China’s Defense Industry Development Policy—With Focus on the Implications Using the Dynamic Model

Chiou-Guey Jan,Min Su 한국국방연구원 2023 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.35 No.1

This study explores seven decades of development and evolution in China’s defense industry (DI) policy since 1949 via Systems Thinking methodology; to construct the issue interlinked by dynamic, complex, domestic and international factors; and to propose a dynamic model for the construction of China’s armament systems. Furthermore, this study will attempt to elaborate how China, based on its traditional philosophy of “army integrated into civilian support and sustained through the people,” establishes a win–win–win situation of DI development. This study finds that China uses DI development to lead civil industry upgrades and, with its colossal economic scale, helps to boost overall macroeconomic growth. China then applies its economic and industrial advantages to support defense building. In this way, a positive feedback cycle mutually supported by defense building, technological and economic development is created. With the trend toward the commercialization of global armaments, this dynamic model is worthy of reference for developing countries, newly industrialized countries, and those countries which are facing the issue of DI transformation.

Proteomics/qPCR protocol to estimate physical ages of wild male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

Chiou Ling Chang 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

Laboratory reared fruit flies may have different behavioral phenotypes as compared to the wild in the field. The domesticated lab setting and the absence of factors from the natural environment on lab reared insects may result in different behavioral patterns, such as the length of life cycle. This study was performed to conduct a regression analysis of the ratio of odorant binding protein 99b (OBP99b) expression from 4 to 12-d-old oriental fruit fly males, relative to 1-d-old males to estimate the physical ages of wild male fruit flies. We established two polynomial linear regression equations based on 4–12 days old lab-reared flies using proteomics and qPCR. The equations are Y = −0.7768 + 0.7205X, R2 = 0.89 (for proteomics) and Y = −0.6478 + 0.344X, R2 = 0.64 (for qPCR). We used these equations to estimate the physical ages of wild-caught male fruit flies. These results indicate that despite multiple behavioral differences between laboratory reared and field-caught flies, the physical ages of both groups are identical.We suggest proteomics and qPCR analysis of selected genes and the proteins they encode may be developed into reliable tools for determining the ages of wild-caught animals, including oriental fruit flies.

Effect of High Dietary Copper on the Morphology of Gastro-Intestinal Tract in Broiler Chickens

Chiou, P.W.S.,Chen, C.L.,Chen, K.L.,Wu, C.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.4

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of high dietary copper supplementation on the gastrointestinal tract morphology of broiler chickens. Eighty 3-week-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into eight groups of four dietary treatments and over three week were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets that contained 0, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg of supplemental copper from cupric sulfate. The copper supplementation in the broiler diet up to 250 mg/kg did not significantly influence broilers' performance. A high dietary copper supplementation of 500 mg/kg did significantly depress growth and feed conversion in the broilers (p<0.05). Copper supplementation more than 250 mg/kg in the broiler diet significantly influenced the morphology of the GI tract, as shown by severe oral lesions and gizzard erosion. It also significantly depressed the villi height and significantly thickened the muscular layer in the duodenum (p<0.05). The severely damaged villi were observed by scanning electronic microscope from the duodenum samples of broilers fed a 500 mg/kg copper supplemented diet. The 500 mg/kg copper supplemented diet also significantly influenced the plasma constituents. Plasma glucose concentration was significantly depressed (p<0.05).

The current status of three-dimensional ultrasonography in gynaecology

Chiou Li Ong 대한초음파의학회 2016 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.35 No.1

Ultrasonography (US) is the most recent cross-sectional imaging modality to acquire threedimensional (3D) capabilities. The reconstruction of volumetric US data for multiplanar display took a significantly longer time to develop in comparison with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The current equipment for 3D-US is capable of producing highresolution images in three different planes, including real-time surface-rendered images. The use of 3D-US in gynaecology was accelerated through the development of the endovaginal volume transducer, which allows the automated acquisition of volumetric US data. Although initially considered an adjunct to two-dimensional US, 3D-US is now the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of Müllerian duct anomalies and the location of intrauterine devices.

Effects of Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Extract on Performance of Lactating Cows in the Summer and Winter in Taiwan

Chiou, Peter Wen-Shyg,Chen, Chao-Ren,Yu, Bi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.3

The aims of this study is to evaluate the effect of Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Extract (AFE) on the performance of lactating cows in summer (May to July) and winter (December to February). The experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) and dietary treatments were 1) basal diet without AFE, 2) basal plus 3 g/d AFE into the basal total mixed ration (TMR), 3) basal plus 45.4 mg AFE/kg the ensiling corn silage and 4) AFE inclusion in silage and TMR. Twenty-eight cows from each trial were selected and randomly allocated into the four treatment groups, confined in individual pens, and fed ad libitum for 8 weeks in both seasons of feeding trials. Results showed that AFE inclusion in corn silage significantly improved DM intake by 4.4% and milk yield by 3.1% (p<0.05) during summer. In the winter season, AFE inclusion in the diet significantly improved milk yield by 10%. Direct addition of AFE to the TMR even further significantly improved milk yield over the addition through corn silage by 7.4% in winter (p<0.05). An additive effect of AFE inclusion into TMR and through corn silage was also demonstrated in the winter-feeding. AFE inclusion however, did not improve DM intake during the winter trial. In the summer trial, inclusion of AFE showed an adverse effect on the percentage of milk fat, but did not impact on the milk fat yield. Adding AFE through corn silage showed a trend towards alleviating the negative effects of milk fat from direct AFE inclusion in TMR. The similar trend occurred in the winter trial. The inclusion of AFE through corn silage significantly lowered the milk protein content over direct AFE addition, but did not significantly impacted the milk protein yield in summer. AFE supplementation during the winter season significantly increased milk protein content. Adding AFE to the corn silage significantly increased milk protein content over direct AFE addition in winter although inclusion of AFE significantly decreased total milk solid content in the summer (p<0.005). During the winter season, inclusion of AFE required less DM to produce a unit of milk. Inclusion of AFE into corn silage required less DM, energy and protein to produce a unit of milk. But inclusion of AFE did not alleviate heat stress on the lactating cows.

