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Molecular architecture of collagen fibrils: A critical length scale for tough fibrils
Markus J. Buehler 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Protein materials constitute Nature’s most intriguing material concepts, leading to multi-functional and stimuli responsive materials. Such materials often feature a characteristic hierarchical design, which is characterized by structural features starting at nanoscale. Here we review recent studies of deformation of collagen, Nature’s most abundant structural protein material forming the basis of bone, tendon and skin. We have discovered that a specific nanostructural design with molecular lengths of 200 nm leads to the strongest possible ultra-structure that is still capable of dissipating large amounts of energy before fracture occurs, maximizing the toughness of the material [M.J. Buehler, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006) 12285]. The analysis explains prevalent molecular length scales observed in tendon, bone and the eye’s cornea, and explains how molecular properties influence the deformation and fracture mechanics of tissues. Protein materials constitute Nature’s most intriguing material concepts, leading to multi-functional and stimuli responsive materials. Such materials often feature a characteristic hierarchical design, which is characterized by structural features starting at nanoscale. Here we review recent studies of deformation of collagen, Nature’s most abundant structural protein material forming the basis of bone, tendon and skin. We have discovered that a specific nanostructural design with molecular lengths of 200 nm leads to the strongest possible ultra-structure that is still capable of dissipating large amounts of energy before fracture occurs, maximizing the toughness of the material [M.J. Buehler, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103 (2006) 12285]. The analysis explains prevalent molecular length scales observed in tendon, bone and the eye’s cornea, and explains how molecular properties influence the deformation and fracture mechanics of tissues.
Properties of solar plage from a spatially coupled inversion of Hinode SP data
Buehler, D.,Lagg, A.,Solanki, S. K.,van Noort, M. EDP Sciences 2015 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.576 No.-
<P>Aims. The properties of magnetic fields forming an extended plage region in AR10953 were investigated. Methods. Stokes spectra of the Fe I line pair at 6302Å recorded by the spectropolarimeter aboard the Hinode satellite were inverted using the SPINOR code. The code performed a 2D spatially coupled inversion on the Stokes spectra, allowing the retrieval of gradients in optical depth within the atmosphere of each pixel, whilst accounting for the effects of the instrument’s PSF. Consequently, no magnetic filling factor was needed. Results. The inversion results reveal that plage is composed of magnetic flux concentrations (MFCs) with typical field strengths of 1520G at log?(τ) = −0.9 and inclinations of 10°15°. The MFCs expand by forming magnetic canopies composed of weaker and more inclined magnetic fields. The expansion and average temperature stratification of isolated MFCs can be approximated well with an empirical plage thin flux tube model. The highest temperatures of MFCs are located at their edges in all log(τ) layers. Whilst the plasma inside MFCs is nearly at rest, each is surrounded by a ring of downflows of on average 2.4 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> at log(τ) = 0 and peak velocities of up to 10 km s<SUP>−1</SUP>, which are supersonic. The downflow ring of an MFC weakens and shifts outwards with height, tracing the MFC’s expansion. Such downflow rings often harbour magnetic patches of opposite polarity to that of the main MFC with typical field strengths below 300 G at log?(τ) = 0. These opposite polarity patches are situated beneath the canopy of their main MFC. We found evidence of a strong broadening of the Stokes profiles in MFCs and particularly in the downflow rings surrounding MFCs (expressed by a microturbulence in the inversion). This indicates the presence of strong unresolved velocities. Larger magnetic structures such as sunspots cause the field of nearby MFCs to be more inclined.</P>
Jeffery L. Buehler 한국유아교육학회 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.8 No.1
The approach to teaching young children know as developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is a culmination of educational techniques that have attempted to create the most beneficial environments for the education of young children. Built with a foundation of early childhood development, this comprehensive approach to improving the lives of children emphasizes the individuality of each child as seen in their learning styles and developmental progress, as well as their needs and interests. It is the purpose of this article to describe what the theory of DAP means to early childhood educators. To illustrate th process of constructing developmentally appropriate curriculum and environments, examples are provided from the University of Missouri-Columbia Child Development Lab. To determine DAP‘s value and effectiveness, this article offers the research conducted in the fifteen years since its inception that indicates that the standards of developmental appropriateness have improved the quality of early education as well as children‘s outcomes across developmental domains.
