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MiSun Lee,SooYoung Bhang,CheolSoon Lee,HyoungYoon Chang,JiYoun Kim,JuHyun Lee,Eunji Kim,SeungMin Bae,JangHo Park,HyeJin Kim,JunWon Hwang 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6
Objective-The goal of this study was to describe the psychiatric symptoms in the teachers from Danwon High School who were exposed to the sinking of the Motor Vessel Sewol. Methods-Data were collected from 32 teachers who underwent psychiatric interventions by 16 volunteer psychiatrists for 3 months after the sinking of the Motor Vessel Sewol. Results-The most commonly diagnosed clinical diagnosis in the teachers were normal reaction, acute stress disorder and adjustment disorder. Psychiatric symptoms including anxiety, depressed mood and sleep disturbances were also observed. Conclusion-In the acute aftermath of the Sewol Ferry sinking on April 16, 2014, psychiatrists volunteered to provide professional psychiatric interventions to Danwon High School teachers. These results suggest the importance of crisis intervention focused on the teachers who are exposed to disasters. The implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Loss of glucocerebrosidase 1 activity causes lysosomal dysfunction and α-synuclein aggregation
Bae, Eun-Jin,Yang, Na Young,Lee, Cheolsoon,Lee, He-Jin,Kim, Seokjoong,Sardi, Sergio Pablo,Lee, Seung-Jae Nature Publishing Group 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.3
<P>Lysosomal dysfunction is a common pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. GTP-binding protein type A1 (<I>GBA1</I>) encodes β-glucocerebrosidase 1 (GCase 1), a lysosomal hydrolase. Homozygous mutations in <I>GBA1</I> cause Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, while heterozygous mutations are strong risk factors for Parkinson's disease. However, whether loss of GCase 1 activity is sufficient for lysosomal dysfunction has not been clearly determined. Here, we generated human neuroblastoma cell lines with nonsense mutations in the <I>GBA1</I> gene using zinc-finger nucleases. Depending on the site of mutation, GCase 1 activity was lost or maintained. The cell line with GCase 1 deficiency showed indications of lysosomal dysfunction, such as accumulation of lysosomal substrates, reduced dextran degradation and accumulation of enlarged vacuolar structures. In contrast, the cell line with C-terminal truncation of GCase 1 but with intact GCase 1 activity showed normal lysosomal function. When α-synuclein was overexpressed, accumulation and secretion of insoluble aggregates increased in cells with GCase 1 deficiency but did not change in mutant cells with normal GCase 1 activity. These results demonstrate that loss of GCase 1 activity is sufficient to cause lysosomal dysfunction and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates.</P>
Monitoring QZSS CLAS-based VRS-RTK Positioning Performance
Cheolsoon Lim,Yebin Lee,Yunho Cha,Byungwoon Park,Sul-Gee Park,Sanghyun Park 사단법인 항법시스템학회 2022 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.11 No.4
The Centimeter Level Augmentation Service (CLAS) is the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) – Real Time Kinematic (RTK) correction service utilizing the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) L6 (1278.65 MHz) signal to broadcast the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) error corrections. Compact State-Space Representation (CSSR) corrections for mitigating GNSS measurement error sources such as satellite orbit, clock, code and phase biases, tropospheric error, ionospheric error are estimated from the ground segment of QZSS CLAS using the code and carrier-phase measurements collected in the Japan’s GNSS Earth Observation Network (GEONET). Since the CLAS service begun on November 1, 2018, users with dedicated receivers can perform cm-level precise positioning using CSSR corrections. In this paper, CLAS-based VRS-RTK performance evaluation was performed using Global Positioning System (GPS) observables collected from the refence station, TSK2, located in Japan. As a result of performing GPS-only RTK positioning using the open-source software CLASLIB and RTKLIB, it took about 15 minutes to resolve the carrier-phase ambiguities, and the RTK fix rate was only about 41%. Also, the Root Mean Squares (RMS) values of position errors (fixed only) are about 4cm horizontally and 7 cm vertically.