Dietary wheat germ oil and age influences fatty acid compositions in adult oriental fruit flies

Chiou Ling Chang,Eric Haas,Athena M.M. Mina,Josephione A. Bustamante,Danielle Schneider,Emma Mitchel,Morgan Freilich,David Stanley 한국응용곤충학회 2013 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.16 No.3

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a serious pest of fruit crops in Asia,several Pacific Islands and sometimes the western United States, particularly California. Sterile insect technique programs have been developed for management of several tephritid fruit fly pests. These programs are based on continuous production of adult fruit flies. The high expense of mass-rearing oriental fruit flies drives research to improve the cost effectiveness of rearing programs. One recent improvement for mass rearing oriental fruit flies involves adding wheat germ oil (WGO) to the larval culture medium, which improved several parameters of biological performance. The performance enhancing influence of WGO is due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), some of which are nutritionally essential for many insect species. We considered the issue of whether WGO supplementation of the larval culture medium influences the fatty acid make up of adult tissues. We report that WGO supplementation led to substantial increases in adult tissue C18 PUFAs. Unlike the outcomes of unrelated nutritional studies on moths, the PUFA components of WGO did not improve adult fruit fly performance. Taken with recent publications reporting that WGO in larval diets influences gene expression, we conclude that dietary WGO improves biological performance of adults through changes in tissue C18 PUFAs and gene expression.

Materials (Organic, Inorganic, Electronic, Thin Films), Polymer, Fluidization, Particle Technology : Influence of Hydrodynamic Parameters on Particle Attrition during Fluidization at High Temperature

( Chiou Liang Lin ),( Ming Yen Wey ) 한국화학공학회 2005 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.22 No.1

Exploring Elementary English Teachers' Practical Knowledge: A Case Study of EFL Teachers in Taiwan

Chiou-hui Chou 서울대학교 교육연구소 2008 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.9 No.4

Teaching, English in elementary schools has been ail important educational policy in Asian countries over the past several decades. This study investigates how in-service teachers in elementary schools conceptualize their practical knowledge about English teaching in Taiwan. It provides examples of experiences and practical knowledge that English teachers have developed in their own contexts. The practical knowledge of teachers was investigated using a qualitative case study. Three in-service teachers participated in this Study. Data include interviews. classroom observations, teachers' reflective journals, and teaching materials. The Study provides practical principles and rules of practice for elementary EFL teachers. It offers insights that policy makers need to consider in setting up a sound English teaching and learning program for elementary schools in EFL contexts.

Studies on the Use of Wet Sorghum Distiller's Grains in Lactating Cows

Chiou, P.W.S.,Chang, S.H.,Chiang, J.K.,Yu, B.,Chen, C.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.6

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating wet sorghum distiller's grains (WSDG) as part of their diet on the lactating performance of dairy cows. Twenty-seven Holstein milking cows were selected, all in the early lactating stage, with an average weight of 550 kg, and producing an average of 30 kg of milk daily. The cows were divided into three groups according to milk yield and lactation and were fed different total mixed rations. The diets were formulated according to NRC (1989) recommendations in three rations to (1) control diet, (2) 15% WSDG diet and (3) 30% WSDG diet. The three different diets were all formulated as iso-nitrogen and iso-energetic diets. After one week adaptation period, the experimental feeding was conducted for 8 weeks. Three ruminal cannulated cows were also examined in order to investigate ruminal fermentation of the three total mixed rations. The results showed that the milk yield, as corrected to the 4.0% fat standard, had no significant difference among the control, 15% WSDG and 30% WSDG treatment groups (p>0.05). The daily dry matter intake of the control group was higher than the other groups (p<0.05). with respect to milk composition, milk fat, milk protein and total solids, there was no significant difference among the treatment groups (p>0.05). The energy efficiency of the 30% WSDG group were significantly higher than the other treatment groups (p<0.05). Ruminal pH value showed no difference among the treatment groups (p<0.05). Ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the control group was higher than the other treatment groups (p<0.05). The concentration of total ruminal volatile fatty acid was similar in all three dietary groups.

Evaluation of heavy metal distribution and biological toxicity in agglomeration bed material during artificial waste incineration in fluidized bed

Chiou-Liang Lin,Tzu-Huan Peng 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.5

This study discusses the impact of different operating parameters on the bed material particle size and heavy metal distribution, and evaluates the impact of bed material heavy metal on the environment through TCLP and Vibrio fischeri test. The experimental results show that the bed material particle size distribution inclines to smaller particle sizes as the operating temperature increases. When there is Na, the particle size increases due to the agglomeration of eutectic. As for the heavy metal distribution, the combination of the fine particle sizes (<0.59mm) with a large surface area and the large particle sizes with multiple eutectics has a higher heavy metal concentration. According to the results of leaching concentration of bed materials with different particle sizes, the heavy metals with large (>0.84 mm) and fine (<0.59 mm) particle sizes have the maximum leaching concentration. As for the biological toxicity, when the temperature is 700 oC or Na concentration is 0.3%, the biological toxicity is at its maximum, which may due to a high accumulation of heavy metals.