In₆S₇ nanoparticle-embedded and sulfur and nitrogen co-doped microporous carbons derived from In(tdc)₂ metal-organic framework

Choi, In-Hwan,Jang, So-Young,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Huh, Seong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Dalton Transactions Vol.47 No.4

<P>Indium sulfide nanoparticle (NP)-embedded microporous carbons co-doped with S- and N-dopants are easily prepared by a direct carbonization of the as-prepared In(iii)-based metal-organic framework (In-MOF), [Et2NH2][In(tdc)2]·DEF, containing ditopic S-containing 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate (tdc<SUP>2−</SUP>) bridging linkers as a potential source of S-dopant. The charge on the anionic framework of [In(tdc)2]<SUP>−</SUP> is balanced by Et2NH2<SUP>+</SUP>, which is also a potential N-dopant. Simultaneous embedding of In-based NPs, S-, and N-co-doping is achieved in a simple single step carbonization of In-MOF. Three porous carbon materials (PCMs), PCM-700, PCM-800, and PCM-900, are obtained from the carbonization of In-MOF at 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. The gas sorption analysis indicates them as good CO2 sorbents. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by PCMs under visible light irradiation is also effectively operable owing to the photocatalytically active semiconducting indium sulfide NP with a small bandgap. The main component of indium sulfide NPs is revealed as In6S7 based on the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Small amounts of metallic In and In2S3 are also observed. The specific capacitances of PCMs are also estimated from the galvanostatic charge/discharge curves. PCM-900 exhibits the highest gravimetric specific capacitance of 99.0 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 0.05 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>

DMBA 유도 햄스터 협낭암 발생과정에서 방사선 조사가 증식세포핵항원(PCNA)의 발현과 apoptosis 유발에 미치는 영향

전인성,허민석,최항문,이삼선,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2000 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.30 No.3

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigate the effect of irradiation on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis induction during the carcinogenesis in hamster buccal pouch. Materials and methods : Three months old Syrian golden hamsters were divided into control and 2 experimental groups, Hamsters in control group were left untreated on buccal pouchs. Twenty four hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA tri-weekly on the right buccal pouch. Forty eight hamsters were treated with 0.5% DMBA tri-weekly and irradiated with the dose of 5 Gy and 10 Gy at 6,9, 12, 15 weeks after DMBA application. Resected buccal pouches were sectioned and examined for potential expression pattern of PCNA and apoptosis. Results : The PCNA index was increased with the stages of buccal pouch epithelium carcinogenesis except the hyperplasia stage in control group (p< 0.05). The irradiation did not effect on the PCNA index in the dysplasia and the carcinoma in situ stage, but in the hyperplasia stage, the PCNA index was increased with 10 Gy radiation and decreased in the carcinoma stage (p< 0.05). The apoptotic index was significantly decreased from the carcinoma in situ stage and the lowest in the carcinoma stage, The apoptotic index was significantly decreased in the hyperplasia and dysplasia stage with the 5 Gy irradiation and significantly increased only in the carcinoma stage with the 10 Gy irradiation (p< 0.05). Conclusion : The PCNA and apoptotic index were varied according to the irradiation period and dosage in each carcinogenesis stage. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2000; 30: 207-216)

Adult invasive pneumococcal disease in the Republic of Korea: Risk medical conditions and mortality stratified by age group

Kim, Jong Hun,Baik, Seung Hee,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Hyo Youl,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Choi, Won Suk,Jo, Yu Mi,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Kim, Jeong Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This study aimed to characterize the risk factors for mortality in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) stratified by age groups, after implementation of the national immunization program of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for those aged ≥65 years in the Republic of Korea (ROK).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Clinical data and pneumococcal isolates from adult patients with IPD (≥18 years of age) were collected prospectively from 20 hospitals through the nationwide surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 319 patients with IPD were enrolled. Median age was 69 years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2%: 17.1% in those aged 18–49 years, 23.7% in those aged 50–64 years, 33.0% in those aged 65–74 years, and 51.0% in those aged ≥75 years (<I>p<</I> 0.001). In particular, early death within 7days of hospitalization accounted for 60.6% (66/109). While old age (≥65 years), higher Pitt bacteremia score (≥4), and bacteremic pneumonia were independently associated with IPD mortality in all age groups, an additional mortality risk factor of immunocompromised status was identified for patients aged 50–64 years. PPSV23 serotypes accounted for 64.4% (122/189) of the pneumococcal isolates serotyped.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study suggests that vaccine-type IPD continues to place a substantial burden on older adults in the ROK, necessitating an effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization of the elderly with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was implemented in Korea in 2013. </LI> <LI> Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2% for adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and 51.0% for patients ≥75 years of age. </LI> <LI> Mortality risks were older age, higher bacteremia score, and immunocompromised status. </LI> <LI> An effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk of IPD is needed. </LI> </UL> </P>

