http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Chun, Hyen Chung,Jung, Ki-Yuol,Choi, Young Dae,Jo, Su-min,Lee, Sanghun,Hyun, Byung-Keun,Shin, Kooksik,Sonn, Yeonkyu,Kang, Hang-Won 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5
Human influence on soil formation has dramatically increased with human civilization and industry development. Increase of anthropogenic soils induced researches on the anthropogenic soils; classification, chemical and physical characteristics of anthropogenic soils and plant growth from anthropogenic soils. However there have been no comprehensive analyses on soil pore or physical properties of anthropogenic soils from 3 dimensional images in Korea. The objectives of this study were to characterize physical properties of anthropogenic paddy field soils by depth and to find differences between natural and anthropogenic paddy field soils. Soil samples were taken from two anthropogenic and natural paddy field soils; anthropogenic (A_c) and natural (N_c) paddy soils with topsoil of coarse texture and anthropogenic (A_f) and natural (N_f) paddy soils with topsoil of fine texture. The anthropogenic paddy fields were reestablished during the Arable Land Remodeling Project from 2011 to 2012 and continued rice farming after the project. Natural paddy fields had no artificial changes or disturbance in soil layers up to 1m depth. Samples were taken at three different depths and analyzed for routine physical properties (texture, bulk density, etc.) and pore properties with computer tomography (CT) scans. The CT scan provided 3 dimensional images at resolution of 0.01 mm to calculate pore radius size, length, and tortuosity of soil pores. Fractal and configuration entropy analyses were applied to quantify pore structure and analyze spatial distribution of pores within soil images. The results of measured physical properties showed no clear trend or significant differences across depths or sites from all samples, except the properties from topsoils. The results of pore morphology and spatial distribution analyses provided detailed information of pores affected by human influences. Pore length and size showed significant decrease in anthropogenic soils. Especially, pores of A_c had great decrease in length compared to N_c. Fractal and entropy analyses showed clear changes of pore distributions across sites. The topsoil layer of A_c showed more degradation of pore structure than that of N_c, while pores of A_f topsoil did not show significant degradation compared with those of N_f. These results concluded that anthropogenic soils with coarse texture may have more effects on pore properties than ones with fine texture. The reestablished paddy fields may need more fundamental remediation to improve physical conditions.
Byung-Keun Hyun,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Chan-Won Park,Hyen-Chung Chun,Hyun-Jun Cho,Kwan-Cheol Song,Yong-Seon Zhang,Deog-Bae Lee 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.1
Korea’s agricultural land is constantly being reduced. The reasons for this are due to the change of agricultural profitability and the policy conditions. The reduction of agricultural land in 2010 showed a decline trend by 14.4 % of paddy fields and 1.2% of uplands compared to areas from 2000. These reductions were mainly due to switch rice paddy fields into upland or greenhouse facility cultivation because of low profitability of rice products compared to farm products. In addition, the permit system of agricultural areas was relaxed in switching paddy fields and this accelerated the reduction of agricultural land. For this reason, more than 1% of agricultural land area has been reduced every year for last five years. Moreover, indiscreet fill and cover materials such as construction wastes were used in agricultural lands and caused land contamination which threatened foundation as sustainable agricultural lands. For these reasons, it is a desperate situation to conserve good agricultural lands. However, the standards of transported soils, filling soils and cutting soils in the Agricultural Land Act are qualitative and have a problem of causing complaints. Therefore, the following criteria (proposals) are proposed in the Agricultural Land Act; ① Use the proper soils for crops (criterion), ② Soil components and amounts should be proper as transported soils (range), and ③ Prohibiting usage of improper earth rocks or recycled aggregates in case of filling soils (kinds). The presented criteria (proposals) suggest following; ① Use physio-chemically proper soils for crops (criterion), ② In case of transported soils, ⅰ, exclude potential acid sulphate soils, ⅱ, gravel content sould be less than 15%, and ⅲ, Heavy metals and other contaminants should be less than the soil contamination warning limit from the Ministry of Environments, ③ In case of filling soils, 13 kinds of recycled wastes specified in the Wastes Control Act should not be used as filling soils, ④ Practice soil conservation technology in case of sloping areas, and ⑤ Follow proper fertilizer application standards for maturing paddy fields and uplands when cutting soils.
Review of Soil Structure Quantification from Soil Images
Chun, Hyen-Chung,Gimenez, Daniel,Yoon, Sung-Won,Park, Chan-Won,Moon, Yong-Hee,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu,Hyun, Byung-Keun Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Soil structure plays an important role in ecological system, since it controls transport and storage of air, gas, nutrients and solutions. The study of soil structure requires an understanding of the interrelations and interactions between the diverse soil components at various levels of organization. Investigations of the spatial distribution of pore/particle arrangements and the geometry of soil pore space can provide important information regarding ecological or crop system. Because of conveniences in image analyses and accuracy, these investigations have been thrived for a long time. Image analyses from soil sections through impregnated blocks of undisturbed soil (2 dimensional image analyses) or from 3 dimensional scanned soils by computer tomography allow quantitative assessment of the pore space. Image analysis techniques can be used to classify pore types and quantify pore structure without inaccurate or hard labor in laboratory. In this paper, the last 50 years of the soil image analyses have been presented and measurements on various soil scales were introduced, as well. In addition to history of image analyses, a couple of examples for soil image analyses were displayed. The discussion was made on the applications of image analyses and techniques to quantify pore/soil structure.
