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Impact Assessments of High Oil Prices on the Agro-Food System and the Role of Bioenergy Crops
Lee, Duu-Hwa,Lin, Hsin-Chun,Chang, Ching-Cheng,Hsu, Shih-Hsun,Chen, Chi-Chun,Sun, Jenny Chin-Hwa Korean Resource Economics Association 2007 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.16 No.3
In this study, multi-sectoral partial equilibrium and computable general equilibrium models of Taiwan are used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of energy price increases on overall economies and agro-food sector in Taiwan. The results suggest that agricultural prices, production cost would increase between 0.27% to 1.88%, and a reduction in GDP around 0.39% to 0.54 %. The negative impact on livestock sector is slightly higher than that on the crop sector. Negative impacts are also observed in the employment and wages. The rising oil price has the potential to discourage production of energy-intensive activity because of the possibility of substitution and adaptations. The growth rate of real GDP will shrink by 0.64% to 1.06% and CPI will increase by 1.17% to 1,95%. Both the agriculture and non-agricultural sector also respond by raising output prices by 0.80% to 1.33%. The rising international oil price has urged the government to take policy actions like using alternative fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and adopting measures to cut down on energy consumptions mainly in transportation sectors in response to public concern over economic shocks.
Jin, Cheng Hua,Krishnaiah, Maddeboina,Sreenu, Domalapally,Subrahmanyam, Vura B.,Rao, Kota S.,Lee, Hwa Jeong,Park, So-Jung,Park, Hyun-Ju,Lee, Kiho,Sheen, Yhun Yhong,Kim, Dae-Kee American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.57 No.10
<P>A series of 2-substituted-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyridin-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)imidazoles was synthesized and evaluated to optimize a prototype inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor kinase (ALK5), <B>6</B>. Combination of replacement of a quinoxalin-6-yl moiety of <B>6</B> with a [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyridin-6-yl moiety, insertion of a methyleneamino linker, and a <I>o</I>-F substituent in the phenyl ring markedly increased ALK5 inhibitory activity, kinase selectivity, and oral bioavailability. The <B>12b</B> (EW-7197) inhibited ALK5 with IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of 0.013 μM in a kinase assay and with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 0.0165 and 0.0121 μM in HaCaT (3TP-luc) stable cells and 4T1 (3TP-luc) stable cells, respectively, in a luciferase assay. Selectivity profiling of <B>12b</B> using a panel of 320 protein kinases revealed that it is a highly selective ALK5/ALK4 inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic study with <B>12b</B>·HCl in rats showed an oral bioavailability of 51% with high systemic exposure (AUC) of 1426 ng × h/mL and maximum plasma concentration (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of 1620 ng/mL. Rational optimization of <B>6</B> has led to the identification of a highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ALK5 inhibitor <B>12b</B>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2014/jmcmar.2014.57.issue-10/jm500115w/production/images/medium/jm-2014-00115w_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm500115w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Downwash flow measurement with the change of rotor blade rpm in agricultural drones
Shouji Cheng,Reza Alidoost Dafsari,Seung-Hwa Yu,Yong Choi,Jeekeun Lee 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11
In recent years, agricultural drones have been widely used in precision agriculture control. Use the drones downwash flow to increase the pesticide spray area. However, pesticide drift will cause environmental pollution and harm to humans and animals. In this study, the downwash flow distribution generated by a single-blade propeller (radius of 370mm) at 3 different speeds (2000, 2500, 3000 RPM) and the velocity components were dimensionless expressed using the blade tip velocity (77.45, 96.82, 116.18 m/s) corresponding to this rotational speed. Use CTA-type hot wire anemometer and X-type probe to measure the axial, radial, tangential velocity components. In the range of r/L<SUB>b</SUB>=0~0.4, the downwash flow generated a very small influence on the motor, and the high axial velocity appears in the range of r/L<SUB>b</SUB>=0.4~0.8, and the range of r/L<SUB>b</SUB>=0.8~1 becomes smaller again. The downwash flow is distributed uniform as the axial distance increases, and attenuation is not obvious.