國民學校 實科敎育의 變遷過程과 現行課程에 對한 考察과 展望

崔哲仁 서울 敎育大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

1. Introduction It has become a surprising internal and external matter of concern that our earnest desire has been able to be realized in advance as the government anounced that the export for 10 billion dollars and the income per capita of 1,000 dollars which were due in 1980's have been made to be the end for 1977, the first year of the Fourth Five Year Economic Development Plan, and the income per capita will be enhanced to some 1,300 dollars as formerly scheduled for the year of 1981. The great problems we have now are the educational problems to meet the rapid economic and social development, the maintenance of the continual economic development, the sense of participation in the international society side by side with other developed countries, and the social life fit for the industrialized society. Now. under the government's revitalizing system, we must stay predominant over other nations in this international society, lay emphasis on increasing national power based upon self-support and self-help spirit in order to cope with the changes of the international situation, and promote our national prosperity. Our education had to follow such a proposition of this country and that is why the school curriculums have been reorganized three times since the establishment of our government. It is certain, therefore, that we can promote our educational efficiency by means of studying how our school curriculums have undergone changes making sure that we have attained the educational efficiency our country and society require and finding out what is the most desirable vocational education in the course towards 1980's. 2. The Transition since the Liberation from Japan In the history of our education, it was originated from So Hak Hoe Reyong (the elementary) ordnance proclaimed in 1895 (32nd year of King Gojong of Yi dynasty) and Jung Hak Gwan Jae (the middle school organization of the government) in 1899 (3rd year of King Gwangmu of Yi dynasty) that the subjects belonging to the vocational curriculums were first provided by a modernized school. At that time, the expressions such as "vocational course" and "home economics" were not used, but only as the educational major points, "embroidery" "handicraft" "agriculture" and "commerce" were provided, two of which were compulsory during a se mester. The curriculums of those days includede embroidery, handicraft, agriculture and, what were essential to everyday life, the subjects like knitting and sewing. It was intended to form a good habit of thrift and saving, and finally to develop the ability of making the things essential to everyday life. However, it was not until the Senior High School Ordinance and the Enforcement Ordinance were proclaimed as the Proclamation No. 42 in August 1906 that these subjects reached at the level of a vocational course and this course became to be supported by the Vocational School Ordinance proclaimed as the Proclamation No. 56 in April 1909. After the curriculums proclaimed on August 1, 1955 were enforced, such subjects were at the level of a course as we call today vocational course or home economics course. As the second step, in the revised curriculums proclaimed on February 15, 1963, a great emphasis was placed on abolishing several faults and conservative aspects, promoting productive capacity and overcoming the poverty of our country. In short, the curriculums were revised in order to satisfy the desire of our country and society. 3. A Study and View of the Current Transition As the curriculums mentioned above became difficult to cope with the changes of our social life caused by pur rapid economic development in 1960's and became more difficult in 1970's towards 1980's they were revised again on February 14, 1973. The revision is especially intended to reorganize the importance of the vocational education, and to establish the spirit of independenc, self-support and self-help through industry, thrift and saving on the basis that the basic living attitude should be to love labor even from the time when we begin to receive a basic education. In order to achieve this intention, the revised curriculums provide nine major units of 1970's to the earlier part of 1980's should maintain a higher living and cultural standard, make a foundation of a civilized people joining in the rank of the developped countries in the world, make a living in the modern industrial society our country requires, and satisfy the social demand of manpower. But it must be considered how to make effective use of the educational characteristic aiming at experiments and practical exercises, because the vocational text books used now are simple and cannot take the regional characteristics of vocational education into its account. 4. Conclusion Consequently the present curriculums can be thought to have made a step forward to be systematized in forming an independent unit; so called vocational course. But in order to fortify the social and economic developments, far more fundamental theories and techniques connected directly with our everyday life must be generalized and systematized. And therefore, our school education should be developped on the basis of the scientific life; today's school textbooks should be compiled so as to be evenly applied to the practical living conditions in our cities, interiors and fishing villages; the head teacher system should be set up in order to secure the teachers who take exclusive charge of vocational education; the talent of teachers should be improved by enforcing the special lectures in favor of vocational education. And also self-supporting school system should be extended and every school be converted to a self-supporting school in accordance with its actual circumstances so that school children may have the spirit of hard work, labor and co-operation making the foundation of national integration spirit. School children should be educated to use the daily necessaries by their own making and to be accustomed to the habit of reasonable thrifty living. Above all the systems of junior high school admission without examination and the equalization of senior high school require these kinds of educational effects. Through such educational system, the assignment of the right man in the right place and the reckless competition of entrance examination will be refined, and a sound social development will be secured. What is more, these educational effects will be increased as they are inseparably related to the new-community education.