A Review on the Usage of RTKLIB for Precise Navigation of Unmanned Vehicles
Lim, Cheolsoon,Lee, Yongjun,Cho, Am,Park, Byungwoon 항법시스템학회 2021 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.10 No.4
Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a phase-based differential GNSS technique and uses additional observations from permanent reference stations to mitigate or eliminate effects like atmospheric delays or satellite clocks and orbit errors. In particular, as the position accuracy required in the fields of autonomous vehicles and drones is gradually increasing, the demand for RTK-based precise navigation that can provide cm-level position is increasing. Recently, with the rapid growth of the open-source software market, the use of open-source software for building navigation system of unmanned vehicles, which is difficult to mount an expensive GNSS receivers, is gradually increasing. RTKLIB is an open-source software package that can perform RTK positioning and is widely used for research and education purposes. However, since the performance and stability of RTK algorithm of RTKLIB is inevitably inferior to that of commercial GNSS receivers, users need to verify whether RTKLIB can satisfy the navigation performance requirements of unmanned vehicles. Therefore, in this paper, the performance evaluation of the RTK positioning algorithm of RTKLIB was performed using GNSS observation data acquired in a dynamic environment. Therefore, in this paper, the RTK positioning performance of RTKLIB was evaluated using GNSS observation data acquired in a dynamic environment. Our results show that the current RTK algorithm of RTKLIB is not suitable for precise navigation of unmanned vehicles.
Performance Analysis of GNSS Residual Error Bounding for QZSS CLAS
Yebin Lee,Cheolsoon Lim,Yunho Cha,Byungwoon Park,Sul-Gee Park,Sanghyun Park 사단법인 항법시스템학회 2023 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.12 No.3
The State Space Representation (SSR) method provides individual corrections for each Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) error components. This method can lead to less bandwidth for transmission and allows selective use of each correction. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) - Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is one of the carrier-based precise positioning techniques using SSR correction. This technique enables high-precision positioning with a fast convergence time by providing atmospheric correction as well as satellite orbit and clock correction. Currently, the positioning service that supports PPPRTK technology is the Quazi-Zenith Satellite System Centimeter Level Augmentation System (QZSS CLAS) in Japan. A system that provides correction for each GNSS error component, such as QZSS CLAS, requires monitoring of each error component to provide reliable correction and integrity information to the user. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the performance of residual error bounding for each error component. To assess this performance, we utilized the correction and quality indicators provided by QZSS CLAS. Performance analyses included the range domain, dispersive part, non-dispersive part, and satellite orbit/clock part. The residual root mean square (RMS) of CLAS correction for the range domain approximated 0.0369 m, and the residual RMS for both dispersive and non-dispersive components is around 0.0363 m. It has also been confirmed that the residual errors are properly bounded by the integrity parameters. However, the satellite orbit and clock part have a larger residual of about 0.6508 m, and it was confirmed that this residual was not bounded by the integrity parameters. Users who rely solely on satellite orbit and clock correction, particularly maritime users, thus should exercise caution when utilizing QZSS CLAS.
JiYeong Seo,CheolSoon Lee,ChulSoo Park,BongJo Kim,BoSeok Cha,SoJin Lee,InYoung Ahn 대한신경정신의학회 2004 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.1 No.2
Objective-The aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms affect the relationship between adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the quality of life (QOL) in Korean soldiers. Methods-We evaluated past and present symptoms of adult ADHD (the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Scale and the Wender Utah Rating Scale), depression (the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and QOL (the Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham ‘Quality of Life’ scale) in 131 soldiers during mental health screenings performed by a local mental health center. A structured equation model using AMOS 19.0 was used to evaluate the mediating effect of depression. Results-In our first model (without depressive symptoms), adult ADHD significantly affected QOL (standardized regression weight=-0.51, p<0.01). After depressive symptoms were added to this model, the direct effect of adult ADHD on QOL was not significant (standardized regression weight=0.10, p=0.43). Regarding the indirect effect, adult ADHD significantly affected depression (standardized regression weight=0.78, p<0.01), and depression also affected QOL (standardized regression weight=-0.79, p<0.01). Conclusion-Through structural equation modeling, the complete mediation model for the influence of depressive symptoms on ADHD and QOL was confirmed. These findings indicated that it might be important to consider comorbidities, such as depression, when adult ADHD is being evaluated.