Identification of the Anopheles gambiae ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Superfamily Genes

Charles W. Roth,Inge Holm,Marine Graille,Pierre Dehoux,Andrey Rzhetsky,Patrick Wincker,Jean Weissenbach,Paul T. Brey 한국분자세포생물학회 2003 Molecules and cells Vol.15 No.2

[PD-0004] A Panax ginseng R2R3 MYB transcription factor PgMYB123, regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana when overexpressed

David Charles Simiyu(David Charles Simiyu ),Ok Ran Lee(Ok Ran Lee) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회 공동학술발표집 Vol.2022 No.-

THE CLASH OF CULTURES IN KIM NAMCH’ŎN’S SCENES FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT

CHARLES LA SHURE 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2016 Acta Koreana Vol.19 No.2

Kim Namch’ŏn’s 1939 novel of manners, Taeha (Scenes from the Enlightenment), offers a snapshot of Korea at a crucial point in its modern history, the beginning of the Japanese colonial period. The town in which the novel takes place is an ideological battleground as old clashes with new. In terms of the social order, the old guard of the yangban aristocrats clings desperately to the last threads of its status and prestige, but the yangban must u ltimately a dmit d efeat a nd m ake w ay f or t he r ise o f t he c apitalist. Ideologically as well, different philosophies clash, with traditional shamanism and superstitions being denounced by the new enlightenment thinkers and Christian proselytizers. Yet there is one clash that the author deals with only in the subtlest of terms: the clash between the Korean people and the Japanese colonizers. Although this has been seen as a weakness in the novel’s historical consciousness, Kim Namch’ŏn’s depictions of the clashes between old and new cultures are nuanced; neither side is portrayed as being wholly right and effective. While it i s clear that the new is winning out over the old, the picture that we are left with is not a stark black-and-white image but a much more nuanced understanding of this tumultuous transitional period.

Production of D-Xylonic Acid from Hemicellulose Using Artificial Enzyme Complexes

( Charles C. Lee ),( Rena E. Kibblewhite ),( Chad D. Paavola ),( William J. Orts ),( Kurt Wagschal ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

Lignocellulosic biomass represents a potentially large resource to supply the world`s fuel and chemical feedstocks. Enzymatic bioconversion of this substrate offers a reliable strategy for accessing this material under mild reaction conditions. Owing to the complex nature of lignocellulose, many different enzymatic activities are required to function in concert to perform efficient transformation. In nature, large multienzyme complexes are known to effectively hydrolyze lignocellulose into constituent monomeric sugars. We created artificial complexes of enzymes, called rosettazymes, in order to hydrolyze glucuronoxylan, a common lignocellulose component, into its cognate sugar D-xylose and then further convert the D-xylose into D-xylonic acid, a Department of Energy top-30 platform chemical. Four different types of enzymes (endoxylanase, α-glucuronidase, β-xylosidase, and xylose dehydrogenase) were incorporated into the artificial complexes. We demonstrated that tethering our enzymes in a complex resulted in significantly more activity (up to 71%) than the same amount of enzymes free in solution. We also determined that varying the enzyme composition affected the level of complex-related activity enhancement as well as overall yield.

REIMAGINING TRADITION : PREMODERN KOREAN LITERATURE IN MODERN KOREAN FILM

CHARLES LA SHURE 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2013 Acta Koreana Vol.16 No.2

Striving Towards a Holistic Innovation Policy in European Countries - But Linearity Still Prevails!

Charles Edquist 과학기술정책연구원 2014 STI Policy Review Vol.5 No.2

The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has diffused rapidly during the latest decades and has completely replaced the linear view in the field of innovation research. The majority of European countries are striving in the direction of developing a more holistic innovation policy. However, it is concluded that the innovation policies in European countries are still dominantly linear despite the fact that holistic policy seems to be the driving vision. Innovation policy is behindhand. Why innovation policy is still linear is also preliminarily discussed. Policymakers attending conferences on innovation are practically always in favor of holistic (systemic, broad-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between “linear” and “holistic” seems to be located within the community where innovation policies are designed and implemented, a community composed of policymakers (administrators/bureaucrats)and elected politicians. Perhaps the dividing line is between these two groups in that politicians, who actually make the decisions, may still reflexively believe in the linear view. Nevertheless, there seems to be a failure in communication between researchers and politicians in the field of innovation and there is therefore a strong need to involve innovation researchers in policy design and implementation to a much higher degree. Another way to increase the degree of holism could be to separate innovation policy from research policy, since their integration tends to cement the linear character of innovation policy. The empirical results are based on a questionnaire sent to twenty-three EU Member States, out of which nineteen (83%) responded. Part of the work for this article was carried out for the European Research and Innovation Area Committee (ERAC) of the European Commission (DG RTD).