Shoulder Disease Patterns of the Wheelchair Athletes of Table-Tennis and Archery: A Pilot Study
Byung-chun You,Won-Jae Lee,Seung-Hwa Lee,Sol Jang,Hyun Seok Lee 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.4
Objective To investigate the shoulder disease patterns for the table-tennis (TT) and archery (AR) wheelchair athletes via ultrasonographic evaluations.Methods A total of 35 wheelchair athletes were enrolled, made up of groups of TT (n=19) and AR (n=16) athletes. They were all paraplegic patients and were investigated for their wheelchair usage duration, careers as sports players, weekly training times, the Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) scores and ultrasonographic evaluation. Shoulders were divided into playing arm of TT, non-playing arm of TT, bow-arm of AR, and draw arm of AR athletes. Shoulder diseases were classified into five entities of subscapularis tendinopathy, supraspinatus tendinopathy, infraspinatus tendinopathy, biceps long head tendinopathy, and subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis. The pattern of shoulder diseases were compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney and the chi-square testsResults WSUPI did not significantly correlate with age, wheelchair usage duration, career as players or weekly training times for all the wheelchair athletes. For the non-playing arm of TT athletes, there was a high percentage of subscapularis (45.5%) and supraspinatus (40.9%) tendinopathy. The percentage of subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis showed a tendency to be present in the playing arm of TT athletes (20.0%) compared with their non-playing arm (4.5%), even though this was not statistically significant. Biceps long head tendinopathy was the most common disease of the shoulder in the draw arm of AR athletes, and the difference was significant when compared to the non-playing arm of TT athletes (p<0.05).Conclusion There was a high percentage of subscapularis and supraspinatus tendinopathy cases for the non-playing arm of TT wheelchair athletes, and a high percentage of biceps long head tendinopathy for the draw arm for the AR wheelchair athletes. Consideration of the biomechanical properties of each sport may be needed to tailor specific training for wheelchair athletes.
( Byung Hwan Lee ),( Sun Hye Choi ),( Hyeon Joong Kim ),( Seok Won Jung ),( Sung Hee Hwang ),( Mi Kyung Pyo ),( Hyewhon Rhim ),( Hyoung Chun Kim ),( Ho Kyoung Kim ),( Sang Mok Lee ),( Seung Yeol Nah ) 한국응용약물학회 2016 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.24 No.4
Quercetin is a flavonoid usually found in fruits and vegetables. Aside from its antioxidative effects, quercetin, like other flavonoids, has a various neuropharmacological actions. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Rham1), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Rutin), and quercetin- 3-(2(G)-rhamnosylrutinoside (Rham2) are mono-, di-, and tri-glycosylated forms of quercetin, respectively. In a previous study, we showed that quercetin can enhance α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR)-mediated ion currents. However, the role of the carbohydrates attached to quercetin in the regulation of α7 nAChR channel activity has not been determined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of quercetin glycosides on the acetylcholine induced peak inward current (IACh) in Xenopus oocytes expressing the α7 nAChR. IACh was measured with a two-electrode voltage clamp technique. In oocytes injected with α7 nAChR copy RNA, quercetin enhanced IACh, whereas quercetin glycosides inhibited IACh. Quercetin glycosides mediated an inhibition of IACh, which increased when they were pre-applied and the inhibitory effects were concentration dependent. The order of IACh inhibition by quercetin glycosides was Rutin≥Rham1>Rham2. Quercetin glycosides-mediated IACh enhancement was not affected by ACh concentration and appeared voltage-independent. Furthermore, quercetin-mediated IACh inhibition can be attenuated when quercetin is co-applied with Rham1 and Rutin, indicating that quercetin glycosides could interfere with quercetin-mediated α7 nAChR regulation and that the number of carbohydrates in the quercetin glycoside plays a key role in the interruption of quercetin action. These results show that quercetin and quercetin glycosides regulate the α7 nAChR in a differential manner.
Floral Development of Chrysanthemum Influenced by Photoperiod
Byung-Joo Lee,Mi-Kyoung Won,Won-Chun Choi,Euy-Seog Yang,Jong-Suk Lee,Jeffrey Gordon Atherton 한국원예학회 2004 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.45 No.3
A development of floral morphogenesis was presented from the vegetative to the late reproductive stages by photoperiod for chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cultivars ‘Envy’ and ‘Lady Time’. To quantify the flowering process, times to specific stage assigned numerical values. When the developments of floral stages were plotted against time after the commencement of short-day induction, they produced nearly straight lines on a graph and it was possible to compare the flowering progress among various photoperiod treatments. Optimum photoperiod for progress to anthesis was 10 h in both cultivars. Plants grown under 10 h photoperiod reached anthesis up to seven days earlier than those grown at 8 or 12 h photoperiods. In continuous 14 and 16 h photoperiods, both cultivars eventually initiated flower buds (crown buds), which failed to reach anthesis. Final leaf number at anthesis in ‘Envy’ was less affected by photoperiod. While overall plant growth, measured as dry weight, stem length and leaf area, increased as photoperiods were extended from 10 to 16 h.