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Patrick Hwang,Chung Min Shin,Jennifer A. Sherwood,김동호,Vineeth M. Vijayan,Krishna C. Josyula,Reid C. Millican,Donald Ho,Brigitta C. Brott,Vinoy Thomas,Chul Hee Choi,Sang‑Ha Oh,김동운,Ho‑Wook Jun 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00
Background Capsular contracture is a critical complication of silicone implantation caused by fibrotic tissue formation from excessive foreign body responses. Various approaches have been applied, but targeting the mechanisms of capsule formation has not been completely solved. Myofibroblast differentiation through the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/p-SMADs signaling is one of the key factors for capsular contracture development. In addition, biofilm formation on implants may result chronic inflammation promoting capsular fibrosis formation with subsequent contraction. To date, there have been no approaches targeting multi-facted mechanisms of capsular contracture development. Methods In this study, we developed a multi-targeting nitric oxide (NO) releasing bionanomatrix coating to reduce capsular contracture formation by targeting myofibroblast differentiation, inflammatory responses, and infections. First, we characterized the bionanomatrix coating on silicon implants by conducting rheology test, scanning electron microcsopy analysis, nanoindentation analysis, and NO release kinetics evaluation. In addition, differentiated monocyte adhesion and S. epidermidis biofilm formation on bionanomatrix coated silicone implants were evaluated in vitro. Bionanomatrix coated silicone and uncoated silicone groups were subcutaneously implanted into a mouse model for evaluation of capsular contracture development for a month. Fibrosis formation, capsule thickness, TGF-β/SMAD 2/3 signaling cascade, NO production, and inflammatory cytokine production were evaluated using histology, immunofluorescent imaging analysis, and gene and protein expression assays. Results The bionanomatrix coating maintained a uniform and smooth surface on the silicone even after mechanical stress conditions. In addition, the bionanomatrix coating showed sustained NO release for at least one month and reduction of differentiated monocyte adhesion and S. epidermidis biofilm formation on the silicone implants in vitro. In in vivo implantation studies, the bionanomatrix coated groups demonstrated significant reduction of capsule thickness surrounding the implants. This result was due to a decrease of myofibroblast differentiation and fibrous extracellular matrix production through inhibition of the TGF-β/p-SMADs signaling. Also, the bionanomatrix coated groups reduced gene expression of M1 macrophage markers and promoted M2 macrophage markers which indicated the bionanomatrix could reduce inflammation but promote healing process. Conclusions In conclusion, the bionanomatrix coating significantly reduced capsular contracture formation and promoted healing process on silicone implants by reducing myfibroblast differentiation, fibrotic tissue formation, and inflammation. Graphical Abstract A multi-targeting nitric oxide releasing bionanomatrix coating for silicone implant can reduce capsular contracture and improve healing process. The bionanomatrix coating reduces capsule thickness, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen synthesis, and myofibroblast differentiation through inhibition of TGF-β/SMADs signaling cascades in the subcutaneous mouse models for a month.