In Whose Backyard? : Carnage on Ugandan Roads

Charles Tushabomwe-Kazooba,Imelda Kemeza 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2008 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.24 No.-

This paper illustrates psycho economic trends on long term partnerships based on good governance across many sectors and disciplines. Setting targets for accident reduction provide a way to minimize carnage on Ugandan roads. Whereas government policies and legal frameworks are the starting point, enforcement and community involvement have a great impact on proper road use.

Repackaging Microfinance Institutions for Sustainable Development in the 21<SUP>st</SUP> Century : A Case Study of Uganda

Charles Tushabomwe-Kazooba,Imelda Kemeza 한국외국어대학교 아프리카연구소 2006 Asian Journal of African Studies Vol.20 No.-

This study analyzed the microfinance operations in Uganda since the 90s. It has established that despite the challenges faced during the introduction, unregulated growth and maturity stages, the different strategies by the government, civil society organizations and individuals under the repackaging phase will strengthen the industry. Recommendations are made on how to revitalize the industry in its crusade to alleviate poverty by providing services to the active poor, extending credit and providing savings facilities.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Export Performance of Emerging Market SMEs: The Moderating Role of Dynamic Capabilities in South Africa

Charles Robb,Eun-Mi KIM,Jae-Woo LEE 한국유통과학회 2020 유통과학연구 Vol.18 No.12

Purpose: Due to an ever more interconnected global commercial environment, the role of SMEs from emerging markets has attracted considerable attention in business literature of late. Reinforced by strategic management theory, this study builds on aspects such as entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities to construct and test a framework that focuses on exploring their associations with export performance. Research design, data and methodology: To contribute further towards a deeper understanding of these markets, the current study empirically tests a model using data collected from 225 exporting firms located throughout South Africa. Results: The results from the data analysis show that entrepreneurial orientation contributes significantly towards improving the performance of South African SMEs. Additionally, this study integrates three dynamic capabilities in the strategy-performance relationship to test their interacting effects on the correlation between entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. Further findings advocate support for relationship-based capabilities playing a moderating role between entrepreneurial orientation and the exporting performance of small and medium firms emanating from emerging markets. Conclusions: Findings provide substance to the argument that entrepreneurship, as a strategy-making process, leads to export performance in emerging nations. Especially, this study provides several suggestions as to how small and medium-sized organizations can develop their exporting performance based on the research findings.

Economic Instruments, Military Instruments, and National Power

( Charles Wolf Jr ) 한국국방연구원 1994 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.6 No.2

Several propositions are widely accepted as characterizing the post- Cold War era. These propositions include: 1. Economic interests, issues and instruments are increasingly im- portant in international affairs. 2. Military issues, interests and instruments are becoming less im- portant. 3. US national power, especially economic power, has declined relative to that of other countries. 4. This decline has been due to overemphasis on military issues, and reversal of the decline depends on focusing more on economic issues and economic policies. Some of these propositions are more valid than others, and all of them suffer from the ambiguous terminology they employ. This article is principally concerned with clarifying some of this terminology, suggesting various ways of measuring the terms that are used, and proposing several hypotheses about the relationships and interactions among the terms and concepts. The article also contains some observations about the shortcomings of several of these preceding propositions. The central thesis is that economic and military instruments of power are often closely linked, rather than being independent of each other, that the relationships between them are often complex and subtle, and that these relationships vary in different contexts. To be effective, economic power and economic instruments of power sometimes com- plement military power and military instruments, and at other times and in other circumstances substitute for them. To clarify these complex relationships, the article begins by suggesting various indicators or metrics for defining and measuring economic instruments of power, and the military instruments of power. It is,acknowledged in the article that the political and diplomatic instruments of power are also of central importance, although these are not the focus of the present discussion. Having proposed several metrics, three hypotheses about the relation- ships among them are formulated: first, that national power depends on economic instruments, military instruments, and a set of other shift variables; second, economic instruments in a given period depend on their level in the preceding period, as well as on the level of military instruments and a set of other influential economic factors; and third, the level of military instruments in a given period depends upon their level in the preceding period, the current level of economic instruments, and a set of other conditioning political, as well as economic and military, variables. Finally, several examples are cited of how economic instruments can be used, in conjunction with or as a substitute for military instruments, to influence the behavior of various actors in the international arena.