Comparing Advantages: US Trade with the Rest of the World, 1968~2008
( Roger White ),( David Buehler ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2015 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.30 No.3
Calibrating a stylized version of the Dornbusch-Fischer-Samuelson model, this paper finds that relative to a cohort of 97 trading partners, the US capital stock, labor force, and nominal GDP per capita decreased, while the level of technology embodied in its output increased. These observed dynamics suggest a shift in comparative advantage that, coupled with increased production at the extensive and intensive margins, yields an expectation of labor market churning. Grouping trading partners by World Bank income classifications reveals that observed changes for low and lower middle income cohorts resulted in more pronounced shifts in comparative advantage. Examining employment and earnings in US manufacturing industries, a dynamic regression model reveals that increased import penetration has significant negative effects on production worker employment and wages, while increases in exports has significant positive effects on production worker employment. Variation in labor market outcomes is found across income classifications, as well as industries categorized by trade orientation.
A Search for Deeply-bound Kaonic Nuclear States by In-flight $^3$He($K^-, n$) Reaction at J-PARC
Sakuma, F.,Ajimura, S.,Beer, G.,Bhang, H.,Bragadireanu, M.,Buehler, P.,Busso, L.,Cargnelli, M.,Choi, S.,Curceanu, C.,Enomoto, S.,Faso, D.,Fujioka, H.,Fujiwara, Y.,Fukuda, T.,Guaraldo, C.,Hashimoto, T. Jagiellonian University 2014 Acta physica Polonica. B Vol.45 No.3
Measurement of the In-MediumK0Inclusive Cross Section inπ−-Induced Reactions at1.15 GeV/c
Benabderrahmane, M. L.,Herrmann, N.,Wiś,niewski, K.,Kecskemeti, J.,Andronic, A.,Barret, V.,Basrak, Z.,Bastid, N.,Buehler, P.,Cargnelli, M.,Č,aplar, R.,Cordier, E.,Deppner, I.,Crochet, P.,Dup American Physical Society 2009 Physical Review Letters Vol.102 No.18
<P>The K0 meson production by pi(-) mesons of 1.15 GeV/c momentum on C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb nuclear targets was measured with the FOPI spectrometer at the Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron accelerator of GSI. Inclusive production cross sections and the momentum distributions of K0 mesons are compared to scaled elementary production cross sections and to predictions of theoretical models describing the in-medium production of kaons. The data represent a new reference for those models, which are widely used for interpretation of the strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions. The presented results demonstrate the sensitivity of the kaon production to the reaction amplitudes inside nuclei and point to the existence of a repulsive KN potential of 20+/-5 MeV at normal nuclear matter density.</P>
Reversible MoS<sub>2</sub> Origami with Spatially Resolved and Reconfigurable Photosensitivity
Xu, Weinan,Li, Tengfei,Qin, Zhao,Huang, Qi,Gao, Hui,Kang, Kibum,Park, Jiwoong,Buehler, Markus J.,Khurgin, Jacob B.,Gracias, David H. American Chemical Society 2019 Nano letters Vol.19 No.11
<P>Two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) have been extensively studied in a variety of planar optoelectronic devices. Three-dimensional (3D) optoelectronic structures offer unique advantages including omnidirectional responses, multipolar detection, and enhanced light-matter interactions. However, there has been limited success in transforming monolayer 2DLMs into reconfigurable 3D optoelectronic devices due to challenges in microfabrication and integration of these materials in truly 3D geometries. Here, we report an origami-inspired self-folding approach to reversibly transform monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<SUB>2</SUB>) into functional 3D optoelectronic devices. We pattern and integrate monolayer MoS<SUB>2</SUB> and gold (Au) onto differentially photo-cross-linked thin polymer (SU8) films. The devices reversibly self-fold due to swelling gradients in the SU8 films upon solvent exchange. We fabricate a wide variety of optically active 3D MoS<SUB>2</SUB> microstructures including pyramids, cubes, flowers, dodecahedra, and Miura-oris, and we simulate the self-folding mechanism using a coarse-grained mechanics model. Using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and optoelectronic characterization, we demonstrate that the 3D self-folded MoS<SUB>2</SUB> structures show enhanced light interaction and are capable of angle-resolved photodetection. Importantly, the structures are also reversibly reconfigurable upon solvent exchange with high tunability in the optical detection area. Our approach provides a versatile strategy to reversibly configure 2D materials in 3D optoelectronic devices of broad relevance to flexible and wearable electronics, biosensing, and robotics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>