Agarwal, Radhe,Sharma, Yogesh,Chang, Siliang,Pitike, Krishna C.,Sohn, Changhee,Nakhmanson, Serge M.,Takoudis, Christos G.,Lee, Ho Nyung,Tonelli, Rachel,Gardner, Jonathan,Scott, James F.,Katiyar, Ram S American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.97 No.5
<P>Tin titanate (SnTiO3) has been notoriously impossible to prepare as a thin-film ferroelectric, probably because high-temperature annealing converts much of the Sn2+ to Sn4+. In the present paper, we show two things: first, perovskite phase SnTiO3 can be prepared by atomic-layer deposition directly onto p-type Si substrates; and second, these films exhibit ferroelectric switching at room temperature, with p-type Si acting as electrodes. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the film is single-phase, preferred-orientation ferroelectric perovskite SnTiO3. Our films showed well-saturated, square, and repeatable hysteresis loops of around 3 mu C/cm(2) remnant polarization at room temperature, as detected by out-of-plane polarization versus electric field and field cycling measurements. Furthermore, photovoltaic and photoferroelectricity were found in Pt/SnTiO3/Si/SnTiO3/Pt heterostructures, the properties of which can be tuned through band-gap engineering by strain according to first-principles calculations. This is a lead-free room-temperature ferroelectric oxide of potential device application.</P>
Prediction Model of Survival Analysis for Customer Relationship Management
C.M.Velu,J. Yamini Devi,Vijay Krishna Dhulipalla,Debnath Bhattacharyya 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.9
The survival analysis examines life-time of an item or human being or an animal. For example, 1) employee satisfaction may lie in promotion in a particular company. 2) Similarly, medical researchers are keenly interested in survival of patients by giving an excellent treatment for dangerous diseases. 3) For engineering equipment’s, reliability, availability of a component or an item plays major role in one of the following replacement policy: i)Individual replacement of an item ii)Group replacement of items iii)both (i) and (ii), to be adopted for the smooth functioning of the system to avoid shut down in a manufacturing company. 4) Some specific examples in medicine are after giving chemotherapy for a particular cancer, the patient lives many years beyond of medical history. As an example, if we know a patient survives 60 months and is then censored, use is made of the fact that the patient lived during the first 60 months. After the time of censoring, the censored value is dropped from any survival calculations. Considering our example, we don’t know how much beyond 60 months the patient survived, so this data is not used in calculating the survival function beyond that point. In this way survival analysis makes use of censored data. In both survival tables and plots, censored events are noted. In this paper, we wish to build prediction model for the survival of a particular item or human being. We use Kaplan-Meir Method (KMM) to study the same.
Prediction of the surface roughness of AA6082 flow-formed tubes by design of experiments
M. Srinivasulu,M. Komaraiah,C. S. Krishna Prasada Rao 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.6
Flow forming is a modern, chipless metal forming process that is employed for the production of thin-walled seamless tubes. Experiments are conducted on AA6082 alloy pre-forms to flow form into thin-walled tubes on a CNC flow-forming machine with a single roller. Design of experiments is used to predict the surface roughness of flow-formed tubes. The process parameters selected for this study are the roller axial feed, mandrel speed, and roller radius. A standard response surface methodology (RSM) called the Box–Behnken design is used to perform the experimental runs. The regression model developed by RSM successfully predicts the surface roughness of AA6082 flow-formed tubes within the range of the selected process parameters.
Recyclable single-stranded DNA template for synthesis of siRNAs
( Mussa M. Ali ),( Demian Obregon ),( Krishna C. Agrawal ),( Mahmoud Mansour ),( Asim B. Abdel Mageed ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.11
RNA interference is a post-transcriptional silencing mechanism triggered by the bioavailability and/or exogenous introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into cells. Here we describe a novel method for the synthesis of siRNA in a single vessel. The method employs in vitro transcription and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template and design, which incorporates upon self-annealing, two promoters, two templates, and three loop regions. Using this method of synthesis we generated efficacious siRNAs designed to silence both exogenous and endogenous genes in mammalian cells. Due to its unique design the single-stranded template is easily amenable to adaptation for attachment to surface platforms for synthesis of siRNAs. AsiRNA synthesis platform was generated using a 3` end-biotinylated ssDNA template tethered to a streptavidin coated surface that generates stable siRNAs under multiple cycles of production. Together these data demonstrate a unique and robust method for scalable siRNA synthesis with potential application in RNAi-based array systems. [BMB reports 2010; 43(11): 732-737]
Reddy, Lakshmi C. Narayana,Reddy, Rama Subba P.,Rao, Krishna K.S.V.,Subha, M.C.S.,Rao, Chowdoji K. Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.4
Chitosan (CS) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) blend microspheres were prepared by water-in-oil emulsion technique and were loaded with an anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). CS-HPMC microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the cross-linking reaction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to assess the surface morphology of particles prepared. The quantity of release of 5-FU from the microspheres have been studied in terms of blend composition and amount of cross-linking agent. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction techniques indicated a uniform distribution of 5-FU particles in microspheres, whereas SEM suggested the spherical structure of the microspheres with slight rough surface. The in vitro drug release indicated that the particle size and release kinetics depend upon blend composition, amount of cross-linking agent used and amount of 5-FU present in the microspheres.