EMERGING DISEASE PROBLEMS IN KOREAN RICE AND THEIR ORIGINS

William M. Brown Jr 한국응용곤충학회 1976 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.15 No.1

As the technology of rice production in Korea has rapidly developed and progressed over the last few years, many problems in rice production have been solved. But with the introduction of new genetic material, the increased use of pesticides, higher fertilizer rates and closer plantings, new problems are beginning to emerge. The brown plant hopper outbreak in 1975 resulted to a great extent from some of the changes in management practices. Some rice diseases and nutritional problems that have existed in Korea but have not been considered of serious consequence, are now becoming increasingly severe and possibly as limiting as the hopper outbreak in 1975. Other diseases and nutritional problems are completely new and their cause and significance have not yet been adequately defined. In this discussion there is no Intention to state, nor is there evidence to support a statement, that any of these problems are going to be limiting factors in the future production of rice on the Korean peninsula. Rather this is an attempt to bring together some of the current field problems in Korean rice so that they can be discussed and where necessary receive suitable consideration for research and control.

Emerging Disease Problems in Korean Rice and Their Origins

William M. Brown. Jr. 한국식물병리학회 1976 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

EMERGING DISEASE PROBLEMS IN KOREAN RICE AND THEIR ORIGINS

Brown William M. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1976 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.15 No.1

As the technology of rice production in Korea has rapidly developed and progressed over the last few years, many problems in rice production have been solved. But with the introduction of new genetic material, the increased use of pesticides, higher fertilizer rates and closer plantings, new problems are beginning to emerge. The brown plant hopper outbreak in 1975 resulted to a great extent from some of the changes in management practices. Some rice diseases and nutritional problems that have existed in Korea but have not been considered of serious consequence, are now becoming increasingly severe and possibly as limiting as the hopper outbreak in 1975. Other diseases and nutritional problems are completely new and their cause and significance have not yet been adequately defined. In this discussion there is no Intention to state, nor is there evidence to support a statement, that any of these problems are going to be limiting factors in the future production of rice on the Korean peninsula. Rather this is an attempt to bring together some of the current field problems in Korean rice so that they can be discussed and where necessary receive suitable consideration for research and control.

Oxytetracycline의 樹幹注入에 依한 대추나무 비짜루病 防除

羅瑢俊,William M. Brown Jr.,文東植 한국응용곤충학회 1976 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.15 No.3

oxytetracycline HCI의 대추나무 비짜루병 방제효과를 구명할 목적으로 병든 대추나무(15-20년생, 흉고직경 20cm 내외)에 oxytetracycline HCI의 1,000 p.p.m. 수용액을 1회에 500ml씩 시기별로 각각 1회(4월), 2회(4월, 7월), 30(4월, 6월, 8월) 그리고 대추 수확후 1회구(10월)로 나누어 수간에 주입하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수간주입당년에 있어서는 시기별 주입회수에 관계없이 1회 이상의 수간주입으로 비짜루병징이 완전히 억제되고, 정상엽이 자라나면서 개화결실하였다. 2. 2회이상 주입한 나무와 10월에 1회주입한 나무에서는 이듬해 가을까지도 병징억제효과가 지속되었으나 4월에 1회 주입한 나무에서는 이듬해에 부분적으로 경미한 병징이 나타나기 시작했다. 3. oxytetracycline HCI에 의한 병징억제효과는 수간주입부위의 윗쪽에서만 나타났으며, 그 이하부위와 약액이 주입되지 않은 측지에서는 병징이 억제되지 않았다. 4. oxytetracycline HCI의 5.000 p.p.m. 수용액을 주당 30ml씩 주입하였을 때는 전혀 병징이 억제되지 않았다. A Witches'-broom disease of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) with which mycoplasma-like bodies are associated is wide spread in South Korea. Jujube trees with witches'-broom symptoms were selected from 15-20 year old planting and treated with solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin). Treatments were 1) one injection on April, 2) one postharvest injection on October, 3) two injections (April and July), 4) three injections (April, June and August) and 5) an untreated control. Each injection consisted of 500ml of 1,000 p.p.m. solution of oxytetracycline HCl transfused into affected trees from plastic reservoir through plastic tubes connected to 3 small holes drilled in the basal part of the tree trunks. Complete remission of witches'-broom symptoms was accomplished within one growing season by one spring (April) injection. One postharvest (Oct.) injection also prevented the symptoms in the following growing season. Two and three injection treatments prevented the symptoms for at least two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal or near normal conditions. Remission of symptoms was found only above the injection site while current season witches'-brooms developed from areas below the injection site and from untreated main scaffolds. The results of this experiment demonstrates that transfusion treatment with oxytetracyclin HCl is feasible for the practical control of witches'-broom of jujube.

