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Is routine nasogastric tube insertion necessary in pancreaticoduodenectomy?
Yoon Young Choi,Jungman Kim,Daekwan Seo,Dongho Choi,Min Joo Kim,Jung Hoon Kim,Kyung-Jae Lee,Kyung Yul Hur 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.81 No.4
Purpose: The necessity of nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgical procedures has been increasingly questioned for several years. Traditionally, nasogastric decompression is a mandatory procedure after classical pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD); however, we still do not know whether or not it is necessary for PD. The present study was designed to assess the clinical benefit of nasogastric decompression after PD. Methods: Between July 2004 and May 2007, 41 consecutive patients who underwent PD were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients were enrolled in the nasogastric tube (NGT) group and 23 patients were enrolled in the no NGT group. Results: There were no differences in the demographics, pathology, co-morbid medical conditions, and pre-operative laboratory values between the two groups. In addition, the passage of flatus (P = 0.963) and starting time of oral intake (P = 0.951) were similar in both groups. In the NGT group, 61% of the patients complained of discomfort related to the NGT. Pleural effusions were frequent in the NGT group (P = 0.037); however, other post-operative complications, such as wound dehiscence and anastomotic leakage, occurred similarly in both groups. There was one case of NGT re-insertion in the NGT group. Conclusion: Routine nasogastric decompression in patients undergoing PD is not mandatory because it has no clinical advantages and increases patient discomfort.
Heo Jang,Choi Jungman 한국농촌경제연구원 2019 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-
South Korea, which suffered from severe hunger and poverty after the Korean War (1950~1953), has achieved self-sufficiency in supply of rice, a staple crop, since the early 1970s with the success of research and development, and extension services in the agricultural sector. The country has unique characteristics in its Agricultural Extension Services (AES), currently organized as the Rural Development Administration (RDA), compared to other countries and they have brought about significant success in improving agricultural productivity and efficiently providing developed technologies to farmers. This study has been performed to study AES in Eurasian countries as well as the development of the agricultural extension system of Korea in order to share the successful factors that enabled South Korea to accomplish such success in the agricultural R&D and technology distribution. This paper consists of four main parts of research. The first one is the development of the distinguished agricultural extension services of Korea in the perspective of policies and institutions. For the efficiency of AES, the Korean government combined research and development, and extension functions into one independent government body. RDA had four agricultural institutions of science and four extension-related bureaus and it could make synergy effects of the combined functions through the interaction during extension services with farmers who adopted new techniques and technologies provided by RDA. In the process, R&D and extension services could coincide. The second part of the study covers the Korean agricultural transformation which explains the changes in the agricultural sector over the past decades and suggests new directions for the role of agriculture in Korea. Due to the industrialization and modernization, diet habit and food consumption were diversified. Strategies and directions to revitalize rural communities including the restoration of rural areas, decentralization, investment in innovative growth in rural communities are provided. The third part of the study represents the current nutritional status and agricultural R&D and extension system of Eurasian countries. Since the independence in 1990, Eurasian countries developed and organized their own agricultural extension services in order to improve agricultural productivity and increase farmers’ income. The Eurasian countries which this study covers have operated not only national institutes of agricultural science but also educational institutions such as universities for the development of agricultural technologies. While a diversity of institutes are organized and play a critical role in R&D and extension services, such issues as lack of budget and well-trained extension workers, and too much dependence on international donors arise in the countries as problems. Lastly, the study delivers implications for AES of the Eurasian countries based on the findings from the case of the Korean extension services. Eurasian countries may have issues including lack of public investment, limited contributions by donors, and actors in R&D and extension services. For the efficiency of AES in the region, the study suggests the efficiency in coordination of functions between R&D and technology dissemination, extended involvement by the public sector, and extensive involvement of the extension services other than traditional functions of technology dissemination.
Risk-informed Emergency Response Training for Backdraft in Nuclear Power Plants
Mihyun Kim,Wonkook Kim,Hongki Kim,Jungman Kim,Sunhong Yoon,Jangwon Choi,Heemoon Kim 한국화재소방학회 2023 International Journal of Fire Science and Engineer Vol.37 No.3
Research has been conducted for developing fire evacuation and response training programs for nuclear power plant (NPP) application. Among numerous fire scenarios that may occur in an NPP environment, three different points of origin for a fire were selected for the program based on a risk-informed approach: switchgear room, main control room, and safety injection pump room. Fire outcomes were predicted for these scenarios via numerical modeling and the results were incorporated into the newly developed fire evacuation and response training program for the APR1400, Korea’s next-generation NPP model. The switchgear room fire scenario was found to have the most potential for backdraft to occur during manual fire response following automatic gaseous fire suppression system activation. The emergency response manual does discuss this possible backdraft occurrence; however, the guidance to avoid injuries is qualitative, such as to be cautious of backdrafts and wait a sufficient amount of time after opening a door before entering the. In this study, backdraft phenomenon that may occur from a switchgear room fire was numerically examined using the recent version of the Fire Dynamics Simulator to develop an appropriate timeline to be implemented in the fire evacuation and response training program. Based on the findings, the following guidance is provided: (1) backdraft can only occur when the fire originates in the space near the door; (2) wait at least 10 minutes after opening the door before entering the room; (3) watch for rapid smoke production, as this may be an antecedent phenomenon of backdraft; and (4) when smoke production increases rapidly, leave the room as soon as possible to avoid being caught within the deflagrating flames from a backdraft.