소아의 연령별 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 균체응집항체 및 동종혈구응집항체간의 비교연구

정화영,정상인,최철순,양용태 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

In general, the concentration of maternal IgG globulin in serum of the neonates falls rapidly within the first few months after birth and the production of IgM globulin develops in the maturing infants during the course of exposure to various antigens in the environment. The development of natural antibodies, ie., isohemagglutinins, IgM class, to ABO blood group substances and agglutinins, Ig class, to normal flora, in the early stage of life is important since not only they may act as bactericidal substances in nonspecific manners, but also could be immunological barometers on the normal function of humoral immune system. The high concentration of isohemagglutinins to human A or B blood group antigens and agglutinating antibodies to some of normal flora such as Propionibacterium acnes or Staphylococcus aureus were observed in normal human sera. It has been known that the serum concentration of IgM globulin usually reached adult levels by one year of age, while that of IgG globulins by five to six years of age. However, the levels of isohemagglutinins to A and B group substances and agglutinating to Propionibacterium acnes in children's sera and the ages in which the concentrations of their antibodies reached to abult levels are not clarified. In this study, the concentrations of isohemagglutinins to A and B blood group antigens and agglutinating antibodies to P.acnes serotype Ⅰ and serotype Ⅱ in the sera of 163 normal children, ranged from 0 day to 15 years of age, were measured by means of microtitration technique. The results obtained are as follows: 1. In the sera of 163 children under 15 years of age, there observed no significant difference in the titers of agglutinating antibodies to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ andⅡ. 2. Of 75 sera of children under one year of age, the numbers of sera in which agglutinating antibodies were not detectable or less than 1:4 to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ were 67(89.6%) and to serotype Ⅱ 53(70.7%), respectively. 3. Agglutinating antibody to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ in the children's sera reached adult levels by 7 years of age, but 100 percentages of antibody detection was observed only in the age group of 15 years old, whereas the adult levels of isohemagglutinins to A and B blood group antigens were observed in the age group of 6 months old. 4. No correlation were observed in normal children's sera between agglutinating antibody titre to P. acnes serotype Ⅰ and isohemagglutinin titre. These results indicated that the isohemagglutinins to ABO blood substances appeared in the earlier stage of life than did agglutinating antibodies to P. acnes.

응집공정에 적합한 In-Line 정적혼화기를 이용한 혼화공정의 개선

정철우,강민수,최시환,정수일,손인식,강임석 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The rapid mixing process for coagulation is a critical component in a water treatment plant. However, at the present time a detailed understanding of the rapid mixing by in-line mixer or generally accepted criteria for the design of in-line static mixer are not available. The aim of this work is therefore to improve the understanding of how the in-line static mixer works and how to better utilize it in coagulation process in water treatment. To investigate the performance of static mixer, coagulation experiments were conducted to compare the static mixer to the traditional backmixer under several coagulation conditions. Experiments were also performed to compare the coagulation efficiency of different mixing type of static mixer which were made using different flow rates and the number of elements equipped in a pipe. The static mixer performed better than the backmixer for all coagulation and mixing conditions tested. Especially, the static mixer was very effective in the surface charge neutralization, as showing higher reduction of negative charge with increasing mixing intensity. However, little difference was observed in the performance of the static mixer equipped with 2, 3, and 5 elements. Also, in a series of bench-scale studies of rapid mixing, the in-line static mixer performed better than the traditional backmixer for both adsorption and charge neutralization (A/N) mechanism and sweep coagulation mechanisms. Especially, the static mixer was more efficient at producing A/N mechanism conditions as a result of its fast and uniform dispersion of the coagulant.

안면중앙부 골절 진단시 전산화단층사진과 Waters 방사선사진의 진단능 비교

전인성,최순철 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1997 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.27 No.1