Oxytetracycline 수한주입에 의한 대추나무 비짜루병 방제

나용준,문동식,La Yong-Joon,Brown William M.,Moon Dong-Sik 한국응용곤충학회 1976 한국식물보호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

oxytetracycline HCI의 대추나무 비짜루병 방제효과를 구명할 목적으로 병든 대추나무(15-20년생, 흉고직경 20cm 내외)에 oxytetracycline HCI의 1,000 p.p.m. 수용액을 1회에 500ml씩 시기별로 각각 1회(4월), 2회(4월, 7월), 30(4월, 6월, 8월) 그리고 대추 수확후 1회구(10월)로 나누어 수간에 주입하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수간주입당년에 있어서는 시기별 주입회수에 관계없이 1회 이상의 수간주입으로 비짜루병징이 완전히 억제되고, 정상엽이 자라나면서 개화결실하였다. 2. 2회이상 주입한 나무와 10월에 1회주입한 나무에서는 이듬해 가을까지도 병징억제효과가 지속되었으나 4월에 1회 주입한 나무에서는 이듬해에 부분적으로 경미한 병징이 나타나기 시작했다. 3. oxytetracycline HCI에 의한 병징억제효과는 수간주입부위의 윗쪽에서만 나타났으며, 그 이하부위와 약액이 주입되지 않은 측지에서는 병징이 억제되지 않았다. 4. oxytetracycline HCI의 5.000 p.p.m. 수용액을 주당 30ml씩 주입하였을 때는 전혀 병징이 억제되지 않았다. A Witches'-broom disease of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) with which mycoplasma-like bodies are associated is wide spread in South Korea. Jujube trees with witches'-broom symptoms were selected from 15-20 year old planting and treated with solution of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (Terramycin). Treatments were 1) one injection on April; 2) one postharvest injection on October; 3) two injections (April and July); 4) three injections (April, June and August) and 5) an untreated control. Each injection consisted of 500ml of 1,000 p.p.m. solution of oxytetracycline HCl transfused into affected trees from plastic reservoir through plastic tubes connected to 3 small holes drilled in the basal part of the tree trunks. Complete remission of witches'-broom symptoms was accomplished within one growing season by one spring (April) injection. One postharvest (Oct.) injection also prevented the symptoms in the following growing season. Two and three injection treatments prevented the symptoms for at least two growing seasons and restored previously severely diseased trees to normal or near normal conditions. Remission of symptoms was found only above the injection site while current season witches'-brooms developed from areas below the injection site and from untreated main scaffolds. The results of this experiment demonstrates that transfusion treatment with oxytetracyclin HCl is feasible for the practical control of witches'-broom of jujube.

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGING NUCLEAR PLANT TECHNOLOGY

JOHN M. O’HARA,JAMES C. HIGGINS,WILLIAM S. BROWN 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study has identified human performance research issues associated with the implementation of new technology in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To identify the research issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were prioritized into four categories based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts representing vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. The study also identifies the priority of each issue and the rationale for those in the top priority category. The top priority issues were then organized into research program areas of: New Concepts of Operation using Multi-agent Teams, Human-system Interface Design, Complexity Issues in Advanced Systems, Operating Experience of New and Modernized Plants, and HFE Methods and Tools. The results can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas to support the safe operation of new NPPs.

Precision Greenness and Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack in 249,405 US Medicare Beneficiaries

Scott C. Brown,William W. Aitken,Joanna Lombard,Kefeng Wang,Tatjana Rundek,Margaret M. Byrne,Matthew Toro,Maria I. Nardi,Jack Kardys,Abraham Parrish,José Szapocznik 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.1

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IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGING NUCLEAR PLANT TECHNOLOGY

O'Hara, John M.,Higgins, James C.,Brown, William S. Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study has identified human performance research issues associated with the implementation of new technology in nuclear power plants (NPPs). To identify the research issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were prioritized into four categories based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts representing vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. The study also identifies the priority of each issue and the rationale for those in the top priority category. The top priority issues were then organized into research program areas of: New Concepts of Operation using Multi-agent Teams, Human-system Interface Design, Complexity Issues in Advanced Systems, Operating Experience of New and Modernized Plants, and HFE Methods and Tools. The results can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas to support the safe operation of new NPPs.

Demographic data is more predictive of component size than digital radiographic templating in total knee arthroplasty

Wallace Stephen J.,Murphy Michael P.,Schiffman Corey J.,Hopkinson William J.,Brown Nicholas M. 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-

Preoperative radiographic templating for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been shown to be inaccurate. Patient demographic data, such as gender, height, weight, age, and race, may be more predictive of implanted component size in TKA.A multivariate linear regression model was designed to predict implanted femoral and tibial component size using demographic data along a consecutive series of 201 patients undergoing index TKA. Traditional, two-dimensional, radiographic templating was compared to demographic-based regression predictions on a prospective 181 consecutive patients undergoing index TKA in their ability to accurately predict intraoperative implanted sizes. Surgeons were blinded of any predictions. Patient gender, height, weight, age, and ethnicity/race were predictive of implanted TKA component size. The regression model more accurately predicted implanted component size compared to radiographically templated sizes for both the femoral ( P = 0.04) and tibial ( P < 0.01) components. The regression model exactly predicted femoral and tibial component sizes in 43.7 and 43.7% of cases, was within one size 90.1 and 95.6% of the time, and was within two sizes in every case. Radiographic templating exactly predicted 35.4 and 36.5% of cases, was within one size 86.2 and 85.1% of the time, and varied up to four sizes for both the femoral and tibial components. The regression model averaged within 0.66 and 0.61 sizes, versus 0.81 and 0.81 sizes for radiographic templating for femoral and tibial components. A demographic-based regression model was created based on patient-specific demographic data to predict femoral and tibial TKA component sizes. In a prospective patient series, the regression model more accurately and precisely predicted implanted component sizes compared to radiographic templating.Prospective cohort, level II.