안정화 고형화 공법을 적용한 비소 오염 토양의 전기비저항 및 유도분극 측정과 용출 특성을 고려한 모니터링 방법 및 평가
이선재(Sunjae Lee),한만호(Manho Han),안용태(Yongtae Ahn),조정만(Jungman Jo),박상현(Sanghyun Park),이해석(Haeseok Lee),최재영(Jaeyoung Choi) 대한지질학회 2021 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
비소는 광물, 퇴적물, 암석, 토양 등에 널리 분포하는 원소 중 하나지만, 1900년대 다수 개발되었던 금속 광산과 석탄 광산이 휴·폐광되면서 방치된 광미가 강우에 의한 용출과 미세 광미가 농경지 환토로 사용되면서 토양의 비소오염 발생이 다수 보고되고 있다. 특히, 동·식물로의 흡수되거나 인체에 노출될 경우, 신체기능 저하와 암을 유발하는 등의 심각한 영향을 끼친다. 토양 내 비소는 침전, 탈착, 산화·환원 등의 기작을 이용하여 열탈착, 전기분해, 토양 세척, 안정화·고형화 공법 등을 적용하여 정화한다. 기존에는 세척 효율이 높은 토양 세척 공법이 주로 사용되었지만, 세척액의 과도한 사용과 폐수 발생으로 인한 2차 처리 시설 등의 필요로 인해 경제성을 확보하기가 어렵다. 이에 따라, 최근에는 경제성이 확보된 안정화·고형화 공법을 국내에 도입되 적용 사례가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 안정화·고형화 공법은 토양 정화 공법 중 하나로써 안정화제 및 고형화제를 통해 토양 내 오염물질의 이동성 저하 또는 고착화시켜 정화하는 공법이다. 특히, 중금속으로 오염된 부지에 주로 적용되고 있으며, 국내에는 2018년부터 도입되어 약 840개소의 농경지에 적용되었다. 안정화·고형화 공법은 폐광산 인근의 농경지와 산업단지 등 오염 면적이 넓은 부지에 적용 시 비용적 측면에서 경제적이라는 장점이 있으나, 오염원을 영구적으로 제거하는 것이 아닌 용출 및 확산을 억제하여 이동성을 저하시키거나 안정적인 형태로 변형시키는 것이기에 안정화제 및 고형화제의 유지능 저하 시 재오염 가능성이 존재하기 때문에 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 재오염 시기를 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 기존의 안정화제 유지능 평가는 주로 전함량 분석법, 연속 추출법, TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure), SPLP (The Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure) 용출 시험법 등과 같은 화학적인 분석 방법으로 진행된다. 전함량 분석법은, 안정화·고형화 공법이 오염물질의 총량을 저감시키는 공법이 아니기 때문에 적용 시 논란의 여지가 있으며, 이외 다른 용출 시험법도 정확한 평가를 하기에는 한계점이 존재한다. 따라서, 화학적 분석을 통한 평가 방법의 한계점을 보완하고자 광물탐사 및 자원개발 등에 널리 사용되는 전기비저항 및 유도분극 탐사 기법을 적용하여 비파괴적이면서도 지하 매질의 신속한 물성 분포에 관한 연속적인 정보 획득을 통해 안정화제의 유지능을 평가하고자 하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 AMDS (Acid Mine Drainage Sludge), CMDS (Coal Mine Drainage Sludge), 제강슬래그 3종의 안정화제를 비소로 오염된 토양과 혼합하여 컬럼으로 모사한 실내 실험과 안정화·고형화 PILOT 시험구 모니터링, 페광산 인근 농경지 평가를 통해 안정화·고형화 공법을 적용한 토양의 용출 용액의 특성과 전기비저항 및 유도분극 측정을 통해 상관성을 도출하고 향후 안정화 부지의 평가와 모니터링에 대한 적용성을 평가하였다.