This study was intended to compare the diagnostic ability between Waters' radiograph and CT in the diagnosis of midfacial fracture. The study group included 44 patients(male:32, female:12, age range:16-74 years old) with facial injury who underwent surgery. Waters' radiograph and both axial and coronal scanning were performed before surgery. Three oral radiologists and three non-oral radiologist interpreted 44 Waters' radiographs and 88 CT in three ways; 1) interpretation using Waters' radiograph only, 2) interpretation using CT only, 3) interpretation using Waters' radiograph and CT. The interpretation sites were confined to the walls of maxillary sinus; anterior, posterior, medial, lateral and superior wall. ROC curves were made with the findings during surgery as a gold standard except the posterior wall, where the joint evaluation of Waters' radiograph and CT by other three oral radiologists was used. ROC areas were compared according to the interpreting methods, the interpretation sites, and groups (R group ; oral radiologist group, N group ; non-oral radiologist group). The obtained results were as followed: 1. The diagnostic ability of CT only and Waters' radiograph and CT was higher than Waters' radiograph only in both groups(P<0.05). But there was no difference between CT only and Waters' radiograph and CT. 2. Generally, the diagnostic ability for the lateral antral wall was the highest and that for the posterior antral wall was the lowest in both groups(P<0.05). 3. In R group, for the anterior antral wall the diagnostic ability using CT only was increased but for the medial, lateral and superior antral walls the diagnostic ability was increased in only using Waters' radiograph and CT. 4. In N group, for the anterior and medial walls the diagnostic ability using CT only was increased. But for the posterior, lateral and superior antral walls there were no difference among three interpreting methods. 5. The diagnostic ability of R group was higher than N group in all interpreting methods.

Optimal Timing of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Healt

Kim, Min Chul,Jeong, Myung Ho,Sim, Doo Sun,Hong, Young Joon,Kim, Ju Han,Ahn, Youngkeun,Ahn, Tae Hoon,Seung, Ki Bae,Choi, Dong-Joo,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Gwon, Hyeon Cheol,Seong, In Whan,Hwang, Kyung Kuk,Chae, S Elsevier 2018 The American journal of cardiology Vol.121 No.11

<P>The optimal timing of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), complicated by acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), is unclear. A total of 1,027 patients with NSTEMI complicated by ADHF who underwent successful PCI were analyzed using a Korean multicenter registry. All patients were divided into 4 groups by the timing of PCI: group 1 (PCI < 2 hour after admission, n = 149), group 2 (2 to 24 hours, n = 577), group 3 (24 to 72 hours, n = 189), and group 4 (≥72 hours, n = 112). We analyzed the incidences of 12-month mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), target-vessel revascularization, and rehospitalization because of HF. The prevalence of ADHF in patients with NSTEMI was 15.2% at initial presentation, and in-hospital mortality was higher in group 1 than in the other groups. There were no significant differences in mortality, nonfatal MI, target-vessel revascularization, or rehospitalization for HF during the 12-month follow-up between groups, regardless of initial PCI timing, except for a higher 12-month mortality in patients who received PCI within 24 hours (vs ≥24 hours) (hazard ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 2.29, p = 0.046). Early PCI did not reduce adverse clinical outcomes in patients with NSTEMI complicated by ADHF. Delayed PCI after stabilization may be reasonable in such high-risk patients.</P>

도암호의 수질과 어류군집 특성 연구

이상하,최재석,이광열,장영수,임인수,허우명,김재구,김범철 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

To investigate nutrient dynamics of the lake and fish community, both water and fish samples were collected at three different areas (dam site, upper inflowing and downstream of lake outfow) for one year from Sep.2004 to Aug.2005 During the experimental periods, mean concentration of chl, a in epilimnetic layer (0-5m) was 18.5mg^(-3) and transparency ranged from 0.3m to 2.4m, respectively. In nutrient, mean concentrations of TP and TN were 111 mgP m^(-3) and 4.4 mgN L^(-1), respectively. Based on the water quality standard suggested by U.S.EPA(*1976), the trophic state of Lake Doam was classified as eutrophic state. Total number of fish collected in Lake Doam was 9,600 indiveduals in 26 species of 6 family. Sixteen of Korean endemic soecies including H. mylodon, A. signifer, P. tenuicorpa occurred. O. mykiss as introduced fish was also found in Lake Doam. Dominant and subdominant species were P. herzi and Z. platypus that took about 34.6% and 22.5% of total fish composition, respectively. Six species including A. signifer. P. tenuicorpa. and R. kumgangensis were rare in Lake Doam. Pelagic typw of figh commonly occurred at upper regions, whereas benthic type was mainly domenated at downstream area. Therefore, pollution source inflowed from the upper regions did not seriously affect downstream area (Songcheon water system) due to the role of dam as pollutant barrier. In addition high appearance of Comat type of fish that si hybrid between gold fish (C.auratus) and C. auratus was found in the lake, It was unclear the reasons that high prorortion of mutant species apperared in the lake. Further more researches are required in this area.

관동맥질환에서 저밀도 지단백 입자 크기의 분포

임효영,김인숙,승기배,강동헌,전두수,장기육,박준철,이수영,홍순조,최규보 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8