subsequently causes male infertility. In this study, we examined the effects of <I>β</I>-carotene and/or curcumin on heat-stress- (HS-) induced testicular injuries in mice. ICR male mice (8 weeks old) were consecutively treated with <I>β</I>-carotene (10 mg/kg) and/or curcumin (20 mg/kg) orally once a day for 14 days and then subjected to single exposure with scrotal HS at 43°C for 15 min on day 7. HS induced a significant reduction in testicular weight, appearance of multinucleated giant cells, and desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules, as well as degenerative Leydig cells. Moreover, HS reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and mRNA levels of mitochondrial SOD, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, B-cell lymphoma-extra-large, and 3<I>β</I>-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, with increases in lipid peroxidation levels and mRNA levels of BCL2-associated X protein and caspase-3 relative to those of the control group. However, these changes were significantly recovered by combined treatment with <I>β</I>-carotene and curcumin after HS. These findings indicate that the combined treatment with <I>β</I>-carotene and curcumin might be a valuable protective agent to ameliorate hyperthermic spermatogenic disorders via its potent antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and androgen synthetic effects.</P>
Lin, Chunmei,Kim, Saet Byeol,Yon, Jung-Min,Park, Seul Gi,Gwon, Lee Wha,Lee, Jong-Geol,Baek, In-Jeoung,Lee, Beom Jun,Yun, Young Won,Nam, Sang-Yoon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2017 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.57 No.4
Temporal and subcellular distributions of hyaluronic acid (HA) as a degradable nanoparticle (NP) in animals were investigated to determine if HA-NP could be utilized as an appropriate drug delivery system. After mice were intravenously injected with 5 mg/kg of Cy5.5-labeled HA-NP sized 350-400 nm or larger HA-polymers, the fluorescence intensity was measured in all homogenized organs from 0.5 h to 28 days. HA-NP was greatly detected in spleen, liver and kidney until day 28, while it was maintained at low levels in other organs. HA-polymer was observed at low levels in all organs. HA-NP quantities in spleen and liver were reduced until day 3, but increased sharply between days 3 and 7, then decreased again, while their HA-polymers were maintained at low levels until day 28. In kidneys, both HA-NP and HA-polymer showed high levels after 0.5 h of administration, but steadily decreased until day 28. According to ultrastructural analyses, HA-NP was engulfed in Kupffer cells of liver and macrophages of spleen and kidney at day 1 and was accumulated in the cytoplasm of kidney tubular cells at day 7. Overall, these findings suggest that HA-NP could be considered a desirable drug carrier in the liver, kidney, or spleen.
Lin, Chunmei,Jeong, Ju-Yeon,Yon, Jung-Min,Park, Seul Gi,Gwon, Lee Wha,Lee, Jong-Geol,Baek, In-Jeoung,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Lee, Beom Jun,Yun, Young Won,Nam, Sang-Yoon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2017 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.57 No.2
Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been investigated for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This study was conducted to determine the distributions of HA nanoparticles (NPs; size 350-400 nm) and larger HA polymers in mice at intervals after application. $^{177}Lutetium$ (Lu)-labeled HA-NPs or HA polymers were intravenously injected (5 mg/kg) into male ICR mice, and radioactivity levels in blood and target organs were measured from 0.25 h to 28 days post-injection. In blood, the radioactivities of HA-NPs and HA polymer peaked at 0.5 h after injection but were remarkably decreased at 2 h; subsequently, they maintained a constant level until 6 days post-injection. HA-NPs and HA polymers were observed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and heart (in ascending order) but were seldom observed in other organs. After 3 days, both the HA-NP and HA polymer levels showed similar steady decreases in lung, kidney, and heart. However, in liver and spleen, the HA-NP levels tended to decrease gradually after 1 day and both were very low after 14 days, whereas the HA polymer level accumulated for 28 days. The results indicate that HA-NPs, with their faster clearance pattern, may act as a better drug delivery system than HA polymers, especially in the liver and spleen.